Imfihlo Irhafu - yintoni na le nto? Ingcinga, nokunamathela, disclosure

Igama elithi "imfihlelo irhafu" eqhelekileyo emthethweni ukususela ngowe-1999. Ukususela ngelo xesha, oko yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwayo kabanzi kwintetho. imfihlo Irhafu - lulwazi malunga umntu yona werhafu. Ezo nkcukacha ifunyenwe kwinkonzo irhafu kunye nenkqubo zokunyanzelisa umthetho, abasemagunyeni zophando kunye namasiko.

Le nkcazelo olukhuselwe, njalo ukufikelela kuyo okunjani. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuthobela vu yayo. Inqanaba ukufikelela kwingcaciso enjalo aluchaphazeli imo ngokusemthethweni. imfihlo zerhafu iinkalo ezimbalwa.

tax imisebenzi

Le ibandakanya-arhente zikarhulumente ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo. Le ngokusesikweni lokuphumeza inkqubo yerhafu lizwe. Umsebenzi kula maziko kufuneka yokuqokelela imali evela abantu amaqumrhu asemthethweni ukuze likwazi ukusebenza oluzinzileyo Russian Federation. Le nkqubo kuthathwa ndawonye yaye ayahlukahlukenanga. Kuye imizimba eziliqela iliso ndawo imirhumo ngokumpontshwa kunye irhafu mali. Kweli ziko kukho abaqeshwa abaninzi, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Yintoni ayiquki?

Bonke abasemagunyeni irhafu ukufikelela ulwazi oluphathelele umbandela kunye impahla berhafu. Ngenxa ukufikelela kwiinkcukacha ezinjalo enokubangela umonakalo ngakumbi ungatshatanga ezijikeleze ziko. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho loo gama nje ngeziyimfihlo werhafu. Le nto kusivumela ukuba ukunika ukufikelela kulwazi.

Ziquka ntoni kuyo? Ulwazi okumisele imfihlo irhafu, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• data kwi abarhafi zamaxwebhu lomlinganiswa ephambili;
• ingeniso esemthethweni okanye iindleko;
• yobume bemali;
• ulwazi irhafu;
• ulwazi lobuqu.

Ezi data kwi-ofisi yerhafu. na bavunyelwe ukuba aveze, kuba abavunyelwa ngumthetho. Isicelo nkcazelo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko ezizodwa, uze kuphela kogunyaziso esebenzayo. Ke umntu akayi kuba nabutyala.

Ngubani kufuneka agcine imfihlelo?

Yonke idatha ifakiwe ingqikelelo "imfihlelo irhafu" - lulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu kufuneka saziswe abantu. Bona idluliselwe ekwenzeni imisebenzi yobungcali yabantu abagunyazisiweyo. Ezi zibandakanya abasebenzi abathile nemibutho, ezifana:

• Iwenkqubo yerhafu;
• arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho;
• abasemagunyeni namasiko;
• imali extra-mali;
• iingcali.

imfihlo Tax lwazi ekhoyo ukuya kubasebenzi bamaziko ezininzi ngokunxulumene nale ngcamango. Kufuneka sisetyenziselwe ezinye iinjongo, okanye ubonelele uxanduva.

Yintoni ayifakwanga kulo mba?

Irhafu ngasese - lwazi aluvumelekanga ukuxela. Kodwa kukho ulwazi akasayi kufakwa kolu luvo. Zidweliswe kwiSiqendu 102 kweKhowudi Tax. Ezi ziquka:

