Njani na ilizwe ngasentla apho kukho imeko-Asiriya? Imbali imvelaphi yayo

EMesopotamiya - ilizwe ngasentla apho kukho imeko-Asiriya. Ngelo xesha, oko kwavusa zoMoya ezifana yiSumere, waseAkkad, neBhabhiloni. Nangona kunjalo, oku iba imo-Asiriya ye okokuqala kwimbali ubukhosi behlabathi.

ekusekweni kwesiseko

EMesopotamiya yayimi entilini imilambo ezimbini - i iTigris umEfrate, owenza yaye igama layo yesibini - aram. Umhlaba lo mmandla ikakhulukazi ezifanelekileyo zokulima. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iidipozithi ebonakalayo yobhedu intsimbi, ukuba abantu baye bafunda ukusingatha. Enyanisweni, le ndawo sele zikhona malunga-25 eminyaka.

Ababhali-mbali babala ukusuka wayila yokubhala ukuya kuloyiso emiphethweni bamaPersi. Abaphandi ukunciphisa eMesopotamiya zimbini zixelwe ngentla imilambo: i vekele kunye umEfrate. Eli lizwe kumntla apho kukho imeko-Asiriya. Impendulo kumbuzo indlela ukusekwa ubukumkani, ukunika mbali.

Nkqu kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka wama-III nkulungwane BC. e. e Arabia, imozulu itshintshile. Ngenxa yoko izizwe isiJuda kwanyanzeleka ukuba aya embindini kumlambo iEfrati. Kukho abantu ugalelwe ioli-Asiriya amandulo. Ngaloo kwasekwa ilizwe olihlwempu.

eziphilayo plain

Okokuqala, le ndawo ngokuphawulekayo emva abamelwane yayo. abemi ubukumkani Sizibandakanye wokufama angamahilihili. Ehlwayelweyo izilimo. Ngobuciko kulinywa yerhasi nespelete. Le izitiya ezi iintlobo zeziqhamo zavuthwa. Baba izidiliya emangalisayo. kwakungekho inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela. Ukufuma kuzisa imvula nekhephu.

Kodwa umsebenzi engundoqo kuzingela. Kamva baqala domesticate izilwanyana, ngokufuya iigusha. Ngaba Asiriya kunye namahashe. Zazisetyenziswa zombini kuqoqosho kwaye kwimicimbi yasemkhosini. Sebenza kunye nezilwanyana kwaba nzima ngokwaneleyo. Ebusika, le ndawo unokuwela kwikhephu. Ihlobo lashushu ngokugqithisileyo kangangokuba loo ilanga ezingekomiswa umhlaba kwaseluthulini karhulumente.

Ukususela emaphandleni kurhulumente onobungangamsha lo mbuso iye yanceda nokuguqula urhwebo. E eMesopotamiya, lo mzi inkulu ixesha. EMesopotamiya - it kwakhona ilizwe ngasentla apho kukho imeko-Asiriya.

Urhwebo njengendlela eya empumelelweni

Imbali ubukhosi enkulu lwaqalisa isixeko elincinane kumantla eAsiriya. Igama layo wokuwonga elaa sithixo. Into ikakhulu kumiwa ngabarhwebi. Xa BC ngenkulungwane XVI. e. ukuba uhlanga zorhwebo. Esi sixeko saba wabulela zizityebi kakhulu kwindawo yayo. Lowo ulele ekudibaneni kweendlela zorhwebo, kunye nabarhwebi owayesuka eMesopotamiya ukuya ngasempuma umva, ukulungele kuphumla kule ngongoma. A ixesha elide, umzi alukhange lufumane inkululeko yezopolitiko.

I ukongeza imali kwi wokulondoloza imali, kanti urhwebo ngamakhoboka. Le meko yaba lifana eMesopotamiya yamandulo (lizwe ngasentla apho kwakukho imeko Asiriya).

Imbali (Grade 5) iyasixelela ukuba eMesopotamiya eyayiyinxalenye waseAsiriya phakathi kwisithuba ngokulandelelana ukusuka IX ukuya BC ngenkulungwane VII. e. Kwaye eli xesha kuyimfuneko kwinqanaba Sredneassiriysky na.

ziqwempu ixesha lokugqibela ngaphambi xesha Staroassiriysky. Ngoko ngokufutshane ubukumkani yafumana inkululeko. Ngowe-1970 BC. e. amandla kudluliselwa kubemi yokuqala zomthonyama waseAsiriya. Nangona emva kweli nqanaba kwezi ndawo izihlandlo eziliqela ngokwabo phantsi kwegunya nabanye abalawuli.

inkosi umsebenzi

lizwe State yabangela ukuba lo kumkani. Le isihloko sifo. Umbusi kuzo zonke iimeko ekhokelwa yi iimbono aziingangamsha, namadoda amakhulu. Kuba ixesha elithile irhuluneli becala ezandleni zakhe zonke izithuba ezingundoqo. Wadlala indima yombingeleli, inkokeli yomkhosi kwaye babaleka uqoqosho.

Lonke ixesha Staroassiriysky, lo mmandla elwela inkululeko yawo. Yaye XIV-IX iinkulungwane. BC. e. wambi Asiriya woyisa amazwe wezwe. Okulandelayo, amandla lalilawulwa Mitanni eselumelwaneni.

Kwathatha eziliqela, yaye kungenxa yoko ubukumkani hlobo yokuphanga zehlabathi bafunda igama lizwe, kumntla apho kukho imeko-Asiriya.

