Imizekelo zakuqala. Atavism kunye iziqalo: imizekelo

Atavism kunye zakuqala, imizekelo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku abubungqina elingenakuphikiswa kwemvelo kwengcamango eziphilayo. Yintoni na le magama yaye yintoni na intsingiselo ukufunyanwa kwabo nenzululwazi yale mihla?

bokuba izinto zazivelela

Evolution kuthiwa inkqubo lakho uphuhliso zonke izinto eziphilayo ukususela kokulula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha eziphilayo zitshintshiwe omnye komnye. kwisizukulwana ngasinye okulandelayo inemisebenzi ephambili emininzi isakhiwo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuziqhelanisa zabo iimeko ezintsha ebomini. Oku kuthetha ukuba eziphilayo yelo kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo taxonomic, kufuneka iimpawu ezifanayo.

Umzekelo, ukuba ngemilenze zeentaka kunye pinnipeds ezanyisayo luqulathe kwisebe efanayo. Le igxalaba, inyuke iye kunye esihlahleni. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba iintaka afunda ngayo ukubhabha oku ikhondo similise kwamaphiko, nesemanzini abemi eziguqulayo zibe lasty.Takie ekuthiwa amalungu homologous.

Enye ubungqina imfundiso yokuzivelela ezifanayo. Ngenxa yoko, izinambuzane, kunye namalulwane amaphiko. Kodwa ekuqaleni, yokuba zivela izihlunu epithelial, kunye zokugqibela ulusu nezibaya phakathi ngaphambili kunye yesiqephu angasemva. La maqumrhu aneemvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kufuneka iimpawu eziqhelekileyo lwesakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi. Le mba evela iyantlukwano iimpawu okanye divergence.

Atavisms zakuqala kunye nezifundo salandelwa komzimba lothelekiso nayo ubungqina ngqo ngolwalamano phakathi live iyonke.

Yintoni rudiment?

Abanye abasemagunyeni bathi "kuphuhliswa sekukubi." Oku kuthetha - Akwanelanga ukuba ukuphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi ekujongwe. Enyanisweni, zakuqala ekuthiwa abasemagunyeni, othe ngethuba zazivelela baye balahlekelwa intsingiselo yawo yokuqala. Kwelinye icala, ukuba enzelwe kumlinganiselo othile, yaye kwelinye - eziphezu ukuphela eqongeni. imizekelo imifuziselo amabhodlo - utshintsho imilo indlebe kunye neqondo uphuhliso izihlunu eziyijikelezileyo. Oobawo zonke umzuzu kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuphulaphula indlela ingozi okanye sokubuyisela ixesha elindelwe. Ngoko ke, lo imilo iqokobhe waba yondele kakhulu, kwaye izihlunu zinika intshukumo yayo. nekhono zanamhlanje ukuba ushukumise izikhwebu kungenakwenzeka ukuba abe luncedo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngoko ke, abantu kwezi zakhono zingafunyanwa kunqabile kakhulu.

Imizekelo zakuqala ebantwini nasezilwanyaneni

amalungu ngokwaneleyo okhokho ezendeleyo lifumaneka kwizilwanyana rhoqo ngokwaneleyo. Imizekelo zakuqala - kuba phambi ebantwini lo coccyx, yona intsalela a yomqolo nomsila, kwakunye amazinyo ubulumko ezifunekayo ukuhlafuna umxhesho ontlakantlaka kunye nokutya engekalungiswa. Kweli nqanaba, thina phantse musa ukusebenzisa ezo amalungu omzimba. Isihlomelo - a rudiment, apho umntu kuthiwa njengelifa ezitya utyani. Le yinxalenye yenkqubo yokwetyisa iienzymes kwaye inxaxheba kwinkqubo ukuthotywa, kodwa xa simthelekisa nezinyanya zethu kakhulu iyanqanyulwa. Thelekisa, umntu, ubude ngokomlinganiselo malunga-10 cm, nemvu okanye inkamela - a iimitha ezimbalwa.

Uluhlu zakuqala yabantu iyaqhubeka ijwabu wesithathu. Xa ezirhubuluzayo izilwanyana esi sakhiwo moisturises kwaye hlantswa amehlo lwangaphandle. Xa abantu, usenalo ubungakanani elincinane, kwaye imisebenzi ingentla yenziwa yi ijwabu eliphezulu. Uphawu lwesiko kukuqulungana phezu umntu phezulu esibhakabhakeni - yeyona nokuqala kumqolo olandelayo kwamazinyo, apho umntu Akukho mfuneko.

Zakuqala izilwanyana zifihlwe ngaphakathi emzimbeni hindlimbs iminenga, halters nezinambuzane dipteran kotoryeya iperi kwamaphiko ezo waziqulunqa ngokutsha. zange ziphuhliswe Kodwa iinyoka imilenze, ngokuba ngenxa awohluke nkqubo yazo oporono iimoto, kwimfuneko yokuba engekho ngokupheleleyo.

