Ukubunjwa ngekhonkrithi kuba isiseko: ngokwesahlulo 1m3 nganye. Le ikhonkrithi for isiseko: nokwakheka

Okubhalwe ethandwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa eziphathekayo. Ngaphandle kokuba awukwazi ukwakha nayiphi na indlu okanye umkhondo nokufakelwa. Eziphathekayo - impahla kakhulu ixesha elide, kwaye ukuba ukomeleza kugunyaziso, amandla kunye ihlala zandile kakhulu.

Isiseko nasiphi na isakhiwo sisiseko onikela nje ubunzima lonke isakhiwo, kodwa umoya nekhephu imithwalo. I ngakumbi na, lo oluphezulu nangaphezulu ukuba ukwakha.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi iziseko: ngekhonkrithi monolithic lwesamente, amathumba, ikhonkrithi precast.

Umxube eziphathekayo

Xa isakhiwo ngamnye enye yezi ntlobo uthandwayo kwesiseko - ibhanti monolithic. Kuyinto elula kuyilo, kokuphelisa imfuneko izixhobo ezizodwa ngokuzimeleyo ukuxuba eziphathekayo ukuze isiseko. Emisiweyo - ukwakhiwa udweliso lweenkqubo mxube kunye ratio zabo. ukungathobeli kwayo ukusebenza kuza kukhokelela umonakalo mbandela. Endaweni lubuyisela owomeleleyo ixesha elide, ungafumana i izakhiwo buthathaka kuxhomekeke intshabalalo ekhawulezileyo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukwakhiwa ke eziphathekayo ukuze isiseko. Olinganise amacandelo ngomxube ukuba zigcinwe ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu.

Ukuze ufumane lubuyisela yodidi oluphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise elungileyo nokugalelwa. Ukubunjwa iqulathe ngomxube wesanti, isamente, ilitye nakhandiweyo okanye igrabile kunye namanzi.

isanti

Kunokuba zendalo okanye ezenziwe ngumntu. Ubungakanani yamasuntswana isusela ukusuka 1.2 ukuya 3.5 mm. Isanti kufuneka simahla naziphi ubumdaka ezifana udongwe, intlenga kunye namanye, ngoko ukufikelela ukusulungeka umbandela, kuyimfuneko ukuba anele kwaye ohlambulukileyo. Xa usebenza phantsi kweemeko zasebusika kuyimfuneko ukuba shushu esantini. Yongeza aggregate ekhenkcezisiweyo eziphathekayo akwamkelekanga.

Igrabile okanye ilitye nakhandiweyo

Ezi izinto egalelwe na icandelo ezingundoqo somxube eziphathekayo. imali yabo kwi concrete kufuneka ibe malunga nama-80%. isayizi iqhezu isetyenziswa ukusuka mm-5 ukuya ku-70 (kuxhomekeka kumsebenzi). Ezi fillers nayo iNkosi yakuhlamba ukungcola.

isamente

Yeyona licandelo engundoqo, inxalenye eziphathekayo ngenxa isiseko, umlinganiselo yayo mxube kufuneka igcinwe kunye nangononophelo olukhulu. Kwi oku kuxhomekeke umgangatho, amandla nebakala eziphathekayo. kusetyenziswa Ngokuqhelekileyo iziseko izixhobo Portland isamente M300 okanye M400, esibonakala hardiness kunye nophuhliso amandla ngokukhawuleza. ibanga Higher kuyabiza kwaye esetyenziswa kwizakhiwo ezincinane kakhulu.

Ukuze ufumane eziphathekayo esemgangathweni isiseko, umlinganiselo, ukwakhiwa ifakiwe umxube ohlukileyo igcinwa ngqo.

lokugcinwa ngendlela isamente encinane. Xa uthenga kuyimfuneko ukuba bajonge umhla eziphathekayo zemisebenzi yezandla. Kulungile ukuba ukuthatha isamente wenza kungadlulanga kwiinyanga 1-2 eyadlulayo. Xa agcinwa ngendlela engeyiyo, uyakwazi ukufumana ukufuma kunye ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kwindawo eyomileyo ixesha elide ayikhuthazwa ukuya evenkileni. Okukhona lo isamente, i ngaphantsi uba uphawu yakhe, ngokufanelekileyo, khona apho kuya kubakho ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi ngaphantsi kwalo.

