Iifrigate "Admiral Gorshkov" Project 22350

Navy - iqashiso kuphela bakumazwe asele eqhubele phambili emkhosini kwezoqoqosho. Unakho ukuthenga inqanawa, kodwa ukwenza yonke iziseko akuyomfuneko ukuba aphumelele. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba urhulumente koshishino imikhumbi ukuba kwilizwe lethu ukuba yokudakumba zinzulu emikhumbi: iinqanawa abatsha eningayakhanga, endala ngcembe ukuphuhlisa resource. Ngethamsanqa, le meko ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukuphucula. Yokuqinisekisa ezibonwayo - Iifrigate "Admiral Gorshkov".

It laphehlelelwa ngo-Oktobha 29, 2010. Esi siganeko ngokukhethekileyo ukuba nje kuphela inqanawa wokuqala Usungulo emva Union, kodwa umzekelo yokuqala elolu hlobo bugcisa, leyo eyenzelwe "ekuqaleni", ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa iziganeko Soviet.

Malunga kwimbali

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba lizwe imali nokusasazwa inkqubo yokwakha entsha, lenziwe phantsi ngomhla iprojekthi ngwenya 955, 885 no 667. Kungekudala ibilithuba leenqanawa kumphezulu. iifrigate New "Admiral Gorshkov" Project 22350 wadalwa ziingcali KB "North". umyili Oyintloko prowujekthi P.M.Shrayko. Bookmark inqanawa kwenzeka ngo-2006. Njengoko kwakulindelekile, awahlali yokuqala Project 22350 wazihlaziya wazakha ixesha elide njongo, kodwa abaziinkunkqele ndikwazile ukugcina ixesha elifanelekileyo, nakuba zonke iingxaki.

design nqanawa entsha sadalwa kwaye samkelwa ngo-2003. Xa, ngo-2005, ekwakhiweni kwayo yabhengezwa ithenda kawonke, wafumana igcisa nje ezintathu ezinkulu owayeza njengayo ukuya kudla loo kakhulu akukho okhuphisana got, "Severnaya Verf", "evuthiweyo" yaye "Sevmash". Ekugqibeleni, ilungelo ukwakha ilondoloze eSt Petersburg, "Severnaya Verf". Amava abonisa ukuba isigqibo esifanelekileyo.

Ukubaluleka Project 22350 iinqanawa nezokhuselo lwelizwe

It libe igama akumangalisi ukuba unxweme eli lizwe iphawulwa njengoko ubude, yaye balo mmandla nzima. Ingxaki zithuthi yethu yokuba ibandakanya isethi iinqanawa ngokuziphatha ngendlela lixesha, nto leyo kwimeko yahlasela enokubakho utshaba nje akukho ukukhusela indawo enkulu kangaka, okanye ngokuqhelekileyo ziyasebenzisana kunye namanye amasebe Russian lwaphela. Iifrigate "Admiral Gorshkov" kolu lwazi, i kwindawo luncedo, kuba multi-injongo yokulwa unit.

Ngenxa yoko, iRussia ngexesha elifutshane kuyimfuneko ukuthoba amanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka iinqanawa mihla le Coast Guard, ezo baxhotyiswa ngempumelelo SAM kunye RCC. Oku kuya kunceda ukwakha Coast wokhuselo eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuba ukusebenzisa imizekelo izixhobo ezixabisa kakhulu. Ngendlela efanayo eUnited States namhlanje. Inkokheli yombutho yelizwe njengoko ixesha lujolise nokwakhiwa inani elikhulu iinqanawa azibizi kwaye esebenza; eyenzelwe ukukhusela amanzi onxweme.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Black Sea Fleet ngokukhethekileyo ezifunekayo kuzo. Into yokuba lo qela lethu kukuba kumgama enkulu kwezinye, loo ekulweni. Ebudeni 'ulawulo' of Ukraine lizwe iCrimea, akukho phantse akukho iinkqubo moya wokhuselo eqhelekileyo kunye imizili zokhuselo. Yaye abo kusekho akukho ndlela ngempumelelo Isihlangu nxamnye kunokwenzeka ummandla eseleyo ugwayimbo yotshaba. Le kuphela inqanawa ngaphezulu okanye liyangqinelana kangako flagship kweprojekthi Sea Black Fleet, GvRKr 1164,5 "eMoscow". Nje ukuba yena mnye, ngokunjalo ngokucacileyo naye ekulweni inkqubo isithuthi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zale mihla.

