Imisebenzi ngu Prokofeva Sergeya Sergeevicha: opera, ballets, iikonsathi nendima

Outstanding Umqambi Russian Sergei Prokofiev eyaziwa ehlabathini ngemisebenzi yakhe ezintsha. Ngaphandle kunzima ukuthelekelela umculo kwenkulungwane yama-20, apho washiya uphawu ebalulekileyo symphony 11, opera 7, ballets 7, iikonsathi kunye nemisebenzi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zomculo. Kodwa kwanokuba wabhala kuphela ballet "Romeo and Juliet", ange ebhaliwe ngonaphakade kwimbali umculo yehlabathi.

ekuqaleni wendlela

Indawo awazalelwa kuyo umqambi Aprili 11, 1891. Unina waba nomdlali nokuba bayakhuthazwa esemncinane mvelo ukuze umculo Sergei. Sele eneminyaka eyi-6, waqala ukuba baqambe nemijikelo lonke amaqhosha nepiyano, unina ebhalwe ezaqanjwa bakhe. Iminyaka elithoba kwi-akhawunti yakhe sele eninzi ngamaqhekeza amancinci kunye opera amabini apheleleyo: ". Kwisiqithi entlango" "I Giant" yaye Umama kunye iminyaka emihlanu bamfundisa ukudlala ipiyano, kunye iminyaka eli-10, yena rhoqo izifundo zabucala kunye umqambi R. Glier.

iminyaka yokufunda

Eneminyaka eyi 13 wangena Conservatory apho wayefunda neemvumi abadumileyo ngexesha lakhe: NA Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Lyadov, Tcherepnin. Apho waba ubuhlobo N. Myaskovsky. Ngowe-1909 waphumelela Conservatory njengoko umqambi, kwaye ke eminye iminyaka emihlanu uzinikele kuphuhliso zobugcisa pianistic. Ke eminye iminyaka 3 bafunda ukudlala organ. Kuba impumelelo ebalaseleyo isikolo wawongwa imbasa yegolide kunye umvuzo. Rubinstein. Iminyaka 18 uye ndiziphethe ikonsathi umsebenzi osebenzayo, enza njengoko njengemvumi kunye inkqenkqeza imisebenzi yakhe.

ekuqaleni Prokofiev

Nkqu imisebenzi yokuqala ka Prokofiev wabenza ezininzi seempikiswano, nokuba bathabatha yonke intliziyo yakho, okanye nokuwubona bagxeka. Ukususela amanyathelo okuqala nomculo isaziso ngokwakhe njengoko ngcungela. Waba kufutshane emoyeni yemidlalo, komdlalo umculo, kwaye njengendoda Prokofiev ukulithanda kwakhe ukukhanya, wabathanda ukutsala ingqalelo. Kwi-1910s oko sasibizwa yomculo Futurist ukuba uthando eyothusayo, kuba ukulwela ekutshatyalalisweni izinqumo yamandulo. Nangona umqambi ayikwazanga ngokuba umbhuqi. Yena ngokulungelelanisiweyo ithathe isithethe lwamandulo, kodwa rhoqo benza ekufuneni iifom ezintsha ezichazayo. Xa imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ezichongiweyo enye inkalo yomsebenzi wakhe - ukuba lyricism. Njengoko umculo wakhe luphawulwa amakhulu, nethemba, ingakumbi ezo zililo ekuqaleni uvalo olu luvuyo obungenasiphelo lobomi, uqhushululu iimvakalelo. Indibaniselwano yezi mpawu ethile kwenza umculo Prokofiev eliqaqambileyo engaqhelekanga. ikhonsati yayo yaba lweFairyland. Ukususela ekuqaleni Prokofiev ifanelwe ingqalelo eyodwa Umjikelo nepiyano "impoxo", "Toccata", "obsession" Sonata №2 ngenxa ipiyano, ama ezimbini ipiyano kunye okhestra, yesimfoni №1. Kule 20 emva kwexesha, wayedibana Diaghilev aze aqalise ukubhala intwazana ngenxa yamava akhe wokuqala - "Ala and Lollius" walahlwa ngumphathi, wacebisa Prokofiev "ukubhala in Russian," yaye eli cebiso iye yaba yinto yotshintsho ebalulekileyo ebomini umqambi bakhe.

