Imbali eChelyabinsk sixeko. Usuku isixeko saseChelyabinsk. Coat of ezingalweni saseChelyabinsk

EChelyabinsk - isixeko esigcwalisa indawo 7 eRashiya ngokubhekiselele kubemi. Ngenxa kwindawo ngokwejografi oko kudla ngokuba kwesango eSiberia, nto leyo ebonakalisa ngokuchanekileyo indima yawo njengento hub yothutho ebalulekileyo nekhonkco phakathi kwemimandla Russian. Imbali yaseChelyabinsk nenguqu yayo kwelinye lamaziko zoshishino ibalulekileyo kwilizwe lethu umdla nabani na onomdla elidlulileyo lwelizwe lethu. Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku siza kuxubusha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha.

Imbali igama eChelyabinsk

Okwangoku, uguqulelo eyona lililo kuthathwa, njengoko apho igama lendawo livela kwigama zamaTurkic "Celebi", bona bubonakala "inkosana" okanye "wafundiswa". Kukwakho uluvo, olusekelwe phezu amabali kwinzala kwabantu bokuqala loo inqaba Chelyaba, ogama njalo ngenxa phecana, ithetha ukuba. E. "Silәbe" ( "depression") e Bashkir. Uguqulelo entsha ngokungangqalanga kuqinisekiswa amanqaku odumileyo aphakathi umhambi waseJamani Ioganna Gmelina, owayese-eChelyabinsk enqabeni ngo-1742.

isisekelo

Imfuneko yinqaba ibekwe kwi umda Urals kunye eSiberia, lisukela emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX.

Ngokusemthethweni, loo nto ixela ukuba loo nyaka owaseka saseChelyabinsk - th 1736. Kwaba ngoko indawo kwilali Bashkir ezinkulu Chelyaba Colonel AI Tevkelev (Kutlu Muhammad) wabeka inqaba Russian. Waqala ukuba yakhiwe ngemvume yomnini mhlaba Tarkhan Taymasov Shaimova. Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo Bashkirs baba kuxolelwa urhafiso irhafu-ohlawulayo. Kamva, ulawulo yokwakha eChelyabinsk inqaba nto siyiphathisiweyo Major J. Pavlutsky, apho, ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambili, egameni umyalelo, wayefuna indawo ekusekweni esi sixeko.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XVIII

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ngo-1742 eChelyabinsk (imbali yesixeko iqulethe izibakala ezininzi Akumangalisi) watyelela I. G. Gmelin. Waba inkcazo yokuqala inqaba. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, oko phezu kodonga ngasezantsi komlanjana Miyass, yaye elifana Miyasskuyu kwisicwangciso inqaba, Noko ke, lalilikhulu. Ngelo xesha, waba udonga kuphela yamaplanga womthi engundoqo, nganye eneyazo kubude ziifatom ezimalunga nama-60 (160-170 m).

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1748 e-eChelyabinsk waqala ukwakha ibandla ilitye lokuqala, ezaba yecawa iphambili kwiphondo Iset. Kungekudala, esi sixeko baqala ukwandisa ngononophelo, yaye kukho amaziko karhulumente awohlukeneyo.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XVIII

Esinye sezona ziganeko ebalulekileyo kwimbali yawo kwenzeka ngo-1774, unyaka xa irhuluneli A. Veryovkin akwazi ukumelana zokungqinga Pugachev. Kodwa emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa abo bavukeli nako ukungena eChelyabinsk kusingathwa ngabasemagunyeni. Ukukhululwa isixeko wamnceda Jikelele IA Dekolong bafika ukusekelwa.

Ukuba unomdla koko ekusekweni kunyaka saseChelyabinsk, njengomzi, eli-1781-th - kweminyaka engama-45 emva kokusekwa inqaba. Kwathabatha ixesha kangaka kuloo mzana Bashkir kunye yokubonisela yaba zokuhlala enkulu. Le nyaniso yayiphawuleka kuwongwa kuye ubume dolophu County. Ukongeza, ummiselo ka-Catherine idyasi yesibini samkelwa eChelyabinsk apho ezantsi ikhaka baboniswa inkamela ithwele yephondo.

Ngowe-1788, eChelyabinsk yaba sisiganeko ehlabathini: iqela oogqirha, ikhokelwa ngu S. Andrievskiy, wafunda iimpawu anthrax, wamnika igama layo kule sifo, kwaye owasungula serum ukukhusela esi sifo esibulalayo.

