Ikhefu Irhafu kumashishini amancinci

Inkqubo yerhafu belizwe lethu, njengayo nayiphi na, kuba inzima kakhulu. Kwaye enikelweyo kuphela ukuqokelela imali, kodwa kwakhona ukunika isiqabu yethutyana ezikhoyo ezincinane kwezoqoqosho. Indlela yokusebenza yaziwa nesiqabu serhafu koosomashishini amashishini amancinci. Yintoni na? Njengoko sele ukhutshiwe ngokusemthethweni? Kuba elide kangakanani? Yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo?

Yintoni holide kwerhafu amashishini amancinci?

Yintoni abamele? Phantsi iiholide irhafu bayaqonda eziluncedo ezithile ukuba amashishini, awathi kananjalo ngokuxhomekeka kwirhafu. Le ndlela iyaphunyezwa ukuxhasa icandelo labucala ukuba ivelisa iimpahla ambalwa.

semthethweni

ngeeholide rhafu ngokomthetho amashishini amancinci ziye ekhutshwa federal umthetho No. 477-FZ. Ithi ukuba ukususela 01.10.2015 kwaye ngo-2020 usomashishini osakhasayo abatsha ngamnye Ungathatha ingqalelo kubo. Kufuneka kwakhona wathi umthetho ngeeholide yerhafu akukho kuqaliswa qho mandatory kummandla we-Russian Federation. Uyatsho ukuba abasemagunyeni beli angene kubo nommandla wayo. Uluhlu kweendawo kunye nezinto apho izaphulelo ziye zaziswa ekupheleni kweli nqaku. Imiqathango yosetyenziso IP ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Umrhwebi ngamnye kufuneka zibhaliswe okokuqala ebomini bam. Kule sinokuqonda ukuba livale ishishini labo, uze kwakhona andiyi kuwavula.

2. Iinzuzo ufumana iinkalo ezintathu kuphela umsebenzi lemveliso:

• Scientific. Imisebenzi leyo equka ukuphuhliswa kwezakhiwo ezitsha, izixhobo okanye iimveliso.
• Social. Oku kuquka iinkampani ezisebenza kwinqanaba loluntu.
• Production. Phantsi kwale umgca ufumana ukuziphatha imisebenzi, nto leyo ikhokelele ukulungiselela ukuqaliswa kwemveliso, izinto zokwenza imveliso okanye iimveliso eziphantse-ogqityiweyo.

3. ngusomashishini ngamnye uya kufumana ngaphantsi kwe-70% yengeniso yabo kwimisebenzi ezihlawulelwayo kweholide werhafu.

Umda isicelo leeholide zerhafu

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, le holide irhafu kumashishini amancinci ingaqalwa kuphela ezintathu. Njengento yomthetho, ukuba zicaciswa gca ngokubanzi kakhulu. Ungaxinanisa phantsi yonke imithetho yengingqi umsebenzi, nto leyo emiselweyo ukuba data ixhomekeke yokuxolelwa. Kwakhona ngokunxulumene kwezi mpawu icace phandle ukuba practice kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo apho engcono Irhafu ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamashishini. Nesiqabu serhafu koosomashishini ngamnye ngokwahlukeneyo okanye ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke mmandla. Lo ngumba kunokuba ezingemnandi kule ezintsha.

Iimpawu unalo ithuba iinzuzo zerhafu

Izinga ukusuka zero ekhulwini esebenzayo ukususela 2015 ukuya ku-2020. Kodwa bambalwa ukwazi ngalo, kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezininzi ezisebenzayo:

1. Usomashishini entsha ovule le PI unako ukufumana ixesha leholide na ixesha elinye okanye amabini irhafu. Ngoko ke, kufuneka wenze isigqibo kwezinye: ixesha ukungahlawuli iirhafu ayikwazi ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini. Kulo mzekelo, ixesha irhafu alusoloko lingana nonyaka omnye. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukukhululwa yanikwa inkampani, ebhaliswe ngoMatshi 2016, oko kuya kwenza akuyi 365 imihla, kude kube sekuphelisweni kwephakade th-2016.
2. Kubalulekile nje kuphela ngexesha lobhaliso lweshishini, kodwa ixesha xa kwamkelwa umthetho lwengingqi.
3. Kuya kusebenza njani iholide irhafu yamashishini amancinane, ukusombulula abasemagunyeni, leyo ziphelela uluhlu ethile. Ubuncinane - elinye ixesha, ubuninzi - ezimbini.

