Siam Ilizwe: Mandulo nakule mihla

Ibinzana elithi "ilizwe Siam" umntu babengaqhelananga kwimbali mpuma Asia, kubonakala ukuba into enisinike bangaze ngokwenene khona. Ngelo xesha, ngelo xesha ke urhulumente enamandla, endibe xa abamelwane bay, yaye namhlanje yenye zawo ezingqongileyo holide ithandwayo zabakhenkethi Russian.

protohistory

Izinto zakudala bafumana ngexesha ngabembi bezinto zakudala zingqina ukuba la mazwe belimiwe ngamafama, owasebenzisa izixhobo zobhedu, ubuncinane, sele kwiminyaka 3500 eyadlulayo. Ngu ekuqaleni ixesha lethu apho esele kwasekwa amabandla eziliqela. abemi abo babethwele iilwimi Mon-Khmer. Abanye babo lamkele obuBhuda ngenkulungwane yesi-6, yaye abantu Cambodia abathi Hinduism.

Kwinkulungwane 9 ummandla Siam ukusuka North Vietnam angena Thais, ekugqibeleni bahlala kwiindawo ezinkulu e-East Asia.

KumaXesha Aphakathi

Ngenkulungwane ye-13 le Thais akwazi singamanyana amise geqe of Sukhothai. ngexesha layo wangena ebukumkanini uKumkani Ramkhamhaeng, ngubani ngokukhawuleza wajika ilizwe lakhe kwenye yeentlanga ezininzi ezinamandla ye ngoko South-East Asia. Ngokukodwa, yena wanabisa Sukhothai nesiphelo wobukumkani bakhe, ukuba imlungisele etyeni uluhlu impumelelo yabo. Emva kokufa Ramkhamhaeng karhulumente khona malunga nenkulungwane.

UMbuso Ayutthaya

Ngenkulungwane ye-14, Sukhothai waye wendele nalowa ngakumzantsi wayo. State of Thammarat yasekwa Rama i Okokuqala, bavakalisa ukuba unguthixo. Ikomkhulu lalo wawumkhulu kangangokuba, oko ngokulula akhuphisane abaninzi iingqukuva yaseYurophu ngelo xesha. It Thais abahlala kumafa layo; ngokuba kwakuqalise ixesha wokuqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "Siamese" kutyunjwa kwayo.

Siam lizwe

Ngowe-1569 Thammarat ilawulwa ngumkhosi waseBurma. Kodwa abantu bakhe bakwazi ukuhlanganisa ndiwagxothe utshaba. Ngelo xesha nye nesele ngobume Ayutthaya Chiang Mai. Ngenxa yoko ubukumkani Siam.

Kuba iinkulungwane ezine, baye ezikhumbuzo emininzi kunye neminye imisebenzi inkcubeko eziphathekayo kunye nomoya apho.

Imfundo elibusayo Chakri ubukhosi

Ngowe-1767 e Siam (le nto kweli lizwe libaliswa kweli nqaku) waphinda iBurma umkhosi. Lo ngumzabalazo wenkululeko yeli lizwe elikhokelwa Jikelele ke Shin, ngubani wakwazi amgxothe bahlaseli, ndahlala etroneni akhe sizana abasenyongweni Pya Chakri. Yeyona yokugqibela yaba ngunozala ubukhosi, leyo nangoku nguye ozilawulayo izirhulumente Thailand.

Relations kunye baseYurophu

Wabathunywa uKumkani baseSpeyin bagaleleka Ayutthaya ngenkulungwane ye-16 emva kwexesha. Ke phambi kwabo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngomkhombe apho abarhwebi zaseYurophu. abalawuli Siam baqonde uncedo yokuseka ubudlelwane kunye iindwendwe aphesheya. Kungenxa yoko 1608 bathumela oonozakuzaku ukuba eNetherlands kokugqitywa izivumelwano zoxolo kunye norhwebo. Kungekudala Siam (namhlanje apho ilizwe uyaxelelwa ngezantsi) waziwa kwi-World Old njengendawo uthembisa ukuseka ubudlelwane zorhwebo, yaye kwabonakala post yorhwebo British kunye nomnqophiso zorhwebo Dutch.

A nkqubo olumkileyo amazwe wookumkani Thai yaba yokuba ilizwe labo wakuyeka amazwe yaye waba uhlobo mipu phakathi nezinto lwangaphesheya amazwe aseYurophu.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19

Ukuze siqhubeke ukuba ningethi ukuzimela yayo, ilizwe Siam ngo-1828 basayine imvumelwano neSebe uBukhosi British. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, amaBritane wavunyelwa ukuba kurhwebelano lwendawo elisimahla eLuntwini izibuko lobulali, yaye zonke izifundo solwaphulo-mthetho Obekekileyo uKumkanikazi Victoria kwafuneka ukuqonda abagwebi British. Kamva, isivumelwano efanayo utyikitywe eUnited States.