Yaqala inkqubo S-300F "Fort", nto leyo enobunye ngokupheleleyo i "umhlaba" anti-moya enomjukujelwa esimbaxa S-300PS. Ubude liphezulu ekujoliswe embetha - up ayi-27. Kwangaxeshanye, ungakwazi thatha ukuya kwiithagethi emoyeni ezintandathu kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-90. Njengoko ubona, akukho nto ebalaseleyo, imikhosi yethu umoya esemqoka kule kummandla entsha Federation ayikwazi ndiqhayise. Yaba ukulungisa le meko waqala ukwakha olunzulu uhlobo olutsha iinqanawa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, yaye omnye onomtsalane nje awahlali efanayo 22350 yeprojekthi "Admiral Gorshkov".

Otherness

Inqanawa ulungile kuba ilungiselelwe ukusebenza zombini le kusuhi na ummandla ulwandle kude, kwakunye ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokulwa kokusingqongileyo yolwandle. Ukubana - malunga 4,500 iitoni, wobude - hayi ngaphantsi kwe-130 m, ububanzi igobhogobho kwenyeindawo libanzi - iimitha ezili-16. Ubude ikhosi - bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amane eemayile elwandle, ixesha yeNavigeyishini ayikho kangako. Ukongeza zokudubula kunye enomjukujelwa izixhobo ezinamandla, kukho iqonga zokwamkelwa zilwe ihelikopta (Ka-28).

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, awahlali "Gorshkov" ukhetheke oko ngaphantsi kwe-30% technology entsha ngokupheleleyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwayo. Lokukhuphisana baseMerika, zefula superstructure kunye wheelhouse wadala kwezobuchwepheshe "banyebeleza" enika ukusasazeka kakhulu kwamaza radar, ukuqinisekisa iqondo eliphezulu kuyimfihlo nqanawa. Akumangalisi ke, ngesidanga emfihlekweni kuyilo yayo "kwinqanaba", malunga ukuvela "Admiral" wayesaziwa kuphela abayili kunye abaziinkunkqele. Lo matshini akazange avuza ukuya ngokubhengezwa.

kwezikhali emoyeni

Iifrigate "Admiral Gorshkov" (photo 2014 obukholisayo) eqhuba kwibhodi inkqubo yokulwa umxhelo. Oku kuquka yonke ibhetri ye imijukujelwa anti-nqanawa ( "ingcongconi"), kunye zizicatshulwa nompu entabeni ye-130 mm (izinga kwemijikelo 30 ngomzuzu), kwaye anti-enomjukujelwa enomjukujelwa ibhetri kunye anti-complex. Ngaloo ndlela, a awahlali lwe 22350 yeprojekthi "Admiral Gorshkov" iyahluka enomtsalane akhuselwe kwaye uyakwazi ukumelana ngokwabo kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

ASW ukhuseleko umkhumbi

ASW iqulathe iingalo ukusuka izakhiwo ukuqala ezimbini Medvedka-2. Bona ise indawo ephakathi enqanaweni. umndululi ngalinye ityala imijukujelwa ezine isikhokelo esebenzayo. Kuba ekufumanekeni leenqanawa lutshaba inkqubo inkwili sonar iphendula "Zarya-M." Kamva sihlelwe ukuze ufakele olu hlobo sezitishini analog yayo phambili, "vignette-M."

Ubume zezi zixhobo luquka antenna bhetyebhetye (GPBA) kunye samaza leyo ukunika ubhaqo ngempumelelo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezisezantsi-ingxolo sizukulwana yokugqibela. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le nkqubo inye ngempumelelo qondile torpedoes kunye neenqanawa umphezulu utshaba kumgama km 60. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba wakhuphe awahlali "Admiral Gorshkov", esebenzisa ukuhlaselwa inomzimba yesiqhelo phantse nzima.

Ukukhusela ukundiza zomkhosi

Eyona nto iyimbalasane yokwenene inqanawa kukumisela 3S14U1 (UKSK). Kakade umjukujelwa. Le complex elikhethekileyo "zezitya" yayo: ukuba nanini na ixesha iimbumbulu, ebangela kwakhona inqanawa iinkcukacha iya kutshintsha. Kwakhona, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo iimpawu anti-moya, "Rif-M." Ndixelele ukuba eendaba nto ibizwa ngokuba 'Poliment-Redoute. "

Ziyinyaniso Abanye yokusebenza encomekayo live "Reef" akukho ezahlukeneyo, kodwa nobunye ngokupheleleyo ilizwe "Vityaz". Kakade ke, oko esandleni njengomatiloshe, nomhlaba 'asebenza' njengoko zimbumbulu agcwalisiwe phantse naphi na kukho umoya yokuzikhusela. Ukuze ukuba ushiye iintshaba eziphaphazelayo akukho thuba, inqanawa iphinde ifakelwe uhlobo olutsha radar, ebonakala yokusebenza eziphakamileyo iindawo ekufumanekeni moya yokuqala.

