Ngubani na isikhulu Kudeyar? Imbali, legend, iimbekiselo kwiincwadi

Kakhulu a popular kwimbali lenqaba lwemveli waba Ataman Kudeyar. Amavo ngaye zaziwa kwiindawo ezininzi engundoqo kunye nakumazantsi eRashiya. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha ngakumbi ezinye iimbekiselo amahle ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwimbali, amabali kunye neencwadi yale inkokeli.

Imvelaphi yegama Kudeyar

Imihla ngqo yobomi Ataman Kudeyar akukho mntu uthi, kodwa kucingelwa ukuba wayephila kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo imibono ngokuthi ngemvelaphi yegama wamaPersi Khudoyar elithetha "abaziintanda zikaThixo", okanye Kudeyar, amaxesha amaninzi, engayinikwanga Tatar imvelaphi. ENtshona Koloni kwaye central Russia ligama yaba intsingiselo eyahlukileyo - i wizard zinamandla.

Kangangexesha elide igama lakhe Kudeyar ezifumaneka kumaphondo ezininzi ezifana Voronezh, eKharkov, Tula, ukulungela ukusebenza kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kamva, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba ukuthandwa kwifani Kudeyarov.

Igama isikhulu Kudeyar wafumana nje kuphela kwilivo. Kukho imizekelo ezibhekisela kulo kwimbali:

• Osesikhundleni Markov ubudala, oyinzalelwane Kursk waba Kilderyar Ivanovic, ogama olufinyeziweyo ngokuba Kudeyarov.
• Kwezinye amaxwebhu zembali ezikhankanywe mhlaba ekuqaleni ukusuka arzamasa, leyo wayizalela igama Kudeyar Chufarov.
• Siyazi igama Moscow Cossack Karachaeva Kudeyar.
• Kudla kukhankanyiwe yeziKronike Prince Meshchersky Kudeyar Ivanovich.
• Kukho iingxelo malunga abancethezi, wabalekela eCrimea, egameni Kudeyar Tishenkov, ekuqaleni ukusuka Belevsky izinduna. Abantu abaninzi uhlanganise eli nani nembali ethile yelo kunye nomfanekiso yinkokeli.

Ataman ekuzichongeleni nesikhulu kaYuri

Kukho iintsomi eziliqela, nto leyo ithi kukho ukufana phakathi isikhulu Kudeyarov kunye uYuri Vasilievich, nyana Solomonii Saburovoy kunye Vasily III. Kuyenzeka ukuqaqambisa ezinye zazo:

1. Legend inzalelwane Saratov, leyo isixelela ukuba Ivan i esibi, ngaphambi kokuba aye ekulweni e Kazan, wemka eMoscow-ntle Kudeyarov. Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba Kazan mthetho bobuxoki, wenza okuyalela xa kungekho nokumkani Kudeyar V. sabele kaNondyebo kaRhulumente, basinda isohlwayo.
2. Simbirskaya legend ithi uYuri Kudeyar wabizelwa Kazan ukuba abulawe ezandleni Ivan labangcangcazelisi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ukwazi kwangaphambili malunga neenjongo bokumkani, uYuri wathabatha kwizikhundla ngoyaba kwi iVolga, e-Krotkovskogo mzi.
3. Eyaziwa legend ukuba tsar Ivan Grozny nangoku badibana uYuri e Kazan ayingqinga, kwaye, yena, babaleka umlawuli ukuya kwelingasentla apho lizwe.
4. Kursk Legend iye ukuba eGeorge yathinjwa AmaTatar, ababefuna ukufumana intlawulelo evela ukumkani. Xa behluleke, mna mbanjwa sathunyelwa umkhosi imfazwe ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi asebukhosini. Noko ke, le mbono yaba kuphumelele, ngoko uYuri wahlala kumazwe Russian, apho benza exhakamfuliweyo.
5. Suzdal legend, phezu koko, utsho isiphelo Kudeyarov Vasilyevich union ngokuzithandela kunye Tartars, injongo yayo ukuzuza itrone. Nangona kunjalo, nje unya olwenziwa yi-Tartars, waba phezu wawalwela ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe.

Zonke amavo njenge Ataman, yaye malunga uYuri Kudeyar zibonisa ewolo yakhe lokhokho, nto leyo ebonakaliswa yokuphuma okanye ukweqa kutshaba.

