Iinzuzo iintsapho ezinkulu. Isisombululo kwingxaki kwinkqubo-sikhokelo yomthetho Russian

Kuwiso-mthetho Russian Federation, nisingasinga impumelelo nenkxaso kwiintsapho kunye nabantwana abaninzi, ingqikelelo "umama wabantwana abaninzi." UMama abantwana abaninzi kuthathwa ukuba ube nomfazi endlwini yakhe Bole unabantwana abathathu, ukuba kudlula kwiminyaka eli-18.

Kuyingenelo iintsapho ezinkulu zinikezelwa yi-Federal uMthetho N 81 "On izibonelelo State abemi nabantwana" ukususela kunyaka 19.05.95. Ngokutsho Inqaku 15 lomThetho ka kumama wabantwana abaninzi olunikiweyo uncedo lwemali kwi ngohlobo isibonelelo ngenyanga, ezihlawulelwa ixesha lekhefu lwabazali (efakwe umntwana kunye neminyaka enesiqingatha ukufezekisa). Le ncwadi has ixabiso siwenze kunye ixabiso wemivuzo elibekwe kwaye kwinqanaba mthetho. Kwi imali lesibonelelo aluchaphazeli inani labantwana wanyamekela ikhutshwa phandle.

Ukususela kwimihla yiSoviet Union zaye ngumthetho iinzuzo zomhlalaphantsi koomama kunye nobume enkulu. Oku kuqala kwenziwa emthethweni USSR of 14.07.1956 nyaka. Kulo mthetho Russian, le migangatho sele ziphuhlisiwe kwinqanaba le mithetho "Kwi State Pensions" yaye "kumhlalaphantsi labour". UMama abantwana abaninzi linelungelo yokuqeshwa kwabasebenzi pension eneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba abantwana baba ezintlanu okanye ngaphezulu, imfundo yabo ngqo kumama wabantwana abaninzi kufuneka bangenelele ukufikelela qho kwiminyaka esibhozo. ixesha-inshorensi kufuneka ube neminyaka eli-15 okanye ngaphezulu. Xa kungekho inkonzo eziyimfuneko wepenshini, yomhlalaphantsi sivunyiwe qho jikelele. Ngokwahlukeneyo, inika inzuzo kwiintsapho ezinkulu abahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Oomama zeentsapho ezinkulu, akuba wazala abantwana abahlanu uye nabo ukuya ubuncinane iminyaka esibhozo, umhlala eneminyaka engama-50.

Kungakhathaliseki ndawo apho unina wokuphila kwabantwana abaninzi, yena unikwe ilungelo yokusebenza, ngokubonelela ingqesho iveki nje iintsuku 2.5 okanye 2. Eli lungelo kunikwa ngokucelwa oomama abaninzi yaye kumGaqo nemithetho yabasebenzi.

Kunye neenzuzo kwiintsapho ezinkulu abahlala e Moscow, kuxhomekeke kubukho abantwana ngaphezu ezintathu. Ezi iintsapho zibhaliswe kwibhunga wesithili, amalungelo abo zingqinwa kunikezelo uchazo okhethekileyo intsapho enkulu. Apho ke, ungakhankanya yintoni iingenelo zibekwa iintsapho ezinkulu.

Uluhlu benefits iquka umdla simahla kwizithuthi zikawonke abantwana, unciphiso kwisixa ukuhlawulela zezindlu kunye neenkonzo zoluntu, ukubonelela ngokutya simahla kunye iiyunifomu, balinqabisa ilungelo nokwamkelwa yokuqala kokuya esikolweni, utyelelo wayencoma imiboniso, iimyuziyam.

Isihlabo esisingisele intlawulo yeenkonzo eluncedo iintsapho kunye nabantwana abathathu kwehle nge-30%, iinzuzo kwiintsapho ezinkulu nabantwana 4-6 ukuya kwi-50% of imbuyekezo, yaye intsapho kunye amatakane 7 sele ukufumana imbuyekezo ikhulu ekhulwini intlawulo. Iintsapho ezinkulu enikiweyo-50% - isaphulelo xa ubhatala ukuba ifowuni yakho. Xa iintsapho kunye nabantwana abahlanu ukubonelela imbuyekezo yokuhamba kwezothutho zoluntu kufuneka abazali.

Kunye zokwamkelwa umthetho Federal ngokubonelela iinzuzo kwiintsapho ezinkulu, yonke entsokothileyo amanyathelo inkxaso karhulumente sele ziphuhlisiwe kwaye zadityaniswa uxwebhu olunye. Ngokucacileyo kuchazwa okubonwa ugqibe intsapho enkulu, njengoko apho inani labantwana ngabantu abathathu, iminyaka yabo iminyaka engama-18 (kwezinye iimeko, eli nani lenyuswa laya iminyaka engama-23). Zihambisane nenkqubo yokubonelela benefits xa eshiya abazali ukuba umhlala phantsi.

Le akhuliswe uMthetho kunye nokhathalelo lwabantwana neentsapho ezinkulu ulinganiswa imisebenzi zonyango kunye nezemfundo, intlawulo kwabazali, ngokulandelelanayo, nto leyo enika inkathalo ngqo ebantwaneni. Imirhumo zenziwa de iminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu umntwana omncinane ubudala yaye amaholo.

Ingakumbi uMthetho owanikwa ukubeka ubonelelo benefit kwi ngokubonelela ngemali-mboleko yezindlu, eziluncedo, ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nemfundo.