Lijongene nje uluhlu ngezigaba ezine (AESA) "Poliment". Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ngeenqanawa elizayo lolu hlobo iya kumiselwa inkqubo yolawulo lomlilo enye, kwakunye ukufakelwa A-192 kunye Zach "Broadsword." By the ukuthetha ngendlela, elidlulileyo sele ifakiwe kwi awahlali "Admiral Gorshkov" (eye ifoto kweli nqaku). msebenzi wabo ukukhusela abasebenzi ekwinqwelo Ka-28 xa uthatha off and kokwehla. Zonke izinto yokulwa asebenza ejikeleza enye, ekukhuseleni oluthembekileyo oluvela awahlali ekulweni moya kunye ntaka.

Umphathi wesekethe zokhuselo zingahamba kwenye "Indlela" ukufaka kwaye ikhokelele nangoko-16 izinto eziphaphazelayo. Ingakumbi xa ngokudubula iimbalelwano - up ngexabiso enye ngomzuzwana. Nokuba umntu uya kukwazi ukuba atyhudise 22350 awahlali "Admiral Gorshkov" uya phantse ngokuqinisekileyo amlahle ngaphandle kweenkqubo zokudubula. Indibaniso oluzenzekelayo umpu bodidi 130 mm kunye nenkqubo ukhokelo oluzenzekelayo - into embi. Musa ukulibala malunga enamandla kwi-ibhodi imfazwe elektroniki, onako ukucinezela phantse ngokupheleleyo inkqubo ekhokelwa khompyutha imijukujelwa yotshaba. Oku kwandisa kakhulu nje neqondo lokhuselo "Admiral", kodwa unako ukunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo kwi abasebenzi kwimeko yokulwa.

Kwaye phezu kwezikhali anti-moya

Hayi kudala oko kwazeka ukuba MNIIRE "Altair" iphantsi indlela ukuphuhlisa inkqubo entsha amancinci-ertyisi, eyenzelwe ukukhusela iinqanawa kunye ukubana ka-1000 ukuya kwizigidi 4,5 yeetoni. New gun anti-moya ziya kusekelwa kakuhle nezingqinekayo SAM "Rif-M." Kucingelwa ukuba uza kusebenzisa 9M96E imijukujelwa, homing ezahlukeneyo asebenzayo kunye nenkqubo yokutshixa ekujoliswe inertial. Le indibanisela yale nkqubo iza kudala isixhobo emangalisa ngokwenene, ekwaziyo ukuba ganga ngoku moya-moya kunye namathuba ephakamileyo ukusilela.

Oku kwahlukile kontanga yayo awahlali "Admiral Gorshkov". Iifoto wenqanawa uyakwazi nangoko kungqineka kwiingcaphephe ukuba liyakwazi ukumelana ngokulula uninzi yokulwa moya mhlawumbi umdlali welinye iqela.

isityalo amandla

Ngokubanzi, akumangalisi: isityalo idizili yerhasi, ogama umthamo malunga 65 000 hp Oku kunxulumene CODAG uhlobo diesel injini ngokwayo ukuba yeyosapho-DGTA M55MR (zonke izindlu enye). Le isisombululo kuyilo eye wavumela ukuba zizidibanise zombini amandla eliphezulu ubuninzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle xa uqhuba ngesantya esisezantsi (izilingo elwandle awahlali "Admiral Gorshkov" iboniswa ngokucacileyo).

iyunithi Gas-injini ibekwe kwi gumbi phambili, i-diesel ngokwemveli ibekwe nangasemva.

Inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ukufakwa diesel

Umenzi diesel sokukhokhela 10D49 yi Kolomna mveliso. Igunya nganye ka 3825 kW (5200 hp), ke ezenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo. Kwi nganye - isantya-ezimbini zokunciphisa nezixhobo, nenoxanduva ukusebenza eyahlukileyo okanye elidityanelweyo iinjini ezimbini. Okokugqibela, kukho inkqubo yolawulo wendawo. Ngokwabo turbines negesi, injini yerhasi M90FR, eyenzelwe ziinkampani ezimbini ezaziwa - NPO "uSaturn" kunye NPP "Dawn - Mashproekt".