1. ulwazi loluntu. Kukho FZ "Kwi Personal Data» №152, njengoko apho ulwazi ekwabelwana ziquka: Igama elipheleleyo, umhla nendawo wokuzalwa, inombolo yefowuni, nomsebenzi. Oku kusebenza ngabanye. Ukuba le IP okanye inkampani, ngoko kulwazi loluntu iquka igama lenkampani, ubunini, idilesi, isakhiwo, iinkcukacha malunga ulawulo. Olu luhlu ingaba elide ukuba wanikwa imvume ukuvezwa.
2. Yabahambi. Akudingi kuyimfihlo. Ungafumana le nombolo nkqu phezu Internet, iinkcukacha ukukhomba umntu okanye iqumrhu.
3. Nokuhlukunyezwa. Olunjalo ulwazi kwi imvuthuluka zikarhulumente, umzekelo, okanye EGRIP Emanyeneyo. Ukongeza ziziphumo ukugxojwa ukuze kuchazwe amanyathelo athathiweyo.
4. Income. Ezi data kwenziwa zikarhulumente kuphela kwiimeko ezithile, umzekelo, ngethuba lokuhlolwa zomntu isebenza ukuba ipalamente. Le ngcaciso ithunyelwe lokhankaso lolonyulo. Funda ulwazi malunga nemeko eziphathekayo ngummi eziqhelekileyo iya kusebenza.
5. ulawulo Tax. It akukho mfihlakalo.
6. Ulwazi ukuze urhulumente wengingqi. Le data elijongene ayiqukwanga ulwazi engachazwanga xa lugqithiselwa malunga ekubhataleni yerhafu ngqo.

Idatha elolu hlobo efumanekayo, kuba ulwazi lwabo na ukusongela ukhuseleko nabani wakhe.

imbuyekezo yerhafu

Ulwazi olusuka iirekhodi irhafu ziyimfihlo. Le nkampani unomdla ekufihleni ulwazi malunga abathengi nabathengisi, embodiments umsebenzi. Oku imfihlelo yorhwebo lwe rhafu. FZ "On Iimfihlo Urhwebo» №98 ngo Art. 5 iqulathe uluhlu lwe data engahlobenanga lokuthengisa iimfihlelo. Irhafu ibuyisela hayi kuluhlu. Ngako oko ke kuthathwa imfihlelo yorhwebo.

imfihlo yorhwebo

Kwi-USSR, ingqikelelo iimfihlakalo trade akuxhaphakanga, kuba njengento lwesiko ongxowankulu. Kodwa yenzeka kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa eli gama kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho. imfihlelo Commercial - ke Ukufihla ezinye iinkcukacha ezifunwa yi mxholo uqoqosho ukunyusa ingeniso, ukunciphisa iindleko. Uluhlu lwe data okuyimfihlo kufuneka:

• real;
• zigqutyuthelwe emfihlekweni kubantu musa mandingaweli kuhlobo eyahlulelwe;
• esemthethweni.

Urhulumente, zebhanki, iimfihlelo esemthethweni imithetho yabo. Banks njenge uhlobo lwezithuba ashishinayo izigqibo zabo ukuba ufake imfihlelo zorhwebo uMthetho Federal №98. Le mibutho akhuselwe data lwabathengi kunye nemicimbi. LoSetyenziso ilawulwa ngabasemagunyeni zoluntu.

Idatha ilungu imfihlelo yorhwebo, ibhanka abele iinkcukacha, nto leyo enika Kuyinzuzo kuthelekiswa neminye imibutho. Oku kunokuba indlela yokusebenza nabathengi, ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa computer, ulwazi malunga neemveliso ezintsha.

iintlobo

Ezi zoqhagamshelwano ziquka:

• neemfihlo zorhwebo;
• iimfihlelo ezoqoqosho;
• epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.

Imfihlelo inxulumene amaxwebhu, iinkcukacha ikhompyutha, iinkcukacha kwi diski, flash inkumbulo, izixhobo iinkomfa.

ukuvezwa

Ukuthobela emfihlekweni yerhafu luxanduva lwabo bonke abaqeshwa. Yimfuneko esemthethweni. Ukuxelwa kolwazi oluthile yerhafu ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kolwazi ngumntu lingekayifumani. Umzekelo, ukuba ukudluliselwa abanye abemi. Iinkcukacha ezigcinwe iinkcukacha, umbuso wakhe engqongqo ufikelelo, imibutho yokugcina. Oku kucingelwa njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo, ukususela ilahleko kwamaxwebhu okanye ukudlulisela abanye kukhokelela ubulungisa.

akayi kuba Ugqithiso lwedata ngokwesicelo kwiijaji okanye uphando echasene nomthetho. Inqaku 102 of the Code Tax iquka lunee 2 kokwaphula yobumfihlo:

1. Ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kubantu abenza umsebenzi wabo.
2. Ukulahleka amaxwebhu eziqulathe iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo.