Amanye amabali malunga ngemvelaphi Kudeyar

Kukho ezininzi amabali malunga ngemvelaphi Ataman Kudeyar:

• Ngokutsho yemihla Voronezh, Kudeyar wayengumqokeleli werafu e Khan. Ngenye imini, Ibekwe yokuhlala Russian, wagqiba ekubeni abuyele kwirhuluneli, kuhlala kweli lizwe Voronezh, kwahlanganisana abantu abanazo yaye baqhubeka ubomi yokuphanga. Kungekudala wamthanda nentombazana Slavic, laxhwilwa wakhe wenza ngumkakhe.

• Kwidolophana Loch akholelwa nebali Kudeyar namnye ngaphandle umninawa ka-Ivan labangcangcazelisi. I noMlawuli wagqiba kwelokuba ambulale, ekholelwa loo marhe ukuba xa ekhula, bekuya ukuphucwa kwetrone esemthethweni. Noko ke, abakhonzi uwuphikisile kwemiyalelo kakumkani waza wabalekela isikhulu, owathi kamva waguquka ku Islam waza igama Kudeyarov.
• Kukho banentsomi yokuba wayengunyana ka Kudeyar Zhigmonta beautor, owazalwa phambi kokuba isibhengezo umalume wakhe, uKumkani Poland. Wagidima waya Cossacks ye Dnieper River, yaye kamva wangena inkonzo Ivanu Groznomu, kodwa emva kokuba opals yasebukhosini zabaleka waya ubomi yokuphanga.
• E Ryazan, kukho uluvo ukuba somfundisi Kudeyar ngubani abarhwebi hayi kuphela ophangiweyo ukusuka eMoscow, kodwa ezabiwe imfuyo balapho.
• In the Oryol kwiphondo isikhulu kubekwe umoya ongcolileyo, usigcinela ubuncwane bakhe.

Njengoko inani elikhulu kwimithombo, zahlukile enye kwenye, nto kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukunika inkcazelo echanileyo Ataman Kudeyar.

Amavo lomqolomba Kudeyar

Kangangexesha elide, abazingeli abaninzi ubutyebi baye bazama ukufumana ubutyebi umphangi Kudeyar malunga apho amavo ezininzi. NGO lonke zatsho phantsi. -Ngqangi emininzi yamandulo ichaza imizi apho Ataman abaphangi Kudeyar wafihla-chola amaxhoba. Uninzi lwezi ndawo ezikhankanywe kummandla Voronezh. Ngokutsho kwezinye amabali, emahlathini ka Bryansk kukho iindawo apho ubutyebi ifihlakele, yaye ebusuku ukusuka yamatye amatye uyakwazi ukubona ukukhanya, yaye maxa wambi uve ikhala.

Kudeyarova umqolomba uchazwa njengendawo apho kugcinwa kuphela chola amaxhoba, kodwa isikhulu ngokwakhe babehlala kwiikota zodidi izixhobo. Mandulo, apho lalikhona umqolomba sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo yehlathi. Okulandelayo kuso enye intaba - Karaulnaya apho abalindi onogada esisihange. Around kule ndawo wemba emhadini, indawo yokuhlala kunye nokukhusela abemi balo bangaphandle. Ngelo xesha xa Kudeyar washiya yokusabela kwakhe ukufuna ingeniso entsha, walutshixa onke amagumbi kunye nomnyango umqolomba zigcwaliswe kunye ngamatye. Kukholelwa ukuba umoya isikhulu kwaye dogging ubutyebi bakhe ezininzi ebantwini. Abanye banoluvo lokuba Kudeyar ngenxa ubuchule imilingo kwaye uyaphila namhlanje.

Kukho enye inguqulo welivo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, bonke ubuncwane bakhe kukhafula esweni kwabantu iminyaka 200. Igama elithi yale eside, nokuba ukufumana ubuncwane kufuneka inani elingumnqakathi labantu. Emva kokuba Ndagqobhoza, ukuba ukuvula iqhaga kufuneka usebenzise isitshixo egolide, awanenzelayo zigcinwe entwasahlobo Sims. Yifumane akunjalo lula, oko kwenza kuphela lowo ngebheyile umthombo okanye ukufumana amanzi avela Dinner Lake, indawo apho mntu owaziyo.

Umfanekiso ebumbeneyo umphangi

Ngumfanekiso Prince George, lowo abaninzi cinga Kudeyarov osisigwinta, imbali lwembumba kuquka iinkcukacha zomntu kanye ekwakusenziwa yabantu kodwa eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokutsho iziphumo Kudeyar igama bantu ithe fithi igama indlu. It evelele zonke abaphangi ezikhoyo. Biza le umlinganiswa evumelana umlando akwenzeki ngenxa yokungabikho kobungqina ukuxhasa likhona ngokwenene.