Ngaphandle kwezi iinkampani ukuba akunakwenzeka ngokwalo awahlali "Admiral Gorshkov". 2014 zabonisa ukuba ulawulo lwezithuthi unombulelo kakhulu kubo, njengoko zombini ezi nkampani bafumana izivumelwano urhulumente onesisa. Kuyathenjwa ukuba into entle kuya kuqhubeka kwixesha elizayo.

Kuphela diesel omnye powerplant inqanawa iya kukhupha nangoko 10400 HP, leyo kuba ngokwaneleyo ukuze ayichithe ukuya ku 10-13 amaqhina. Ukuba zombini diesels umsebenzi namandla turbine ikhula ekunene ukuya ku 64800 HP, kangangokuba kumatshini ukubana amawaka amane neetoni ibalekisa ukuya amaqhina-30. Oko siye idweliswe iinkcukacha ezinjalo? Ucinga ntoni, ukusebenza kutheni loo nqanawa basafunda ayizange isetyenziswe imikhombe fleet Soviet? Yinto elula: akukho mntu wayefuna ukuba athathe uxanduva njengoko uphuhliso kwinkqubo. System ekufuneka yomelela nje kuphela, kodwa uthembeke kakhulu.

Kule ndawo, Abakhi Russian bakwazi ukufumana ngeenxa oogxa babo eSoviet tsakisaka, ekubeni inqanawa "Admiral Gorshkov" - i yokwenene "owamazibulo" of Abakhi post-eSoviet. Kule uyafana T-50 salowo. Lo moya ikwayilelwe "ukususela ekuqaleni" lo developers Russian.

ezinye iziphumo

Ukuthetha ngokubanzi, i "Admiral Gorshkov" - a awahlali, ngeendlela ezininzi imele ngokuqhelekileyo yesikolo imikhumbi eSoviet-Russian. Noko ke, okokuqala kwimbali izithuthi zethu phezu imijukujelwa sikhephe kumphezulu obekwe kwimigodi. By the ukuthetha ngendlela, "oogxa" wethu American kudala wakubona kufanelekile ukuba nje kubekwa hlobo izixhobo, njengoko Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba kupheliswe "zoo" Useto ukubaleka, oko luphawu kangaka Soviet Navy. Oku kuya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko nokusebenza iinqanawa, njengoko kufuneka ukuba ukupheka iingcali ngaphantsi kakhulu.

Yeha, Navy Russian de 2010 akazange abe lokumanywa kweli candelo. Ngaphezu koko, ngalinye (!) Inkqubo Missile waba isicelo yayo ezithile. Into yokugqibela phantse faka isiphelo ingcamango ekudaleni iinqanawa ezininzi. Ukuba ishishini lethu imikhumbi kuya indlela kwavula nqanawa "Admiral Gorshkov", imikhumbi ekugqibeleni ufumane izixhobo jikelele ngokwenene, bhetyebhetye namandla, nto leyo zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kulo lonke unxweme Russian.

Ngenxa yoko i "Admiral Gorshkov" ixesha elide ngoko ke kwangena kwinkqubo?

Eyona ngxaki inkulu, ngenxa apho rhoqo kwafuneka elinye, ungonakalisa yaba ithuba iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ewe, lo Cruiser "Admiral Gorshkov" wakha St. Petersburg zalapho, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zonke izixhobo, radar kunye neenkqubo umsindo kwamanzi zibonelela iikontraka ezahlukeneyo kakhulu! On kubo kulele isabelo ingonyama ngayo uxanduva Ukuhlehliswa unikezelo awahlali. Ngokukodwa, iingxaki ezininzi bazisa iinkqubo SAM kunye umsindo kwamanzi. Ukongeza, ngokuphinda-phinda ulitshitshisile unikezelo yeekhomponenti kwinkqubo zokudubula entsha, ngaphandle apho pr awahlali. 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov" encinane koko mkhulu imikhombe kwiklasi enye.

Njengoko yasekhaya Admiralty elisombulula ingxaki yokungabikho iinqanawa?