Ngoko ke, izinto zokugcina kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-6 kuya kunciphisa uphawu nge-25% kunyaka - nge-40%, yaye walawula iminyaka emibini uphawu siye sehle. Oko kukuthi, ka M400 isamente uya M200, apho kufanelekile kuphela loo umkhondo egadini.

amanzi

Eli candelo Umatshini engundoqo, inxalenye eziphathekayo ukuze isiseko. Olinganise amanzi kunye nezinye fillers ibalwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo lexinene i eziphathekayo. Kuba ikhonkrithi nzima ngayo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi, nangenxa zeplastiki - ngakumbi.

Ukusebenzisana amanzi nesamente eziphathekayo iqala a Ukuqinisa imichiza reaction. Le yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu, kuxhomekeke ngamandla ngesakhiwo. A indima ebonakalayo ngoku udlalwa nge umgangatho wamanzi, akukho uhlobo oyile ukungcola amanqatha engamkelekanga,-asidi, sulfates. Konke oku ndiya kuyaphula inkqubo eziphathekayo ephilisa. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa amanzi amdaka okanye nomgxobhozo. Umsebenzi kungcono ukuthatha ukusela.

Yintoni nokuba kangakanani ukuba

Xa isakhiwo ngamnye sele kudala ichazwa yi inani eziphathekayo ngenxa isiseko. Ukubunjwa kangangoko mxube - iyinxenye mnye isamente, nezahlulo ezithathu lamalungu amane zesanti kunye namatye otyunyuziweyo (1/3/4). Amanzi wathulula ngabanye. Ukuba formwork yomelezwa ngamandla, kwii ngcono kwisakhelo eziphathekayo na ductile ngakumbi, ukuba akunjalo, kusenokuba nzima ukuyenza, ngokukhawuleza kangaka lukhuni, amandla sayo iya kuba ngaphezulu.

Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa kwangoko kuba yintoni injongo ofuna ukuvelisa eziphathekayo. Ukuba oku umkhondo egadini, ngoko ke kufuneka ngokwaneleyo M100 eziphathekayo, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba kukungciba inxalenye iphela 1/11. Ukuba le siseko okanye esinye isakhiwo uxanduva, nesamente kwi mxube kufuneka ¼ ka ubunzima iyonke.

Xa kuyimfuneko ukunika umlinganiselo othile kunye nokwakhiwa kule ikhonkrithi ngenxa isiseko, olinganise 1m3 nganye athathwa zezi:

• Sand - 0.395 m3.
• Igrabile - 0,87 m3.
• Cement - 0,193 m3.
• Water - 0,179 m3.

Le ukuhamba kwezinto egalelwe kwaye siyabophelela kwi concrete brand M200, ukuba ufuna kwelingaphezulu, isixa ukunyuka zesamente.

Kukho into enje njenge umlinganiselo wamanzi-isamente, kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kunye nomgangatho umxube kunye, ngokulandelelana, kunye nesakhiwo yonke.

Ukuba ufaka imigangatho amanzi, ukwanda eziphathekayo plasticity, kulula ukugcina ngaphakathi formwork, kodwa kunciphise ixesha uphawu isicwangciso zidinga.

Ukufaka imali encinci amanzi ukwandisa ngumkhinkqi of eziphathekayo, ukususela stowage yabo inzima, kunye nezakhiwo kakhulu ngakumbi ukuze mgodini, ekhokelela buthathaka yonke tape monolithic. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba asebenzise isixa amanzi ukuvelisa umxube umgangatho ophezulu.

Ngokufutshane, ukuze bafumane isiseko esihle ekwakhiweni eziphathekayo, olinganise amanzi nesamente kufuneka baziphathe ngendlela apho umxube zazipakishwa ukungunda, kunokuba wathulula. Ibekwe eziphathekayo ngokuyimfuneko phantsi Kuqukaniswa, oko kwenziwa okanye vibrator ekhethekileyo zombane okanye indlela kusondele - umhlakulo, izixhobo.

Ukuveliswa ngekhonkrithi kwi Umxhubi eziphathekayo

Ukuze kube lula concreting of izakhiwo monolithic, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ngabenzi. Babe umthamo polkuba, nganye imitha cubic enesiqingatha cubic metres okanye ngaphezulu.