Imvelaphi ubukumkani

Kwiminyaka 1300 ukumkani waseAsiriya uAshur-uballit mna ngomthetho ndafa ozakuzo kunye nobuqili ndahlukana ilizwe labo bahlaseli, waza wathabatha amanyathelo okuqala ekubunjweni bukhosi. Omnye ezihlangwini zakhe ezikude Adad-nirari ndawakhupha mbandela ekupheleni. waqala Eminye gains ixesha kunye nelahleko ahlala imimandla. Ngamanye amaxesha le ndawo liye lancitshiswa izigaba kwinkqubo yangaphambili. Amaxesha amaninzi, ilizwe elo ke igqunyiweyo ngamandla ukumkani, wehla waya mkhumbi komlambo iTigris. Eyona njongo iphambili yale imisebenzi ngoko wamajoni, nokuphangwa. Ngeendleko zabo, kwaye bazizityebi lizwe.

Ukuvela ngurhulumente Asiriya ekuqaleni kule BC ngenkulungwane XI. e. Waza ke ukumkani uTigilati-pilezere I. umkhosi wakhe uye kuqhutywa amaphulo angaphezulu kwama-30 ngempumelelo, nto leyo ikhokelele kwintsimi bubalulekileyo kwikhompyutha. Kodwa yenzuzo ngakumbi iindlela zorhwebo, leyo kwaphinde phantsi kwamandla waseAsiriya.

Emva koko, phantse engamakhulu amabini eminyaka, eli lizwe wahlaselwa ukuhlaselwa mbuya. Wabakhokela mmandla lobunzima Adad-nirari II.

impi

ixesha lokuchuma weza uBukhosi Neo-Asiriya. Ngomhla we sigaba X-VII kwiinkulungwane BC. e. Ngeli xesha, Ushintsho olutsha ziye zaziswa. Loo mkhosi igcinwe ingqeqesho olungqongqo. Amajoni ke ingakumbi enogonyamelo. Kamva, nkqu eMesopotamiya, ilizwe ngasentla apho kukho imeko-Asiriya, ayikwazanga ndoqhayisa igunya umkhosi enjalo.

Umlawuli uTigilati-pilezere III yaba ngcungela ngokwenene kwintsimi emkhosini. Kuqala kwinto zonke, wacel umthetho ekuthi ngawo bantu umkhosi aqeshwa. Inyathelo lesibini - ngoku emkhosini ezibe kulondolozo karhulumente ngokupheleleyo. Inani amajoni ukufikelela 120 000. Ukongezelela, umkhosi yahlulwe zomzimba, kwakukho phakathi. Kwakukho nkqu ababhali ababenoxanduva izibalo. Umzekelo, njani bathathwa amabanjwa amaninzi, yintoni elungileyo bakwazi ukufaka. Army nabaculi bamkela. Enye inkalo uphawu eli xesha - labavumisi.

Umlawuli omkhulu

Ngale ndlela umkhosi gidi. Ngoko ayimangalisi into yokuba ihlabathi liphela wayesazi, kumantla elo lizwe ezivele isimo-Asiriya.

Elinye iqhinga umkhosi - senqwelo. Amajoni on neenqwelo itsalwa ngamahashe amane, zaba mbandela imizuzu ukuba singene ngasemva utshaba kwaye izibetho zam ezibulalayo. Ukongeza, kule ubukumkani kwakukho abantu Sizibandakanye phantsi kunye ngokutshatyalaliswa kwesixeko abagcina ukuziphendulela. Into ebalulekileyo yomkhosi bezise, kunye iintlola.

A lot of okulungileyo kwilizwe bakhe uTigilati-pilezere III kunye nakwezinye iindawo. Ngokukodwa, wafudukela ezinye iintlanga kwintsimi enye, ngaloo ndlela ukuxuba izithethe nenkcubeko. Ngoko ke, lo thanga nga ri na xona amandla ngokwaneleyo ukulwa ubukhosi.

ukoyisa esisigxina kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo ngempumelelo urhulumente wazisa ubutyebi enisinike kunye nabasebenzi cheap.

Ekuweni ubukumkani

VII BC. e. Yangqineka ibulale ukuba olu hlanga. Ngcembe waqalisa sikhundla walo yombuso. EMesopotamiya, ilizwe ngasentla apho kukho imeko-Asiriya, elindele ukuba urhulumente omtsha. Umlawuli elilandelayo eli lizwe laba eBhabheli. Yeyona ubukumkani kunye iimbaza angabamelwane wangena imanyano ukuze alwe utshaba. ngokwemikhosi yabo kuhlaselwa ngeendlela ezimbini. Nge ubukhosi idabi nganye elahlekileyo imizi yayo emikhulu.

Kodwa ukufa waseAsiriya - yaba indlela zembali. ookumkani bakhe kunye amadoda abo amagazi yaye ukhohlakele, ngoko limele yi nokuzingxala ngokutya kwabo. Control ukuze abantu abaninzi izakungenzeki. Kwenye okanye omnye ummandla ladubula uqhushululu.

esikhulu esibubukumkani akazange ukumelana ifuthe waseBhabheli namaMedi, bawa. Zonke nezazi wabulala, esi sixeko kutshatyalaliswa. Buyisela amandla alo yangaphambili akuphumelelanga. Abantu beli lizwe umhlaseli yaba Limi lwamazwe ezahlukeneyo.