Ngowe-1851, wanyukela etroneni kwisakhelo yesine. Wafumana imfundo yekhethelo, kuquka ukufunda impumelelo yenzululwazi Western, yaye wenza lukhulu kwanokuphucula Siam. Xa sele kukho kukho inani uhlaziyo olukhulu. Chief phakathi kwabo kwakukho kokuyekiswa kobukhoboka, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo wezobulungisa umgangatho yaseYurophu kunye ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kololiwe. Kunjalo ke naxa kwikhosi Rama wesine kwabekwa kokuba ndiyoyisile le nalwazi kumaxesha aphakathi, apho de ngoko wahlala Siam.

Imbali eli lizwe phantsi uKumkani Chulalunkorne (Rama V)

Lo mlawuli, ngubani ilifa itrone emva kokuba uyise Rama yesine, baqhubeka inkqubo yokuvuselelwa owaqalwa uyise. Phantsi kwakhe ilizwe Siam ilawulwa yi liBhunga State, kwabakho zabaphathiswa-12, wangena lokuhamba imali iphepha wavula isikolo sikarhulumente. Noko ke, imizamo yakhe ukubonisa inkululeko engakumbi-nkqubo amazwe aye awa phantsi kwaye phantse kwakhokelela kokuyaphula France. Noko ke, ngo-1898 amagunya yaseYurophu kuqinisekiswa ephepheni iinjongo zalo ukuba zingenelele kumongami Siam.

Chulalunkorn wafuna ngandlela zonke lokuqinisa amatyathanga kunye ngookumkani kunye noorhulumente amazwe Old yeHlabathi. Wayedla amanye amazwe. Apho waphathwa hayi uthixo, njengoko wenziwa ekhaya, waza waphendula ngothakazelelo imibuzo malunga nokuba yintoni na eyenza Siam (oku oko lizwe, uhlobo olunjani lwabantu abahlala apho, njalo njalo.).

Imbali karhulumente kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20

Nangona kwemizamo emihle uKumkani Chulalunkorna, xa yalahlekelwa lokusila yayo ezininzi nommandla wayo. Ngowe-1910, emva kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela itrone unyana kumkani lowo Rama leSithandathu. Yena waba Anglophile engumlawuli kunye nesihloko neqhayiya Jikelele Army yoBukhosi British. Phantsi kuye lizwe wangena leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ecaleni kwe Entente. Nangona umkhosi yathunyelwa eYurophu, akazange athathe inxaxheba ekulweni.

UKumkani Rama leSithandathu wafa eneminyaka engama-44. Unyana wakhe ngelo xesha iinyanga ezimbalwa ubudala, ngoko etroneni yaba umzalwana yokumkani.

revolution

Seventh Board of Rama, kwenzeka ukuba etroneni, lowo zingaphawulwa nto ekhethekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, akazange qaphela ukuba lizwe kwakhiwa mood antimonarchist, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni revolution kwegazi eyaqalisa ngo-1932.

Umqalisi le lika umbutho secret "Party yaBantu". Amalungu ayo, ubukhulu becala Thais eyayifundiswe eYurophu, wasebenzisa ukuba ukumkani waba yokuhlala kwilizwe e Hua Hin, yaye bababamba amandla e Bangkok. Ukufumanisa ukuba bathinjwa yabameli 40 losapho lobukumkani, kwakunye abalungiseleli eziliqela kunye nenyama. Ukumkani kwanyanzeleka ukwamkela imiqathango "Abantu Party", ngoku kwafuneka ukuba alawule phantsi yena, ngokutsho-siseko, ebhalwe ngabameli lo mbutho.

zokuthiywa ngokutsha

Ngowe-1939 isiganeko senzeke, ngenxa apho namhlanje sikwazi ukuva lo mbuzo: "Yintoni ilizwe ngokuba Siam" Kwiinzame ukwenza urhulumente omtsha, le abalweli lwafuna lifune ukubaliswa kwe ubukumkani. impikiswano zazo eziphambili kukuba igama elithi "Siam" yayintsha kwi Thais. Njengoko ukhetho amagama amatsha ziye esicetywayo "Mueang Tai" yaye "Pratet Tai." Emva koko, onke euphonious ngakumbi yayigqalwa ibinzana elithi "Ubukumkani Thailand".

modernity

Namhlanje, Thailand - luhlobo imo karhulumente nto leyo lobukhosi siseko. Okwangoku, eli lizwe lifumana ukukhula koqoqosho olukhawulezayo. amanqaku ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho agriculture kunye nokhenketho. Country ngokwalo igesi yendalo, nto leyo ithathwa umthombo iphambili umbane. Ukongeza, Thailand yenye abathumela inkulu ehlabathini ngayo intlanzi kunye zerabha.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba ilizwe wayedla ngokuthi Siam. Ngaphandle, uyazi ezinye iinkcukacha ngembali yaso, ngoko uya kuba ngomdla omkhulu ukuva amabali kwabakhokeli ngexesha uhambo eThailand.