Imithetho ezisisiseko ulwimi Latin. Ukwehla in Latin

Latin - into pas ulwimi (umzekelo, ukuba kukho uluhlu olubanzi affixes), lalo kwiqela Italian. It sibonisa umyalelo simahla amazwi kulwakhiwo lwezivakalisi. ukuba kwehla nezibizo inombolo kunye kwimeko njengoko kwezimelabizo kunye nezichazi (kubandakanywa participles) ziyahluka ngenani, ityala kunye nesini; zenzi sehla ngomhla abantu, ixesha, akananto kunye tyekelo. Ngoko ke, ukwehla Latin - ludidi zisetyenziswa. ukuguquguquka Ngomlomo (neziphelo kunye nezimamva) Latin yenye yezona ezahlukeneyo phakathi iilwimi Indo yaseYurophu-. Latin uthathwa ezindala e Ezolimi.

Imbali Emfutshane ulwimi Latin

ukuba Latin ekuqaleni ezithethwa Latium, Italy. Esebenzisa amandla waseRoma Republic Latin onamandla, okokuqala Italy koko bonke uBukhosi baseRoma. Inhlamba Latin iye ngokutsha kwiilwimi Romance ezifana Italian, isiPhuthukezi, iSpanish, isiFrentshi, isiRomania. Latin, Italian kunye French wazisa eninzi yamagama IsiNgesi. iingcambu Latin kunye yamandulo yesiGrike kunye magama asetyenziswa yenkolo, ibhayoloji kunye namayeza. Ekupheleni waseRoma Republic (75 BC. E.) Drevnelatinsky ulwimi yaba Classic. Inhlamba Latin okwathethwayo ifomu. Oku kungqinelwa kwi imibhalo kunye nemisebenzi bemidlalo baseRoma ezifana Plautus kunye Terence.

alphabet kade Latin yavela yaphuhliswa ehlabathini AD ngenkulungwane yesithathu. Ephakathi Latin eyasetyenziswa ukususela kwinkulungwane IX de Renaissance. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko kokufika Latin mihla, waqalisa ukuba nokuguquguquka. Latin waye ulwimi nonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe, inzululwazi nezakwalizwi. ulwimi Latin kwenzululwazi yaba ukuya kwinkulungwane XVIII, xa waqalisa ukuba bathabath 'nezinye iilwimi zaseYurophu. Ecclesiastical Latin uhlala ulwimi olusemthethweni Bona oyiNgcwele, lonke Latin lokukhula yamaKatolika iCawa.

Impembelelo Latin kwezinye iilwimi

ulwimi Latin ekwimo yakhe uthethe, ekuthiwa anento yokwenza Latin (ngengqiqo - "abantu"), waba ulwimi-praosnovoy ezinye iilwimi zesizwe zaseYurophu, bamanyene kwelinye isebe ngolwimi ebizwa Romanesque. Xa imvelaphi kwezi lwimi noFaro phakathi kwabo ngalo mzuzwana, kukho umahluko omkhulu, eyakhiwe yi-Latin sazivelela le emazweni ukuba eziliqela iinkulungwane. Latin njengolwimi-praosnova itshintshi phantsi kweempembelelo iilwimi zemveli zomthonyama.

Inkcazelo emfutshane yegrama Latin

Latin - yinto zokwenziwa, ulwimi pas ngokwemiqathango yokuhlelwa ulwimi. Leyo ke lwimi, nto leyo ilawulwa Ukuveliswa ngokusebenzisa ukuguquguquka. Ukuguquguquka aba iindidi utshintsho iingcambu amagama okanye iziphelo. amagama Latin ziquka element lwesemantiki lungelelanisa kunye nesiphelo kunye lubonakalisa ukusetyenziswa zegrama zelizwi. Ukudityaniswa nengcambu, leyo unelona intsingiselo yegama nesiphelo kudala izinto compact kakhulu zesindululo: umzekelo, amo, "Ndiyakuthanda,", eyenziwe isiqalelo kwisemantiki, lense "uthando", yaye isiphelo kuyoze, ebonisa ukuba isenzi lokuqala-umntu kwisinye kwaye isimamva.

Declination zezibizo Latin

noun avareji Latin uthengwayo yeyomnye kumaqela ezintlanu eziphambili declinations, okt ukuba iziphelo imile ngokufanayo. Declination Latin lesibizo kuxhomekeka kwimeko genitive isinye. Oko kuyimfuneko ukwazi isibizo genitive. Kwakhona, kwimeko nganye ekupheleni kwayo. declension Izibizo Latin ibandakanya oku kulandelayo.

• I sokuqala izibizo obhinqileyo, kwakunye eyindoda, abathi umntu lixakekile okanye uhlanga. 1 declination Latin wayezimisele genitive isinye isiphelo -ae. Umzekelo: persa - Persian; Agricola - umlimi. Ngokusisiseko, ukuhla yokuqala ityala ophela -a.
• 2 ukuhla Latin ikakhulu iphela unobumba - ngayo. Emiselwe genitive Xigriki isiphelo izifaniso. declension lwesibini izibizo ubudoda kule -us, -er, phezu -um avareji kunye neqela elincinane iimpawu zobufazi eziphela ngo -us.
• 3 ukuhla Latin - iqela pretty ezahlukeneyo izibizo. Zingakotshwa zahlulwe ngokweendidi ezintathu eziphambili.
  1. Ulwazi lwezandi.
  2. Noonone.
  3. Mixed. abafundi bafunde ngenyameko iindidi ezintathu zokuqala.
• Le declension yesine, ikakhulu iqukumbela unobumba y ngeendlela ilizwi sesibizo. Zimisele genitive -ūs nesiphelo isinye.
• Ukucutheka yesihlanu e-Latin ikakhulu iphela elinonobumba -X kwiimeko. Zimisele genitive isiphelo -ei isinye. Eli qela lincinane izibizo.

