System Bologna

inkqubo Bologna wakhawulwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela njengempendulo ezingoonombini ukuya jikelele wemfundo. Ngexesha ihlabathi sele kuchaziwe ukuba imiqathango okuyilwa indawo zemali, ezoqoqosho, yaye eYurophu kunye nepolitiki olunye, ngoko kukho imfuneko bobunye kwinkalo yemfundo.

Ukwahluka nokuqhekeka, ezahluke kwinkqubo yemfundo ephakamileyo, makhe ubunye omnye kwezahlulo yeHlabathi eNdala, kwaye umfuziselo Europe omtsha kucingelwa intshukumo unimpeded bobabini abasebenzi nemali eyinkunzi kunye iimpahla, nto leyo efunekayo uthelekiso kunye idiploma eqhelekileyo.

Kungenxa yoko le nkqubo Bologna yadalwa, phantsi kwayo ezo zinto zabuya nemigangatho isizukulwana esizayo emfundo ephakamileyo, ingakumbi ukuba uqeqesho level-mbini: in a isidanga kunye isidanga yenkosi.

Yiya kwikholeji kwi inkqubo enjalo, umfundi, wafundela ukuba izinyanga elinye okanye amabini kwelinye ilizwe liya kuba nako ukuqhubekeka nemfundo yabo ukuze baye komnye, futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imfundo yabo. Ukuze wenze oku, oko ezifunekayo updated iikhredithi scale eyodwa yaseYurophu. Kwaye ngoko umgangatho omnye yaqaliswa: "Iikhredithi" ngawo eqikelelwa ngesidanga ukuntsonkotha sifundo, kwaye isicelo, ekhutshwe yi idiploma, kunye, iinkcukacha imfundo uye wafumana. Nyaka ngamnye yesifundo ingqamana credits 60.

inkqubo Bologna kufuna emgangathweni ocacileyo onke amaxwebhu yomfundi ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye neqondo ulwazi. Kuyinto la manyathelo aya kuba nako ukunika yengqesho abemi baseYurophu, baye bafumana imfundo ephakamileyo, kwakunye ukwandisa ukhuphiswano labo kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba baccalaureate bafundi baya kuba uninzi lwabasebenzi kuluhlu olubanzi kwizinto zomsebenzi oqeqeshelweyo, kwaye owaphumelela - ziingcungcu ngokwasengqondweni, engumnini ulwazi emxinwa-iprofayili imisebenzi ethile. Ukongeza, inkqubo Bologna likuvumela ukuba ukudibanisa ulwazi. Umzekelo, ukuba umfundi abe Bachelor umsebenzi omnye, yaye isidanga zemastas kwamkela omnye ugqibezela de inkqubo kutshanje ihlawulwe abafumana kumiswa yesibini.

Bologna inkqubo yemfundo eRashiya usinike iinzuzo ezininzi ifutha ngokwakhayo kwinqanaba likazwelonke, ngamnye neyeziko. Namhlanje, ilizwe lethu, njengelungu epheleleyo inkqubo, inokuba nempembelelo esebenzayo ngaphezulu ekuqeqesheni kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yaseYurophu.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekileyo, okunyusileyo nayo inkqubo Bologna, Lelona laba yokuduma inkcubeko Russian. abantu Ngoku baninzi ngakumbi eYurophu babe nethuba lokufunda ulwimi Russian, ukuze uqhelane kunye izithethe zemfundo Russian ephakamileyo.

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, waphakamisa nodumo zamaziko emfundo Russian ephakamileyo, leyo ngoku baqinisekiswa ukuba athumele abafundi babo ukuba zesiqingatha sonyaka okanye unyaka wonke wezifundo ukufunda kwiiyunivesithi zaseYurophu, amaqabane, ndakumandisa nomtsalane yabo kubafundi.

Ukwalathisa abasebenzi yabo yokufundisa kumaziko angaphandle emfundo ekufundiseni, iiyunivesithi bakwazi ukuphucula ngokwenene izakhono zootitshala bazo.

kungekudala iza kwandiswa ngokubonakalayo kwaye umgangatho ubunini ootitshala bethu nabafundi iilwimi zasemzini, nto leyo eza kuvula kubo ukufikelela kwi nezokuqala kwaye idluliselwa iincwadi amazwe, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yobungcali, journalistic noncwadi.

Noko ke, ngokusayina Bologna Declaration ngo-2003, kwilizwe lethu uye wabuza inxaki yenzululwazi Russian kunye angaziwa ezininzi. Kwindawo yokuqala - kuba ukukwazi ukulondoloza izithethe edume ehlabathini lonke inzululwazi esisiseko zethu, size okwesibini, ukungaqiniseki malunga ezingalindelekanga kwi Bologna imodeli yemfundo abagqatswa, kwakunye uloyiko ukuba izidanga isidanga ngemihla yamva uya kuba yayigcinwa ukuzaliswa eziqhelekileyo ezinqabileyo izakhono zokusebenza namhlanje.