Ekhulwini XIX

Wenkulungwane entsha yabalasela uphuhliso lorhwebo kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Ngenxa indawo yayo kwendawo indawo kwi imizila yemveli (ingubo lwesizwe saseChelyabinsk kubonisa oku) ukuya phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, esi sixeko ngokuqinileyo uthathe indawo ephambili omboniso zorhwebo Urals. Noko ke, ukukhula ngamandla kwenzeka emva 1892. Yena nenxaxheba igqityiwe kaloliwe, nto leyo enxulumene eChelyabinsk kunye namaphondo yaseYurophu yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wangenelela Alexander i Okwesithathu, leyo iyarhoxiswa le projekthi icetywayo ngaphambili uquka kaloliwe nge Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen yokucima umzi. Ukususela ngo-1892, Trans-Siberian Railway sandiswa ngakumbi ukuya ngasempuma. Kokugunyaziswa zikaloliwe Ekaterinburg ngo-1896 negalelo umsebenzi ngakumbi eChelyabinsk indawo ephambili entsimini yorhwebo inter-lwengingqi. Kwanele ukuba sithi ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa, imarike yengingqi ngowokuqala eRashiya ngokwemigaqo intengiselwano lokuthenga / intengiso lesonka, kunye yesibini - korhwebo leti amazwe.

EChelyabinsk ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX

Ngowe-1897, eChelyabinsk abemi abantu abamalunga nama-20 000. Kulo mzekelo, wawuqhutywa ukwanda elibukhali, nto leyo iye yanxulunyaniswa ukuvela zokuhlala esitsha kwisikhululo sikaloliwe (inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga oku inokufunyanwa abebetyelele imyuziyam imbali isixeko saseChelyabinsk).

Okuhamba, umzi yala maxesha yazivula izikolo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana zesikolo yonqulo, progymnasium yabasetyhini, isikolo yobugcisa, isikolo urhwebo, njl njl .. Railway Club kunye yaBantu House kwakhiwa. Kwindawo yoshishino, e saseChelyabinsk, kwakukho izithuba malunga 1500 zorhwebo nezoshishino, imali iyonke yonyaka engange malunga nezigidi ezingama-30. Njalo-ofisi ezivulekileyo zorhwebo kunye namacwecwe kwiinkampani zangaphandle ababandakanyekayo nangoncedo yoBukhosi Russian ngelo umatshini ngexesha ultra-mihla kunye nezixhobo.

Kuba Dynamics nkqi yophuhliso kunye nokukhawulezisa ukukhula saseChelyabinsk (imbali yesixeko kwiinkulungwane XVIII-XIX uchazwe apha ngasentla), nokuba waziwa Zauralskaya Chicago. Kakade ngo-1910 kunyaka wethoba abemi abaninzi beso sixeko liye kathathu, kunye th-1917 - linyuke kubantu-70 000.

Imbali saseChelyabinsk ngexesha iziganeko sokulwela inguqu epheleleyo kwiminyaka yokuqala kwamandla Soviet

Emva Oktobha 1917 umzi, njengabanye yoBukhosi baseRashiya, waba umoya ovuthuzayo lweziganeko. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu alondolozwe zembali kunye nababukeli amandla amaBhunga Workers 'yaqaliswa uxolo nje kuphela, kodwa ngezigalo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba phakathi inzululwazi zembali kulindeleke ukuba ngokupheleleyo imfazwe yamakhaya imfazwe May 14, 1918, emva kokuba imvukelo Czechoslovak Corps kwi w / e. station eChelyabinsk. Nditsho iimeko kozinzo kwezopolitiko, isixeko waqhubeka ukuphuhlisa. Ngokukodwa, ngo-1918, ukusetyenziswa eChelyabinsk ikheshi, nto leyo ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni okuziinkozo le ngingqi.

Phakathi ka-1919 e-eChelyabinsk wabuyisela ngokupheleleyo waza wadala urhulumente omtsha, waza waba iziko lephondo, yaye kamva ne ngoSeptemba 3, 1919 - yesithili.

Kweli xesha pre-imfazwe

Ebutsheni bowe-1934, ummandla eChelyabinsk lenzeka isigqibo Central leKomiti Elawulayo. Esi sixeko saba Iziko yayo yolawulo, yaye ngowe-1937 wasinda oyindawo Kaganovichgrad.

Ngelo xesha, akazange nakancinane wayeka uphuhliso mveliso saseChelyabinsk. Kwanele ukuba bathi ukuba ngo-1919 kweso sixeko kukho iinkampani-2 kuphela ukususela ekuqaleni kuka 1930 waqala apho ukusebenza esirhabaxa, Tractor, ferroalloy, umatshini-isixhobo kunye nezityalo zinc.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ngexesha Second World War eChelyabinsk (imbali yesixeko ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XX uya kuxelelwa kamva) wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umkhosi kwizithuthi vehicles.

Ukususela kanye ekuqaleni imfazwe isixeko yafumana amakhulu amawaka evacuees. Ngenxa yoko, abemi eChelyabinsk ukhule ngokuphindwe 2.5, ukufikelela abantu 630.000. Ngenxa kwamashishini ezingaphezu kwama-200 kuleyo ndawo ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa ulwazi kunye namashishini basekuhlaleni zasekwa iingxilimbela industrial CHKPZ, CMP, ChTPZ. Ukongezelela, ukususela 1941 ukuya 1945, eChelyabinsk (imbali isixeko ngeli xesha - oko ibali yabasebenzi ubuqhawe mass abantu Soviet) yaba isihlalo of the People kaThixo Commissars ishishini itanki, iimbumbulu, eliphakathi umatshini-isakhiwo kunye namandla.

