Yintoni umsebenzi lysosomes kwiseli

Kweli nqaku, sicebisa uqwalasela umsebenzi yenyani kwiseli. Ukongeza, siye sinikele ingqalelo injongo yale organelle nesakhiwo sayo.

Njengoko libonakele, yenyani - yinxalenye ye kwiseli nganye. Kwaye konke sibona, oko bamchukumise, yaye thina ngokwethu - lo umbangi wawo, equka amasuntswana ezininzi ezincinane. Iseli kwiibloko zokwakha eziziziqalelo zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni emhlabeni. It Unazo inani leempawu evumela ukuba ume phezu yayo:

• nethe yakhe;
• ukukwazi ukuba nokuzala;
• proliferation (self-ukuvuselelwa);
• uphuhliso.

Kwaye ngoku siye iyanikela eyithandayo thina organelles, cinga isakhiwo sayo nokuphawula umsebenzi yenyani kwiseli.

enembonakalo yenyani

Ngoku ngakumbi sihlalutya iinkcukacha kule organelle kwaye zikunika kunye yokuhlela. Ngaphambi kokuba ukudwelisa cinga umsebenzi lysosomes esiseleni, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhankanya imbali emfutshane lo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo. Ezi zithutha ezincinane ukuba izazinzulu okokuqala baye bafumana de Duve eziseleni esibindini. Esi siganeko senzeke kwi-imi- 50 lwekhulu XX.

Yenyani - umngxuma ezele ezahlukeneyo enqanda hydrolytic (ukuba nakubalwa iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-80). It ingqongwe inwebu, kwaye kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba enye. Chwetheza data organelles ayikho ncam, kwiimeko ezininzi imilo ngeenxa zonke, ububanzi elingagqithanga 0.8 micron.

Lysosomal ndizayo abe ubukhulu efanayo, permeability, ukuba utshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo kweemeko ezithile. Ngoko ke, labilizatorami (ukutsho oko, kwandisa permeability) zezi:

• thyroxine;
• hormone;
• Vitamin A;
• yelanga eyingozi;
• -X-reyi;
• mpilo kunye nabanye.

Yiba nomkhwezeli:

• prednisolone;
• cortisone kunye m. p.

Kwizisele ezahlukeneyo asiyonto inani elifanayo lysosomes, inkoliso yabo iwela iiseli ukuba umsebenzi phagocytosis. Imizekelo sebenza macrophage okanye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Kufakwe ezo ekwaziyo edalwayo, secretion kunye zinomgutyulo. Zezi:

• iiseli epithelial;
• amathumbu;
• sezintso;
• wesinye t. d.

Ngoku ngokufutshane ukuhlelwa le yenyani. Yabelana iintlobo zazo ezimbini: eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. yokugcina zaseprayimari igama. Phakathi zasesekondari kungathiwa:

• phagolysosome;
• tsitolizosomy;
• iiseli residual.

imisebenzi

Ngoku sinikezela ezimbalwa khetha nemisebenzi lysosomes kwiseli. Ngoko ke, apha zezi zilandelayo:

• ukugaywa yeselula;
• autophagy;
• autolysis;
• ukunyibilika izakhiwo zangaphandle.

Kwaye ngoku iya chaza ngokufutshane intsingiselo yala magama. Malunga kokudla autophagy zeselula kwaye uyakwazi ukufunda ngakumbi iinkcukacha kamva. Ngoku - malunga umsebenzi olwenziwa xa iseli yenyani ukufa.

Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba autolysis. enokwaphulwa yenyani inwebu, okubangela ukukhululwa enqanda akhoyo kulo. Njengomgaqo, bayahluleka ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi wayo ophambili njenge de-activated esiseleni kukho icytoplasm.

Ukophulwa iseli enye - akunamsebenzi, kodwa yintoni eyayiza kwenzeka ukuba zonke lysosomes phula isakhiwo sayo? Emva koko kuza kokufa weseli. Umzekelo okuphawuleka ukufa autolysis umsila frog tadpole.

ekugayeni

Siye okhankanywe ngaphambili ukuba lysosomes esiseleni enze umsebenzi yokwetyisa. Siyakumema ukuba sihlole kabanzi kule nkqubo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, le lysosomes bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini, kule meko ngeemeko ezizisekondari vacuole yokwetyisa. Yeyona umsebenzi ukwetyisa kwiseli. It ukhandwa lokufaka ingqiqo yokulwela lysosomes eziziprayimari phagosomes.

vacuole sokugaya uba ubungakanani enkulu, ukuya kutsho kwi 1.2 microns. Iqulethe inani elikhulu kakhulu inclusions. Apha kunye nezinto apho nokusetyenzwa, abanjiswe ehokweni. yaye ngokufuthi kangokuba zifunxe yi haydrolisis ibe amasuntswana ephantsi ubunzima eziphilayo. Le yokugqibela lula kugqitha inwebu of lysosomes. Okulandelayo, kufuneka ukwenza organelles iseli entsha.

autophagy

Kwaye yintoni umsebenzi oluqhutywa lysosomes yeseli? Sele bathi phakathi kwabo kukho izabelo ezifana autophagy. Le nkqubo luphawulwa amacandelo ziyathathwa ekutshatyalalisweni yeseli kunye lysosomes. Total ukwahlukanisa iindlela 3 autophagy:

• micro;
• macro;
• shaperonovuyu.

Xa yenyani Kwimeko yokuqala, kwaye nokhupho kobutyobo kunye eziswini ukuze amandla okanye isakhiwo eziphathekayo. Le nkqubo lwenzeka ngexesha lokuzila. Ngexesha macroautophagy kwenzeka autophagosomes ezimbaxa lysosomes leyo ekhokelela autofagolizosomy ukwakhiwa. Izityalo zokugqibela futofagosom kwetyiswe. Uhlobo lwesithathu ibonakala kuphela ezanyisayo ngamaxesha embandezelo. Nale hlobo autophagy lwenzeka zothutho ekujoliswe iiproteni lysosomes.