Zakuqala: iifoto zezityalo

lamalungu kufuneka kwizityalo. Umzekelo, kwesingqengqelo ukhula abe enabayo ephuhliswe kakuhle, nto leyo okusindileyo komhlaba kunye internodes evuthelweyo. Kuyinto ngokucacileyo ezikalini ebonakalayo ezincinane, ezo amagqabi sekukubi. Njengoko komhlaba ukuba ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo ezisisiseko - ukuzaliseka photosynthesis, ngoko kuphuhliso lwabo akukho mfuneko. pistil sekukubi Rudiment kwaye ngohlobo tubercle kwi staminate iintyatyambo cucumber.

Yintoni i atavism?

Obunye ubungqina kwemvelo ezazikho. Sinokuthi le ngcamango ochasa zakuqala. Atavism ebizwa kuzibonakalisa abantu uphawu uphawu wooyise. phambi kwabo nazo ibonisa iqondo elithile nomini phakathi ngezizukulwana. Kumanqanaba okuqala zophuhliso osandul kwaye nomsila kunye dj pouches. Ukuba embryogenesis kwenzeka ngokuchanekileyo, ezi zakhiwo ziya kupheza ukuphuhlisa. Kwimeko zokugxojwa inkqubo yophuhliso ekukhanyeni, ukuze abonakale abantu iimpawu uncharacteristic zesakhiwo. Ngoko ke, qiniseka, inkwenkwe kunye nomntu-zamasele - hayi nje njengephupha.

atavism indoda

Ukongeza ukubonakala umsila obabuthandwa atavism abantu aba kakhulu iinwele umzimba. Maxa wambi iphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo. Kukho iimeko xa iinwele iye isale umzimba uphela ngaphandle amasundu kweentende zeenyawo. Atavism ingqalelo nasisihlo unamadlala ezongezelelweyo mammary emzimbeni, kwaye ezifana lunokwenzeka kuzo zombini abasetyhini kunye namadoda. Olu phawu livela ezanyisayo, apho wazalelwa abantwana abaninzi. Ngoko ke kukho imfuneko ukuba bayinyuse bonke ngaxeshanye. Xa abantu, akukho isidingo esinjalo.

Zikumgca wesibini amazinyo - nazo ziyavela ezendeleyo ookhokho bethu kude. Ngokomzekelo, omnye ukrebe lemiqolo eziliqela. Oku kuyimfuneko kuba ezizingelayo kakuhle zifake ubambe ixhoba. Kukho uluvo lokuba kungathathwa ezazikho kunye microcephaly. Kuyinto yokugula ebonakala ukunciphisa isayizi kwengqondo ukakayi. Kulo mzekelo, zonke ezinye ibathwana omzimba eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukukhubazeka engqondweni.

Umntu pryavlyaet ezinye iimpawu izilwanyana ngohlobo ingqondo. Hi xikombiso, le hiccups luphawu ngokuqhelekileyo emanzini yamandulo. Le basabela kuyimfuneko ukuba kudlula amanzi ngokusebenzisa isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. A reflex ukuqonda, nto leyo ziphuhliswa ingakumbi kakuhle abantwana, kuba kubonisa sisilwanyana esincancisayo enjalo. Baya ibambe iinwele ngabazali babo, kungekhona ukuze kungonakali.

Atavism lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo

Imizekelo ekubonakalisweni uphawu wooyise nezilwanyana imbonakalo zewulu okanye nemazi yexhama imilenze ku whales. Oku kububungqina imvelaphi yezi izilwanyana ezanyisayo extinct neempuphu. Atavism kwakhona kuphuhliso iminwe ezongezelelweyo ngamahashe mihla, abehla amalungu e iinyoka kunye malovane legless. Primroses maxa wambi kube ukwanda kwenani stamens kunye 10 Ngoko kakhulu kwiminyanya izityalo mihla. Nakuba iintlobo mihla 5 kuphela stamens.

Ubangelwa utshintsho mvelo

Njengoko ubona, niguqukele kwiziqalelo kunye atavism kwenzeka iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana. Oku kubonisa iqondo elithile nomini phakathi kweeyunithi ezahlukeneyo taxonomic ngaphakathi kummandla efanayo. utshintsho mvelo njalo kwenzeka bejonge yokuntsonkotha okwandayo, ukuze eziphilayo abakwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa ngcono neemeko zokusingqongileyo okanye inyi.

Cinga nje ngomzekelo niguqukele kwiziqalelo kunye atavism, siye sabona kwindlela yoluntu yehlabathi eziphilayo ukuyondelelana kwendlela ingcamango yokuba izinto zazivelela.