Enyanisweni, kukho isigqibo esifanelekileyo, nto leyo ngoku isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Sithetha i "ukuvelisa" ungxamisekileyo imikhombe, kudlale indima yokuba zinendawo kwebhola. Ekubeni ngeli xesha iprojekthi 22350 frigates nakhelwe ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, kwagqitywa ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa izithuthi atshiphu, ubandakanyeka 11356 (ezintandathu kubo abeyiqwebile India). Nangona ubunye yayo, ziya kusetyenziswa ngo-mabutho ezahlukeneyo. Ngelishwa, yenza ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle ukudideka kwi nokuhlelwa akangekhe ngoku. Le intuthuzelo kuphela kukuba akusayi kuba edidayo njengokuba ebudeni bexesha Union.

Ukuba ivavanye frigates ukulungela Project 22350 eyenzelwe sase- i-Black Sea Fleet, kufuneka kuthiwa elandelayo. Zonke bekumele ukuqalisa iinqanawa ezintandathu. Iifrigate "Admiral Grigorovich," kulindeleke ukuba ukusebenza malunga kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wama-2015. "Mzalwana," wakhe "Admiral Essen" iqala ukuba ukuhlola amanzi oLwandle Omnyama ngo-2016. Inqanawa "Admiral Makarov" akunakwenzeka ukuba ukulungele phambi 2017.

Kwanokuba uthathe ingqalelo silwazile kukulinyusa inkcitho karhulumente yokwakha kunye ukulayisha kwamashishini industrial kwi eCrimea, kwakhona weenqanawa iingozi ilibazisekile kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, awahlali "Admiral Gorshkov", apho iimvavanyo zibonise iziphumo ezihamba iinkalo ezininzi enye ebifanele nje. Umntu nethemba kuphela ukuba ishishini zasekhaya ziya ukugcina le umfutho.

isiphelo

Enoba oko, ukwakhiwa awahlali "Admiral Gorshkov" ubonisa ngokucacileyo uxinzelelo elibukhali kushishino lwethu imikhumbi. Ungaze ukususela 1990, imikhumbi akazange ukufumana iinqanawa ezininzi ezintsha. Yiloo kuphela ngenxa breakdowns rhoqo Navy unikezelo ufumana ngaphezulu uhlobo frigates efanayo, nto leyo ngokufuthi zingasetyenziswa kuphela zinendawo kwebhola. Njengoko unokuthelekelela, akukho le meko elungileyo kakhulu ukuba nako ukuziphendulela yeli lizwe.

Kwezinye iinkalo ityala ngenxa yoku, kunye nabezomkhosi ngokwayo, nto leyo usoloko ekulungele ukubonelela abenzi ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokweenkcukacha TOR. Ukongeza, naxa zenziwa ukwakhiwa awahlali "Admiral Gorshkov", kaninzi yenza utshintsho ukubonakala kwaso, ukuba ababengathanga kuzimbi amazwe unako. Kukho kwakhona ngumba uyilo ezintsha eziveziweyo kwiiklasi ezintsha imikhombe, nje abangakhange wadala izixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Akramnceleyo kubo "kubhabho 'nje kukhokelela ekwandeni kakhulu kwamaxabiso yokwakha, kodwa ukuze wolule nemihla ukuba izixa ngokugqithisileyo.

Ukusuka efektri ukuya iiprojekthi lwesikhululo wadlulisela ngaphandle kokudlula isixa esikhulu se tape ebomvu. Ukubeka up izixhobo, iinkqubo kunye neeprojekthi ukulingana awohluke of zalapho nganye kwenziwa phantse kwimo yokusebenza ngesandla. Imeko manyala ingakumbi wePasifiki Fleet, apho shipyards okanye egqibela konke, okanye bona, kodwa mayixhotyiswe kudala izixhobo esingasebenzi yokuziphatha kunye nobugcisa, nto leyo nje ukuba ayifanelekile frigates mihla. Wokuhlangana zonke ezi ngxaki ekuhambeni kwexesha, kungakhokelela ekubeni imiphumo ebuhlungu kakhulu.

Enyanisweni, kukho ngaphezulu iindaba ezilungileyo. Ngoko ke, izohlwayo Koloni aliyi kufuneka ukuba baphinde-fleet akukho isiphumo, kuba ulwakhiwo iinqanawa usebenzisa iteknoloji zasekhaya kuphela. Kakade ke, intsingiselo kwezisombululo ezithile zobugcisa nako ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi, kodwa olu khetho phantse yenzeka kwi ngokukhanya ezikhoyo ngoku yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle. Enoba oko, kodwa Cruiser "Admiral Gorshkov" - nokuzingca okukuko kushishino lwethu imikhumbi.