Ngokutsho ushicilelo olwenziwe kwiphondo Saratov, Kudeyar ivela Tatar, ngubani owaziyo ulwimi Russian kwaye ukukhula noko eliphezulu kunye nenkangeleko bestial. Kwakhona, iintsomi ezininzi abamba izakhono le zomlinganiswa, zobugqi, nto leyo yanceda naye ukuphanga kunye bazifihla abanisukelayo bakhe.

Kwezinye ngqangi ataman chernokury ichazwa njengokuba nephuku oyindoda ngokukhawuleza wobulali yaye lawuleki, nto leyo kweli tyala kwakhona wamnikela Cossack. Naye, ngokutsho kwezinye iintsomi kubonakala umfanekiso ezahlukeneyo - indoda ubuhle, kungani yobuqhawe, ekrelekrele, kukho ubuthathaka ngenxa amantombazana.

Ngokubanzi, kukho imifanekiso ezininzi Kudeyar ngokusekelwe amavo yamandulo. Abanye bathi ubomi bakhe kubamba ngenkohlakalo, abanye bakholelwa ukuba isikhulu Kudeyar wasembewini yookumkani ndazimela ingqumbo yobulungisa kukumkani. Kwakhona, kukho imbono ukuba i bhedengu othe wazenza umfo wegazi lobukhosi.

Iimbekiselo umlinganiswa umsebenzi Nekrasov

Ataman Kudeyar Nekrasov Z kaThixo, umbhali omkhulu Russian, eyafakwa "Ngubani Ubomi Well eRashiya", kwisahluko osihloko sithi "itheko". Umgca wokugqibela esi sahluko kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ushicilelo, njengoko kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zetekisi:

• Ngqangi ngowe-1876 ukuze imagazini "Amanqaku iLizwe loobawo" kwaye kuhlolwa ezingqondweni nakubuchule ezenziwe ngokusekelwe lombhalo wesandla. Enye incwadi esikiwe kweli phephancwadi yanikezelwa ngo-1881.
• iincwadi mthethweni Petersburg yoshicilelo freestyle wakhululwa ngowe-1879. olu khetho ifakiwe ukuqokelela imisebenzi yombhali.

Kulo msebenzi, Ataman Kudeyar ubhalo - banentsomi oxelela Ionushka. Ibali bakhe kuxelelwa ngayo indoda lyutom abo baguqukayo kwizono azenzileyo, baqala ubomi yodwa. Noko ke, yena akafuni ukufumana indawo elilelakhe, kwaye xa yena ungowasemzini, oxelela njani isela ukuba uxolo. Ukuze wenze oku, Wayixakaxa oki yamandulo ngaloo isixhobo ukuba kwabulawa abantu abamsulwa. Kuba umsebenzi kwathabatha iminyaka, kodwa wawa umthi nje emva kokubulawa Mr Glukhov.

e Ataman Kudeyar bantu besondela kwi "Ngubani Ubomi Well eRashiya" yaba kancinci. Le mveliso iboniswe iinombolo zabo. Kulo mbongo ithi ngayo: "Gilot abaphangi elinambini, waphila Kudeyar-isikhulu." Xa Kudeyar wagqiba izono otmolit uguquke, yena asindululayo nabantu bakhe phezu isonka free.

Izalathiso ngemisebenzi kwabanye ababhali

umfanekiso Ataman Kudeyar ekhoyo nje kuphela imisebenzi Nekrasov. Ukuphawulwa layo yamaRoma Kostomarov "Kudeyar" kunye "Uthando lokugqibela Kudeyar" esichazwe Navrotsky.

Ngo Kostomarov kwimveliso unalo kukhankanywa ilivo ngemvelaphi umlinganiswa ukusuka umtshato wokuqala Vasily III. Umfazi wakhe emva kwaloo mtshato sele ithunyelwe woonongendi ngenxa yokungabi nenzalo. Noko ke, kule woonongendi uzala unyana. Ibhinqa ayithumele kubantu bakhe abanyanisekileyo kumda Turkish, apho umthetheli kuthinjwa. Kungekudala emva koko, abe abadala ngakumbi, inokuqhawula phaya ezweni lakhe lokuzalwa, apho waba wesihlangu, ogama Kudeyar.

Wabhekisela nomlinganiswa kunye kuncwadi eSoviet:

• Apha ebalini Kuprina "Grunia" ibamba sothelekiso ophambili umalume ngendlela eyaziwa inkokeli.
• Ibali Kudeyar Bakhrevskiĭ kuchazwa umsebenzi wakhe 'Treasure isikhulu. "
• Shiryaev ukhankanya sisikhulu "Kudeyarova emterebhintini."
• Alexandrov uchaza umfanekiso kwi "nkampu Kudeyarova."
• Elinamandla okhankanywe yomtya "Pelagia" Umbhali Akunin.

ingoma Chaliapin

"Gilot abaphangi elinambini, waphila Kudeyar-Ataman" - ngoko iqala indinyana yokuqala "The Legend abaphangi elinambini" yi Fodora Ivanovicha Shalyapina ngokwe isebenza Nekrasov. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, ukudalwa lomculo zafundiswa uNicholas Manykin-Nevstrueva.