Ngeli xesha kwakukho uqhagamshelwano umthamo we-mveliso tektala local abasuswe eKharkov injini-lwesakhiwo iLeningrad laseKirov Plant. Oku kuza kukhokelela ekuvelisweni kwamatanki T-34, ekuhambeni kwexesha irekhodi. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi Second 60 amawaka iinjini diesel ukuze kuliwe umkhondo iimoto vehicles zaveliswa ku eChelyabinsk. Ukongeza, xa isityalo ogama Kolyuschenko ubuchule ukuveliswa i "Katyusha" odumileyo. Enterprises saseChelyabinsk ngo-1941-1945-m ngokulandelelana ukuvelisa kunye iinjini idizili, iimbumbulu, izixhobo zombane yezithuthi vehicles, izahlulo ze VMS kunye iimoto itanki kunye nezinye iimveliso ezifunekayo ukuze siphumelele.

emva kwemfazwe,

Emva kokuphumelela eChelyabinsk waba umniki oomatshini, izixhobo kunye kwaMandla oLuntu ukubuyisela i Donbass, Stalingrad, kunye nezinye Dniproges watshabalalisa zokuhlala kunye namaziko ezibalulekileyo mveliso kunye namandla lwelizwe lethu.

Ngowe-1947, waye wamkelwa isicwangciso sophuhliso esi sixeko. Ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwayo, iindawo ezintsha kunye nezityalo mveliso.

Ngo-1960, umzi liye landa kakhulu kwaye inani lamaziko emfundo ephakamileyo, kwaye ngo-1976 wavula CSU, owaba iyunivesithi wokuqala wezinto eMzantsi phambene.

Ingakumbi ukukhula mveliso olukhawulezileyo eChelyabinsk sabhalwa kwi 80s ekuqaleni ', xa inkampani wathatha indawo ephambili kwimveliso kwemibhobho insimbi, ferroalloys kunye iimoto endleleni.

Esi sixeko yaphuhliswa kunye nenkcubeko. Ngokukodwa, kwi 80s lavulwa apho isakhiwo esitsha le Drama Theatre kwi izihlalo 1200, iholo lwamagumbi nogwali umculo, imyuziyam neeminerali, yaye ezikhumbuzo "Xa indlela entsha" kunye Kurchatov.

Ithuba yanamhlanje

Isiqingatha sokuqala "swashbuckling" 90 zaba ixesha nzima ukuba saseChelyabinsk, njengoko yamakishwa yimali kwamashishini, ukungahlawulwa yemivuzo kunye neenkqubo phantsi-mali ngenxa kwinqanaba loluntu. Ngethamsanqa, le meko yathatha ixesha elifutshane, yaye ekupheleni kweli shumi leminyaka, esi sixeko uye waqhubeka nomsebenzi imveliso amatye okusila ezininzi kunye neefektri beza kwimarike yehlabathi. IXesha ekuPhulukenwe kuye kwaphawulwa kwezinye iindawo. Ingakumbi, le zoo yavulwa ngo-1996. Ngo-2004, imbali izitrato saseChelyabinsk zazaliswa kwiphepha elitsha, njengokuba odumileyo Kirovka waba ngeenyawo ube yindawo abayithandayo ukuhamba abakhenkethi kunye nabahlali. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko safudukela kwisakhiwo esitsha ye kaRhulumente Historical Museum of Urals Southern wavula isakhiwo esitsha, kwaye ngo-2009 - kwinqonga ice "Tractor", apho ihlala 7500 ababukeli.

Ukususela iziganeko ezaziwayo-kakuhle ukuba kwenzeka eChelyabinsk kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukuwa emkhathini, xa ngokufutha ezonakeleyo izakhiwo 7320.

Usuku isixeko saseChelyabinsk

Ngowe-2016, le holide yayikhethekile. Ngapha koko, lo mzi sabhiyozela unyaka 280th! EChelyabinsk imini wathi Septemba 10 imibhiyozo kunye nemibhiyozo abantu yinzwakazi. Lilonke imicimbi 60. Ngoko ke indlela uzifake zonke kwiiyure 24 kwakungenakwenzeka, ukwanda umthendeleko iintsuku eziliqela yaye kwakukho abaninzi ziinkwenkwezi ikomkhulu likaThixo.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyakwazi oko iziganeko umdla kwenzeka kwisixeko saseChelyabinsk. Namhlanje ke yenye nelamaRafa zoshishino kwilizwe lethu yaye ebheka phambili ngokuzithemba.

Ukuba unomdla kwimbali nezithethe saseChelyabinsk, qiniseka ukuba atyelele kwidolophu apho ukwazi bakho baya kwaneliswa emva ukutyelela iimyuziyam ze waliphithikeza bendawo.