Iintlobo zemfundo eRashiya kunye USA: uthelekiso

Imfundo e Russia lilawulwa nguMthetho Federal "On imfundo", yamkelwa ngoJanuwari 1996. Ngokutsho kwesi senzo ezisemthethweni, inkqubo yemfundo iquka kamasipala, karhulumente kunye abucala ngamaziko ahlukeneyo - kokuya esikolweni, imfundo jikelele, namaziko emfundo ephezulu, umsebenzi, njalo njalo

Okwangoku, ezi ndidi zilandelayo kwemfundo eRashiya: pre-school, aphakamileyo, yezandla eziziisekondari kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo professional.

Ubume imfundo pre-school iquka inani elikhulu amaziko kunye lokuzimela enkulu ekukhetheni iinkqubo zoqeqesho, indlela eziphambili zenkqubo yemfundo, ukwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi. Ezi ziquka: eziguqulweyo rhoqo, abancinane eziguqulweyo, ezenzelwe abafundi kunye ezinxaxhileyo kuphuhliso engqondweni nasemzimbeni, amaziko ophuhliso umntwana, amaziko ezempilo, njalo njalo

Ikhonkco ephambili yaye eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule nkqubo imfundo jikelele okanye esikolweni. Oku kuquka eziziisekondari izikolo, lyceums, umthambo, izikolo kunye olunzulu ekufundeni iilwimi, ngokuhlwa izikolo, lyceums, zokubhoda, ezingenzelwanga kuphela uqeqesho, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuhlala abafundi, kwizikolo zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa, izikolo abantwana usesemva emva kuphuhliso lwengqondo nangokwasengqondweni, umculo nobugcisa zesikolo.

Ngu ezikhethekileyo eziziisekondari amaziko emfundo, njengoko umthetho, izikolo ezahlukeneyo alungiselela bafundi amakhono (ubucukubhede, abatyhidi) kunye neekholeji (zobugcisa) zomsebenzi. imfundo professional ePhakamileyo abo baphumeleleyo oqeqesho, iiyunivesithi kunye namaziko. Yaye kudla ngokwenzeka ukuba iziko lemfundo omnye yinxalenye komnye. Umzekelo, i-Institute njengenxalenye yale yunivesithi.

Iindlela ezikhoyo imfundo waya kwilizwe lethu zililifa evela eSoviet Union eyayikho ngaphambili. kanye Inkqubo yemfundo bekhulisa abantwana kumaziko ukumkani, waza kamva zinkulu ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kweyethu. Ngenxa Ukuwa kweUSSR ulutsha Russian kwafuneka ithuba lokuba bafunde phantse kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi, ngoxa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ikhona nje ezimbalwa, ingakumbi abantwana amagosa nelungelo. Kule mihla, ngethiyori, imfundo amashishini apho unako ukufumana nabani, ngelishwa, yonke into nakakhulu kakhulu practice. Imfundo kwiiyunivesithi zaseYurophu abakwazi ukuhlawula ummi avareji Russia.

inkqubo yemfundo US leyo yahluke ngokupheleleyo kweyethu. It has akukho isakhiwo esinye ezingundoqo, ngoko urhulumente ngalinye linelungelo ukulawula inkqubo yemfundo kwintsimi yayo ngokwengqiqo yalo.

Ngoko ke, iimbono imfundo US:

Nursery. Eli ziko kufuneka ukutyelela. It yenzelwe abantwana iminyaka 3-4 kwaye ibandakanya uqeqesho nolwazi olusisiseko yomntwana - intetho ekunene, ukubhala, arithmetic, ukuzoba.

Enkulisa. Kwi-US, abancinane eziguqulweyo, okanye njengoko zibizwa nazo - Iiklasi zokuzilungiselela ziyinxalenye kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Utyelelo lwabo Kunyanzelekile ukuba bonke abantwana iminyaka 5-6 ubudala.

School iyevakala. Ekupheleni umntwana iziko ufumana imfundo aphantsi okanye primary. Le nkqubo yokufunda ihlala iminyaka emi-5. Isikolo yokuqala American ineempawu. Ngoko ke, kuyo yonke le minyaka 5 yokufundisa abantwana libandakanyeka, njengokuba umthetho, ngutitshala oqeqeshiweyo. Ukubunjwa amagumbi okufundela ukuhlengahlengisa ngonyaka ngamnye ngaphandle kwe inani lilonke labafundi.

High School, apho kuyo abantwana kweminyaka 11-14, kubandakanya ukufunda izinto ezintsha, nganye anokufundiswa katitshala ngamnye. yinxenye enyanzelekileyo yenkqubo yoqeqesho kwizikolo zamabanga uqeqesho kwezemidlalo.

Isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo naso kubandakanya elivisayo zokufundisa iminyaka 14-18 ubudala. Emva kokugqitywa kwalo, abafundi bafumana imfundo aphakamileyo, ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukuqala umsebenzi.

ukubunjwa iintlobo ezifana oqeqeshiweyo, ngaphezulu (zidanga), isikolo owaphumelela, sobuGqirha ukuze zizakujongwa njengo nqanaba eyahlukileyo zoqeqesho. Ukufumana kubo kuyimfuneko kubantu abanqwenela ukuba zokudibanisa ubomi babo kunye nomthetho, amayeza, inzululwazi.

Ngophanya nje lweliso, kusenokubonakala ngathi eUnited States azijonga zemfundo iyantlukwano kakhulu. Nangona ngenene umahluko obalulekileyo kuphela amagama amaziko. Ngoko ke, ungakwazi ngokulula zifanisa phakathi zokukhulisa enkulisa Russian kwaye American, US leMfundo ePhakamileyo (zesidanga) kunye zingazaliswanga zonke ephakamileyo emfundo Russian.