"Kudeyar-Ataman" - ingoma malunga umphangi kunye namaqabane akhe - lwenziwa kunye wayiculisa uyacula isimbonono emva ivesi nganye: "Nkosi Thixo, masithandazele, inzuzo wamandulo ukwakha Ngoko Solovki indela basixelela ukuba sinyanisekile Pitirim!".

Le isidalwa, nangona esekelwe kwisicatshulwa walo mbongo gqitywanga Nekrasov "Ngubani Ubomi Well eRashiya", kodwa ke, nayo, kukho umahluko omkhulu esemantiki. Ngokomzekelo, xa umsebenzi imbongi khange ucacise ukuba Kudeyar kunye Pitirim - le yenye kunye nomntu omnye, ngokuchaseneyo amazwi.

Ukongeza, kwilivo ezininzi okubhaliweyo isebenza Kudeyar echazwa uhlobo somphindezeleli ebantwini, nto leyo iphela ubomi umphangi iba ezonqulo kwaye uhlala kude ehlathini, kunye Kudeyar-sisikhulu ngoma iya loonongendi ukuze kuhlawulelwe izono zabo.

lyrics kukho eziliqela kunye lomculo. Abantu abaninzi beva lo msebenzi owenziwa evgeniya Dyatlova. Namhlanje ke yinxalenye repertoire iikwayara ezininzi eyindoda.

Kudeyarova yokuhlala

Ngokutsho kwezinye amavo, wayehlala Ataman Kudeyar kunye nabaphangi bakhe kweenxweme Seimas, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Kudeyarova zokuhlala. Kule ilejendi wabhekisela uCatherine II, ngelo xesha ukuba aye ngasezantsi Russia. Kwenye ekuphumleni yayo iyeka kude esi sisombululo Kudeyar weba ezizukileyo zegolide uKumkanikazi, ayingcwaba phakathi oki ezintathu.

Akukho ngaphantsi yaziwa udonga nguMtyholi, abaninzi kubiza Shutova intaba, endleleni ukusuka Kozelsk e Lihvina. Le ndawo yaba indawo enkulu ngenxa yokuba kule ndlela ngokufuthi wathabatha zindwendwe iimpahla, ezibe ekujoliswe kuko ogqibeleleyo nesela.

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba apha ibekwe Kudeyar yokuhlala eyakhelwe kuye umoya ombi. Kukholelwa ukuba la mandla unanamhla sikhusela ubuncwane obufihliweyo umphangi, yaye ebusuku kwezo ndawo kukho ghost Lyubushi, intombi isikhulu kaThixo, lowo utshabhisileyo entolongweni nguyise kula mazwe.

black Yar

Enyanisweni, siyazi inani elikhulu kwizixeko Kudeyarova e Southern Russia. iphondo ngalinye imbali yayo kunye neendawo apho ubuncwane ifihliwe Kudeyar lemigulukudu.

intaba athandwa kakhulu Black Ravine, nto leyo imi kummandla Lipetsk. osemqoka yayo lokwahlula - ilitye elele phezu umbala oluhlaza, egqalwa iifosili ihashe isikhulu, wafumana le umbala ukuba etshiswe ngomlilo.

Ngokutsho amavo ezininzi, ke apha ukuba ibekwe Kudeyarova inqaba. Ngokutsho legend, i-Don Cossacks, Ndilicukuceze ababengaxolanga Kudeyar nezihange, wathabatha ukuya emfazweni nxamnye nawo. Xa befika inqaba, oko nako ukumbamba, ukuze ziye ngeenxa zonke iintsasa kunye ephakamayo.

Ataman kufihlwe-chola amaxhoba washiya nehashe ayithandayo njengomlindi. Kwaye ngoko ke liyachatshazelwa ngomlilo, wajika ukuba ngamatye.

Kuba uninzi bexesha lakhe Ataman Kudeyar - ulibele imbali, kodwa akunjalo kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo, lo mzobo cishe, sinokuthi, eziphantse-bangafi. Kwaye nkqu nanamhlanje, ukukhunjulwa kwayo wahlala amagama ezintabeni, izixeko, ezingxingweni, yaye igama ngokwayo Kudeyar ezinxulumene iingozi, amandla ephawulekayo.