izwe

Ekupheleni Sergei Prokofiev Conservatory uya eYurophu. Ukutyelela London, eRome, iNaples. Yena uvakalelwa kukuba ngokusondeleyo kwisakhelo endala. kwamaxesha mbuso, ubuhlwempu kunye nenkxalabo ngokubanzi malunga neengxaki zemihla ngemihla eRashiya, ukuqonda ukuba umculo wakhe akukho namnye kwi kwilizwe namhlanje kuyimfuneko, usondeze umqambi ukucinga malunga yokushiywa. Ngowe-1918, yena uya eTokyo, yaye ukusuka apho waya eUnited States. Ukuba wahlala iminyaka emithathu e-Melika, apho wayesebenza walihamba, wafudukela eYurophu. Apha isebenza nzima nje kuphela, koko isiya izihlandlo ezithathu tour eSoviet Union, apho akujongwa umphambukeli, bekucingelwa ukuba Prokofiev na ixesha elide uhambo ishishini langaphandle, kodwa engummi eSoviet. Yena enze imiyalelo ezininzi urhulumente waseSoviet: ". Ubusuku baseYiputa" yohambelwano "uLieutenant Kizhi", Phesheya, esebenza kunye Diaghilev, ukuthuthela eduze Rachmaninov, enxibelelana Pablo uPicasso. Apho watshata yaseSpain uLina Codina, ngazo ziye wazala oonyana ababini. Ngeli xesha, Prokofiev wadala kakhulu aqolileyo, imisebenzi yokuqala, nto leyo yamenza edume umhlaba. Le misebenzi ibandakanya le ballets "Isidenge", "Wolahleko Nyana" yaye "ongcakazayo", 2,3 no-4 symphony, ezimbini ngepiyano aqaqambe opera "Uthando orange ezintathu." Ngeli xesha italente Prokofiev ngayo izimele yaye abe umfuziselo ixesha elitsha umculo: ezibukhali, olukhulu, avant-garde umqambi ngendlela mvumi wenza imisebenzi yakhe ekhumbulekayo.

ukubuya

Ekuqaleni imi--30 bobuchule Prokofiev uba ulinganisele, wavakalelwa benyeke nkqi, yena uqala ukucinga ngokubuyela. Ngowe-1933, yena kunye nentsapho yakhe bafika kwi-USSR for yokuhlala isigxina. Emva koko, uya kukwazi kutyelela kuphela kabini aphesheya. Kodwa ubomi yakhe yokudala kweli xesha ezo amandla kakhulu. Works ngu Prokofiev, sele inkosi oqolileyo, yibani ngokucacileyo iinjongo zesizwe Russian kubo oluvakalayo ngakumbi. Oku kwenza kube ubunzulu yomculo olwahlukileyo ngakumbi neyodwa.

Ngasekupheleni-sharing 40 Prokofiev wambetha ukugxekwa ukuze 'icala "opera yakhe engesiso" Ibali Yomntu Real "a abanakwanela izinqumo zomculo Soviet. Umqambi ngeli xesha ongaphilanga, kodwa iyaqhubeka ukusebenza ngokunzima, phantse rhoqo abahlala kweli lizwe. Yena eschews zonke iziganeko ezisemthethweni kunye sama zomculo byi kuye zisabonakala, khona phantse wenzeka kwi kwinkcubeko eSoviet ngelo xesha. Kwathi ngelo xesha umqambi iyaqhubeka ukusebenza nzima, wabhala opera "I Tale of the Stone Flower", oratorio "On Guard Uxolo", imisebenzi nepiyano. Ngowe-1952, kwiholo ekhonsathini of eMoscow lizele Symphony yakhe 7, yaba umsebenzi wokugqibela ukuba umbhali nakuvayo eqongeni. Ngowe-1953, lo mhla njengoko Stalin, Prokofiev wafa. ukufa kwakhe baya phantse wenzeka ngenxa lizwe, oko cwaka wangcwatywa kwi Novodevichy emangcwabeni.