Privacy kungumba obalulekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

umthwalo

Ukuze ukuxelwa kolwazi imfihlelo irhafu okumisele, kukho 3 iintlobo zobutyala:

1. Eziphathekayo. Ngokutsho st.1069 koMgaqo Civil intlawulo eyenziwe yi-mali karhulumente.
2. Administrative. Umoni ihlawula isohlwayo kwi mali ka-4-5 amawaka. Engange.
3. Criminal. Inqaku 183 of Code Criminal kufuna entolongweni iminyaka 3-5, kuxhomekeka umonakalo.

Abakwaziyo ukufikelela vu irhafu

kuyimfuneko ukuba uthumele isicelo ukuzuza ukufikelela ngasese irhafu. Kwakhona, iimeko ezithile kufuneka nazo. Le umbuzo uyabulawa kwi kwiletahedi kunye nesikhundla iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko, njengoko le missive. Thumela kunokuba kuba nge-imeyile, ngesigidimi okanye Russian Post.

Le ncwadi kufuneka nakanjani babe ulawulo utyikityo lo mbutho. amaxwebhu ngekhompyutha yi yogesi. Isicelo kufuneka kokudluliselwa isenzo somthetho okanye olunye uxwebhu engqina ilungelo idatha eyimfihlo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba zibonise injongo yokufumana ingcaciso ebonisa ukuba amaxwebhu ezithile, ezifana imiyalelo yenkundla.

Ukuba isicelo ayifikelelwanga imeko ubuncinane enye, kusenokuba kukho ukusilela kubonelelo data. Impendulo iza ngephepha okanye ngendlela ye-elektroniki, bonke kuxhomekeke kwi amathuba zobugcisa.

Ngubani na ukwenza imibuzo?

Eli lungelo ebanjwe mandla zoluntu kunye nabasebenzi babo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kufuneka ukuba amatyala, uphicotho, imisebenzi yophando. Idatha evela Irhafu neekontraki abanomdla - kubathengisi, abathengi, guarantors. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukucela le ngcaciso ilandelayo:

1. data Personal.
2. imeko eziphathekayo.
3. Trade Secret - lwazi, uphuhliso lobugcisa.
4. Banking kuyimfihlo.

Rhoqo olucelwe yi sisekelo, wokusungula amaxwebhu, mvume ukwenza umsebenzi kunye nezinye iimvume. Ukuze ufumane ulawulo ukuthembeka data uthathwa ukuba unobudlelane phambi yingisela. Ngamanye amaxesha, umthetho ibhekisa ngokutshintshiselana maxwebhu phambi kokusayina isivumelwano, umzekelo, umbutho ka yeefandesi, ithenda, kwifkunyeesi.

Kwezinye iimeko, ulwazi imvo ukuvuma ekumiseleni, umzekelo, umboneleli. Xa engekho ukhathalelo kunokuba ukwalela VAT iseti-off and non-obonakalayo yeendleko ukuba otyalayo yokusilela kunyango. Kodwa werhafu isale isicelo esinjalo. Emva koko kufuneka uthumele isicelo ukuya kwimveliso data irhafu, nto leyo kungakhankanywanga kuyimfihlo.

Unakho ukucela ukuba:

• ngamaxwebhu accounting irhafu;
• iingxelo zemali.

Le otyalayo unelungelo lokuba bafunde iingxelo zonyaka ophelileyo. Idatha evela kuxwebhu lomncono ziya kuba nomdla kubanikezeli, abaxumi, abatyali-zimali, amaziko abolekisa ngemali, guarantors. accounting ulwazi loluntu kwaye kufumaneka esidlangalaleni.

Enye imeko ulwazi accounting irhafu kuba kucingwa yimfihlo werhafu. It ekhuselwe kwinqaku 84 (umba 9) no-102 ze-Code Tax. Ngo-arhente karhulumente kunye nemali non-mali awanalo ilungelo lokuba aveze data ezinjalo, ngaphandle apho kuvumelekile nguloo mbutho. Ngokomthetho, uze ukudlulisela idata amaqela anomdla. Ukuba nayiphi na ingcaciso yoluntu busemngciphekweni, abanako kuqwalaselwa kuyimfihlo yorhwebo.