Ngoko ke, ukwehla Latin kakhulu ezahlukeneyo, kuba, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla, yimbonakaliso ulwimi Latin zegama. Declination kweziphawuli kulwimi Latin ayahlukanga evela izibizo. Enyanisweni, ngeendlela ezininzi uyafana ulwimi Russian, apho kananjalo declination efanayo. Iqela kakhulu ezininzi amagama in Latin - yinto declension lesibizo esiyintloko 1. Latin kwakhona kubandakanya inani lamagama ukuba gu bucala.

affixes Latin noun

Classical lesiLatini liye iimeko ezisixhenxe sesibizo. Declination kweziphawuli e Latin ihambelana izibizo ukuhla. Cinga zonke iimeko zibe sixhenxe:

• Ityala nominative kusetyenziswa xa lesibizo intloko okanye nesivisa. Umzekelo, fye ilizwi - uthando, puella - ntombazana. Yiloo nto ke uhlobo lokuqala sesibizo.
• noun Genitive athethe yelo komnye umxholo.
• Dative isetyenziswa ukuba lesibizo izindululo umphelelisi ngqo ngezenzi ezizodwa, kunye ukuzithethelela.
• ityala wesenzo kusetyenziswa xa lesibizo into ngqo kwisifundo eso yaye kunye benze ebonisa indawo oya kuyo.
• Ablative wasebenzisa ukuba isibizo ubonisa ukwahlulwa okanye nentshukumo yomthombo, ebangela ukuba isixhobo, okanye xa isetyenziswa njenge into njengesibizo kunye izalathandawo ezithile.
• ityala yokubiza kusetyenziswa xa isibizo evakalisa Ngokubhekiselele kwesi sifundo. Yokubiza udibana kwesibizo ifomu yesivakalisi, ngaphandle kwesibizo declination yesibini eziphela ngo -us.
• ityala Locative isetyenziselwa ukukhankanya indawo (elihambelana isalathandawo Russian okanye on). Sebenzisa oku kuphela kule meko.

End (isiLatin) Le ithuba sihlolisise ngokufutshane ngasentla. Umzekelo 1 declinations, ke zezi zilandelayo: -a, -ae, -ae, -am, -a, -a.

Declination zezibizo Latin esibonakaliswa iziphelo kunjalo.

conjugations kwisenzi Latin category

isenzi eziqhelekileyo Latin, ibhekisela kwenye conjugations ezine eziphambili. Conjugation - iklasi yezenzi yokuba iziphelo efanayo. Conjugation ichazwa yi ileta ingcambu yesenzi komhla wokugqibela. Ingcambu zeli xesha lakalokunje inokufunyanwa lisuswe le nethi ophela -re (-ri l otlozhitelnyh ukuba izenzi). conjugation esithi lokuqala uphela (isixando sokwenziwa) --ā-kwakhona okanye --ā-ri, umzekelo: amāre - "uthando", hortārī - "Ndiyanibongoza" conjugations sesibini - on -e-kwakhona okanye -I-ri : monēre - "ukulumkisa", verērī, - "ubagonyamele" i conjugation sesithathu - ukuba -ere, -imiqondiso: dūcere - "kukhokelela", Uti - "ukusetyenziswa"; ngenyanga yesine -I-kwakhona, -imiqondiso-ri: audīre - "uve", experīrī - "zama." Ngenxa yoko, isenzi Latin conjugated ngumntu, ngokuxhomekeke ubulungu conjugation.

Times Latin isenzi

E Latin kukho 6 amaxesha athile (time), nto leyo ngokuyinxalenye kuphela ngolwimi Russian. Ezi fom zilandelayo iintlobo-langoku:

• Ngoku.
• Elidlulileyo abangafezekanga.
• Le ogqibeleleyo elidlulileyo.
• Pluperfect ixesha (pluperfect).
• Le ogqibeleleyo elizayo.
• Ixesha elizayo abangafezekanga.

Lonke ixesha uye ifomula yayo kwaye unelungelo lemfundo. isenzi Latin lunamacandelo of ovakalelwa izibambiso.

isigama latin

Ekubeni IsiLatini ulwimi Italic, enkulu isigama yayo nayo Italic, okt protoindoevroeyskogo imvelaphi yamandulo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa intsebenziswano enkulu yenkcubeko phakathi amaRoma naphaya nje kuphela oonobumba Etruscan eLatin, kodwa emboleko amagama athile Etruscan. Latin kwakhona luquka amagama abolekwe oskov, kwabanye abantu bamandulo Italic. Kakade ke, lo didi likhulu mboleko - ukusuka Greek.

iilwimi latin

iilwimi Romance - iqela iilwimi zomthonyama impahla eyayisetyenziswa Italic iqelana of Indo-Europe, kwaye kumntu omnye - Latin. igama labo - romance - eli gama livela kwisiLatini uRomanus (Roman).

Branch Ezolimi ukuba lifunda iilwimi Romance, imvelaphi, uphuhliso, typology, ebizwa Romance philology zabo. Abantu abathetha kuzo zibizwa romanoyazychnymi. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi ofileyo iyaqhubeka zikhona kuzo. Inani labantu abathetha iilwimi Romance ngomzuzu - malunga 800 million ehlabathini lonke. Avamise kakhulu kwi qela iSpanish, ngoko ilandelwe IsiPhuthukezi kunye isiFrentshi. Xa iyonke kukho ezingaphezu kwama-50 iilwimi Romance.