Indlela yokwenza eziphathekayo ukuze isiseko? Umlinganiselo omnye kwibhetshi ngabenzi ndee cishe:

• Sand - 650 kg (mninzi - 1400 kg / m3);
• macadam - 1300 kg (mninzi - 1350 / m3);
• isamente - 300 - 350 kg (malunga 6-7 iingxowa);
• amanzi - 180 kg.

Le mveliso i M300 eziphathekayo (amanani abonisa ukuba isampuli cube 10x10 cm ngekhonkrithi olu phawu uyakwazi ukumelana umkhosi compressive ka-300 kg / cm2).

Xa amashishini ukuba lokwenziwa ikhonkrithi kusetyenziswa isanti-uhlalutye umxube, apho umlinganiselo zegrabile isanti sele ife.Elona enkulu ezifanelekileyo.

Njengoko fillers bonke phantse elifanayo loxinano bulk lungabaleka emele composition ukuba isiseko eziphathekayo. Ukuphambana kwi emele ziya kuba: isamente - 25 m 43 isanti, igrabile - 90 Amanzi - 18.

emele 25 isamente - malunga 6-7 kwiingxowa (ebalwe ngalinye 1 m3 of ngekhonkrithi lilungile-mixed). Kuba sokuxuba isamente encinane kwi Umatshini emele sithathwa:

• kwentlabathi - emele ezimbini;
• nakhandiweyo amatye okanye igrabile - emele ezine;
• amanzi - sisiqingatha emeleni.

Unga pick up umyinge yesixa ukwenzela ukuba ikhonkrithi le brand efanayo, kodwa umxholo isamente kulo uya kuba ezahlukeneyo.

Ukubalwa kobungakanani efunekayo ezakhiwe ngayo eziphathekayo

Imizobo zokwakha enikwa umthamo umsebenzi elikhankanyiweyo kusetyenziswa ubunzima zonke izinto. Xa isakhiwo ngamnye, ukuba akukho projekthi, ukubala senziwe ngokwabo. Kubalulekile ukufumana ukwakhiwa lasekunene ngekhonkrithi kuba isiseko. Indlela yokubala ngayo ukuze ungaphoswa?

Okokuqala kufuneka wazi ukuba ikhonkrithi eninzi edingekayo ukuze yonke umthamo ngesakhiwo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ulinganise ubude yonke isiseko yomjikelezo. icala ngalinye ziqwalaselwe zodwa. Umz Belt ubude -. 10 leemitha ze nokubaleka, ukuphakama - 1 m, ububanzi - 0.5 yeemitha iphindaphindeka, kuvela ukuba ukugalelwa isiseko eyimfuneko 5 m3 eziphathekayo. Kwakhona, ukubala umthamo elinye macala. Emva ukufaka zonke iimali afumane, umzekelo, 20 m3 umxube.

Umzekelo: 20 m3 wayigqiba kuyimfuneko M300 eziphathekayo:

• isamente - 7,000 kg;
• Sand - 13000 kg;
• ilitye nakhandiweyo okanye igrabile - 26000 kg;
• Amanzi - 3600 kg.

Ezinye iingcebiso ukupheyiva

Ukubala ubungakanani eziphathekayo ukuba agalele isiseko, kuyimfuneko ukuba ubunzima ngenxa yongeza elinye ekhulwini 10-15 zokuqulela, ilahleko ngexesha zokuhamba, ukufakela, njl Uchitha ikhonkrithi kulo uhlobo maleko eyimfuneko 25-30 cm nganye, kunye ukugangatheka ozikhethelayo. Lo maleko kwesibini Kucetyiswa webhokisi okanye bamhlabileyo Umhlakulo mbobo kunye ukuqonda odlulileyo ukuba bundle kuyilo lwenzeke.

Ukuba imini zange isebenze ukubeka eziphathekayo phezulu isiseko, kunye umaleko yangaphambili kunye ucingo brush, susa film lwesamente. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ikamva elingcono of adhesion amatsha kunye namadala kunye eziphathekayo. Grout Kucetyiswa ukuba wenze kumphezulu entsha xa ikhonkrithi bakubamba lula, kodwa noko zibambene ngokupheleleyo. Zonke udaka evela grout film kufuneka isuswe.