isimbo Prokofiev zomculo

Umqambi wazama isandla sakhe kuzo zonke iintlobo, wafuna ukufumana iindlela ezintsha ukudla okuninzi, ngokukodwa kwiminyaka yokuqala. Prokofiev kangangokuba ezintsha ngexesha layo, abaphulaphuli washiya iholo endle phakathi eyintloko. Ixesha lokuqala wavumela ukuba bashiye mdlalo kwimibongo ukudala indalo zokuvuma imisebenzi enjengo "War Noxolo", umzekelo. Sele wakhe umsebenzi wokuqala, "itheko okanye Indlala" kwaba ngumzekelo yokuphatha ngenkalipho iintlobo zemveli zomculo kunye nobuchule. Ngesibindi ehlangene nobuchule ukuphindwa kunye izingqisho zomculo, ngokudala isandi esitsha operatic. ballets yakhe yokuqala kangangokuba Abayili babekholelwa ukuba phantsi uhlobo lomculo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukudanisa. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunjalo, babona ukuba umqambi wafuna ukudlulisela abalinganiswa yangaphandle eyahlukileyo kunye ukunyaniseka enzulu engqondweni waqalisa ukuba abeke ezininzi ballets zakhe. Inkalo ebalulekileyo Prokofiev aqolileyo yaba ukusetyenziswa izithethe zesizwe zomculo, ngelo xesha elinye wavakalisa M. Glinka kunye Mussorgsky. A isici esasenza imisebenzi yakhe waba amandla enkulu kunye isingqisho esitsha: usiko novakalelo.

lemveli operatic

Kakade besebancinane, Sergei Prokofiev libhekisela fom ezintsonkothileyo zomculo, ngathi opera. Ngenxa umfana waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla ngamayelenqe opera zakudala, "Ondine" (1905), "Isidlo Xesha kholera" (1908), "Maddalena" (1911). Bathi Umqambi ngesibindi ukuhlola ukusetyenziswa iimpawu lilizwi lomntu. Ngasekupheleni imi--30 ka uhlobo opera lifumana Inkinga. Amagcisa ezinkulu akasekho ukusebenza kule uhlobo, engamboni njengoko amathuba ezichazayo, esizokwenza ukuvakalisa iingcamango ezintsha modernist. opera Prokofiev baba umngeni ngenkalipho ezakudala. umsebenzi yayo idumileyo, "ongcakazayo", "Uthando orange ezintathu", "I Lomlilo Angel", "War Noxolo", namhlanje izivubeko obaluleke kakhulu umculo zenkulungwane yama-20. abaphulaphuli Modern nabagxeki baqonde ukubaluleka kwale misebenzi, ingqiqo yabo enzulu lohadi, isingqisho, indlela ekhethekileyo ukudalwa abalinganiswa.

Prokofiev

Ikhonkco le nkundla luphawulwa umqambi ukususela ebuntwaneni bakhe, wenza izinto dramatism emininzi imisebenzi yakhe, ngoko ke Ngokubhekiselele uhlobo ballet kwakunzima ubhalo. Nolwazi Sergeem Dyagilevym eyabangela ukuba le mvumi ukuba athabathe ukubhala ballet "I Tale of the jester, ezizihiba asixhenxe pereshutivshego" (1921). Isincoko ayethule kwi entreprise Diaghilev, kwakunye misebenzi ilandelayo: "Le Pas d'Acier" (1927) kunye "I Wolahleko uNyana" (1929). Prokofiev - ballet ebalaseleyo umqambi omtsha kangaka kubonakala ehlabathini. Ballet "Romeo and Juliet" (1938) waye kwincopho ubuchule bakhe. Namhlanje, lo msebenzi ufake zonke zemiboniso phambili ehlabathini. Kamva, yena kudala omnye umsebenzi wobugcisa - ballet "Cinderella". Prokofiev wakwazi ukuqonda lyricism yayo efukamileyo kunye uhadi kwezi imisebenzi yakhe emihle.

"Romeo and Juliet"

Ngowe-1935, umqambi libhekisela ibali ezaziwa Shakespeare. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko wabhala uhlobo olutsha lomsebenzi, ngoko nkqu oku kuvela ngcungela Prokofiev. Ballet "Romeo and Juliet" - zomdlalo choreographic, apho umqambi isuka izinqumo lusekiwe. Okokuqala, wagqiba ukuba ekupheleni kwembali liya kuvuya ukuba ziyangqinelana na uncwadi. Okwesibini, ogqibe ukuba ugxininise kungekhona ekungqungqeni kwangethuba, kwengqondo nemifanekiso zophuhliso. Le ndlela Abayili engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye baqhube kakuhle, ngoko ke umendo ballet eqongeni wathabatha iminyaka emihlanu elide.