Nguwuphi na kakade isebenze kwirhafu ukuba ishishini?

Ngoku ugqithele fun. Umthetho asibikho kwirhafu Fundisa yamashishini amancinane kwi Russian Federation. Ngoko ke, kuphela kwimimandla Ungaqalisa kubo. Okwangoku ke kwintsimi:

1. kummandla eChelyabinsk.
2. Khanty-Mansiysk ஜோடி isilungelelanisi.
3. kummandla Vladimir.

Njengoko ubona, hayi obukhulu kakhulu. Kwakhona, kweminye imimandla, izindululo ukwenziwa komthetho. Zezi:

1. indawo Arkhangelsk;
2. eMoscow;
3. indawo eMoscow;
4. Republic of Bashkortostan;
5. Yamalo-Nenets District Ukuzilawula;
6. indawo Krasnodar;
7. indawo Penza;
8. indawo Sverdlovsk;
9. indawo Saratov;
10. I aseStavropol Territory;
11. Region Maritime;
12. kummandla yaseTver.

Kukho sele imeko ilungile, kodwa kukho ezinye umahluko ngokwengingqi. Ngoko, kwi Territory Primorsky kuqwalaselwa kuphela "irhafu lula," kodwa akukho lizwi malunga amancedo patents. Ngelo xesha, kukho kuphela ulwahlulohlulo umgangatho kwimisebenzi kuwa phantsi komthetho. Ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba thelekisa ubone ukuba yintoni na ezikhoyo eMoscow. Kulo mzi koosomashishini kumisa ubuncinane kwizithintelo, ubuninzi ogqunywe iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi. Xa lento uyijonga, ikhefu irhafu koosomashishini ngamnye eMoscow babonakala ukuba nomtsalane kakhulu.

umkhuba International

Yaye yintoni eyenzekayo kule ndawo kubamelwane bethu okanye kumazwe angaphandle? Kufuneka wathi Russian Federation ungenise elinye igama yeeholide yerhafu yakutshanje. Umzekelo, eUkraine kangangeminyaka eliqela yeenzuzo ebanzi kwicandelo information technology. Yaye kumazwe afana eNorway, eUnited States, France, Germany kunye nezinye, le ndlela sele kuyinxalenye yentlanganisela ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho, esebenzisa apho iimeko uphuhliso kumacandelo athile. Kuyanceda ukuqinisekisa lula yokwenza ushishino xa kuthe lobunzima, ngokunjalo ukukhuthaza labantu ukuba babone IP entsha (yaye kamva, mhlawumbi, kunye nemibutho ezinkulu ezifana neenkampani, amashishini okanye kookopolotyeni). Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukubona ukuba ukusetyenziswa yeeholide zerhafu kunokuba lonke ixesha. Kwangaxeshanye, kwezinye iindawo zoqoqosho kunye norhulumente mali benikwe (merit study of Agriculture eFransi). Kodwa ke, ngenxa meko zoqoqosho ezinzima, phambi koku kude kangako.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, iikhredithi irhafu - sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu ukuba ekuqaleni ekufuneka isetyenziswe kwilizwe lethu. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho umnqweno ukwenza into zabo ngomlinganiselo encinane, kuyimfuneko ukufunda imiba yoshishino ngamnye ngokweenkcukacha, uze phambili ekubeni injongo yayo. Eneneni, banikwe oovimba ngonaphakade nokunciphisa likarhulumente, kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba esi senzo sobubele kuphela anokurhoxiswa kwiminyaka embalwa.