"Cinderella"

Ballet "Cinderella" Prokofiev wabhala iminyaka emi-5 - i lyric umsebenzi wakhe. Ngowe-1944, umsebenzi yagqitywa ngonyaka wamnikela ukuba Bolshoi Theatre. Le mveliso iimpawu isohlwayo na imifanekiso ngokwasengqondweni, umculo, esibonakala ubuhlobo kunye neyantlukwano ezintsonkothileyo. umfanekiso unobumba watyhila iimvakalelo ezinzulu neemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo. Ukudala umfanekiso lentendelezo, lo kaVan kunye neentombi zakhe ivele impoxo yomqambi. pastiche Neoclassical abalinganiswa ezimbi baba imisebenzi phawu ekhululekile ngakumbi.

symphony

Umqambi Iyonke ukuze ubomi bakhe wabhala symphony ezisixhenxe. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, yena Sergei Prokofiev imigca emine engundoqo. Lokuqala - classic nto leyo enxulumene ukuqonda imigaqo emveli yokucinga zomculo. Yiyo le layini №1 Symphony e D Major, apho umbhali ngokwakhe ngokuba "wayengekho". Owesibini line - ezintsha, edibene ne-experiments umqambi. Oku kuquka №2 Symphony e-D Minor. 3 no-4 zinxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo kumsebenzi symphony yeqonga. 5 no-6 zisisiphumo ngamava zomkhosi umqambi ngayo. Seventh Symphony yaqala izibhengezo ebomini, nilwela ukuze kube lula.

umculo instrumental

Okwakufudula umqambi - ngaphezu kwe-10 concertos negalelo, 10 sonatas, oluninzi lamaqhosha, íOpus, etudes. line lwesithathu Prokofiev kaThixo - ombambazelayo, emelwe imisebenzi ikakhulu instrumental. Ezi ziquka kuqala concerto ivayolin, "Amaphupha" umdlalo "Legends", "mabali nabafazi Old '." Xa ilifa layo ubugcisa na Sonata ezintsha Solo Violin e D Major, eyabhalwa ngo 1947. Imisebenzi eyenzeke ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo ibonisa ukufika kwe indlela yombhali ubugcisa: ukusuka ezintsha ukuya lyricism etsolo kunye lula. Sonata lwakhe nelembande №2 ngoku yakudala abazobi abaninzi. Oku azakubalulwa iyangqinelana emnandi, ngokomoya yaye soft ubhedu isingqisho.

imisebenzi Prokofiev ngenxa ipiyano ibe inxalenye enkulu yelifa lakhe, isimbo yawo wenze isebenza zithandwa kakhulu kunye pianists ehlabathini lonke.

neminye imisebenzi

Umqambi emsebenzini wakhe wabhenela iintlobo ezininzi umculo: cantatas kunye oratorios. I cantata lokuqala "Zisixhenxe kubo," yabhalwa nguye ngo-1917 phezu imibongo yi K. Balmont waza waqala ukubabulala lokulinga. Kamva wabhala enye imisebenzi emikhulu 8, kuquka cantata "Songs imihla yethu", oratorio "Ngomhla Guard wehlabathi." Prokofiev usebenza abantwana isahluko ekhethekileyo emsebenzini wakhe. Ngowe-1935 Natalia SATS uyimema ukuba ukubhala into theatre yakhe. Prokofiev ngomdla iphendula le ngcingane kwaye kudala tale Symphonic odumileyo 'uPetros Wolf ", nto leyo umfuniselo engaqhelekanga lombhali. Enye biography page umqambi - umculo Prokofiev ngokuphathelele le movie. PIU yakhe imifanekiso-8, iyileyo iye yaba umsebenzi enkulu Symphonic.

Emva 1948, umqambi leyo nentlekele enobuchule, imisebenzi kwelo xesha yaphumelela kangako, ngaphandle nje ezimbalwa. Ubuchule umqambi namhlanje ingqalelo Classic, kwaye iye wafunda lukhulu amanqaku.