Impucuko kwezobugcisa: inkcazelo, imbali, uphuhliso, iingxaki namathemba

impucuko zeteknoloji Modern inemisebenzi ezininzi ezingundoqo. EliyiNtloko phakathi kwabo kukuba kuluntu enjalo kwindawo yokuqala kusoloko inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nenkululeko ngamnye.

Ukuvela elithi

Igama elithi "impucuko zeteknoloji", okanye "technocratism", wabonakala ngo-1921. Kuba okokuqala oko eyasetyenziswa ngezentlalo Thorstein Veblen. Kwincwadi yakhe "The iinjineli kunye nenkqubo ixabiso," umphandi yagxininisa ukubaluleka iinzame ezibambeneyo ngoosonjineli wonke umhlaba ukuze ubomi uphuculo emhlabeni.

Le mbono ngokukhawuleza zaye zasasazeka kakhulu kuluntu lwezenzululwazi. Abalandeli Veblen baqhubeka wokuhlola komanduleli yayo. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi noko impucuko zobugcisa. Kwindawo yokuqala kwaba njalo nakubachasi kwi yemveli yoluntu. Loo impucuko luphawulwa yinyaniso yokuba amalungu ayo izama ukugcina khuselekileyo kwindlela obuphila ngayo ngaphambili. Bona sikhokelwa yesithethe kwaye kabuhlungu ubunzima utshintsho. Kuyinto uluntu kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo kade. impucuko kwezobugcisa yakhelwe ijikeleze bachasayo imigaqo - inkululeko ngamnye, inkqubela, ezintsha kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, ukukulungela ziqhelane utshintsho ngokukhawuleza.

Imithetho impucuko mveliso

Technocratism - yinto yimpucuko (okt indlela inkampani), kodwa kwakhona ideology kuphela. ukuchaza kwayo bakholelwa ukuba akukho nto ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso yenzululwazi. Ngelo kuphuhliso xesha zobugcisa kukhokelela utshintsho kubomi bentlalo. Ukukhula Technical - akukho mnandi nje ukuba izazinzulu. Kwakhona yindlela yokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi zentlalo (umzekelo, ukuba ukususa umsantsa ophakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu).

impucuko Modern (umntu-eyenziwe) utshintsha nje kuphela abantu egodukayo, kodwa inkqubo yezopolitiko. Le ideology ithetha ukuba urhulumente kufuneka ukuyongamela inkokeli akuyo, iziko kakuhle amandla. Le nkqubo elawula ilizwe umsebenzi kuluntu technocratic ngaphandle ngokuphathelele kumgaqo-nkqubo ethile. Enyanisweni, ubuntu uba umlawuli ecaleni kwendlela. Kwindawo yokuqala umatshini icacisa, leyo, ngenxa ukuhamba boluntu kuphakamisa kuphela abaphathi ophezulu ezikumgangatho ophezulu, hayi populist, bethembisa unyulo abavoti ezintabeni zegolide. impucuko kwezobugcisa ilawulwa ziingcali - ngabantu abasebenza kudala wafuna abanezakhono kakhulu intsimi yabo.

IMVELAPHI ukubonakala

Namhlanje kunzima ukukhanyela ukuba isayensi injini iphambili inkqubela. Noko ke, isimo sengqondo kuphuhliso kobuchwepheshe kuye bekungasoloko kamnandi. Naxa abantu sele eyashiya xesha ubuqaba, inzululwazi iye oluninzi ukuhluleka elide. impucuko yehlabathi yokuqala eyayikho Kwamandulo, Kakade ke, libhekisela kwiqela kubantu bemveli. Kuzo zonke indawo ebalulekileyo awayephantsi izithethe namasiko.

Le nto ifunekayo ukuze ukuvela impucuko mveliso yokuqala onokubonwa kwi polis yamandulo yesiGrike. Zizo ezo izixeko ezimeleyo, indima ebalulekileyo kubomi babo wadlala iinkcuba kunye izazinzulu. Imigaqo-nkqubo zaye zilawulwa idemokhrasi endaweni unya wezinto a despot. Kule mizi, umkhosi izinto ezenziwe ngabantu ezibalulekileyo.

Alwe yemveli yoluntu

Umahluko phakathi yemveli yoluntu kunye nempucuko zeteknoloji yeyabahlali. Ngoko ke, abantu iinkulungwane ezininzi ukungqina ilungelo labo inkqubela. Uphuhliso ebalulekileyo impucuko zobugcisa yaqala XV-XVI iinkulungwane., Xa eNtshona Yurophu wafunda ubukho Yehlabathi Elitsha. Ukuvulwa umhlaba ezikude bawubona umdla abemi belimiweyo yamaKatolika. I izama kakhulu kwaye phulo baye baba omkhulu kunye nabahloli. Bethole kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo nokwandisa ulwazi bakhaya. Le nkqubo ayikwazanga kuchaphazela imeko xa iyonke engqondweni. Ekugqibeleni, isixa-lwazi ngomgangatho.

Enye miqobo eziphambili kuphuhliso ekuqaleni uluntu ezenziwe yinkolo. Church ephakathi eYurophu yaba liziko ebalulekileyo - yokomoya nezopolitiko. abamelene wakhe wathi ngabaqhekeki zize zitshiswe esibondeni. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI eJamani owazalwa intshukumo yoHlaziyo. ngungqondongqondo Its Martin Luther wakhuthaza ukulungiswa ebandleni. Xa umshumayeli, kwintlaninge abaxhasi, kuquka amakhosi German njengenkosana. Kungekudala baqalisa umzabalazo wezigalo phakathi amaProtestanti namaKatolika. Oku kwabangela kwiMfazwe Yeminyaka Engamashumi (1618-1648), emva koko siseko inkululeko yonqulo iye yasekwa kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu.

Ifuthe inkqubela kwezoqoqosho

Le uluntu elitsha uye izibonelelo kude ngakumbi ngenxa yemfundo. iiyunivesithi Vula, abantu bafunde kwaye ufumanise olujongwayo lubonwe. Ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa kuye kwakhokelela ekukhuleni koqoqosho. izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana lomsonti okanye, umzekelo, kukho kwibhoyila umphunga, Unike amanye amazwe ukuba ukwandisa imveliso yabo nokuphucula ntle yabemi.

I-revolution industrial yenkulungwane XIX wenza eNgilani ubukhosi behlabathi kunye amathanga zonke iindawo ehlabathini. Kakade ke, ukuba kukho impucuko zeteknoloji. Iingxaki yophuhliso yayo ngenxa yokuba abantu baye baba ziinkosi ihlabathi liphela, kungekhona nje ufunde ukusebenzisa izibonelelo zawo.

Ukubaluleka eziphathelele amalungelo oluntu

Ngexesha Renaissance kunye yiEnlightenment kwakukho Yindibanisela iingcamango ezininzi zehlabathi lamandulo kunye impucuko yamaKristu. Kwiimbono entsha ifumene kwezi iziseko ezibini kuphela ezona. Ngokukodwa, ukuba uthando womntu. iingcamango Ukukhanya ke ukuba akukho nto umntu obaluleke kakhulu ehlabathini.

ngoku Le migaqo zenza isiseko-siseko kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini. Chelovekotsentrichnost lwabhengezwa kuqala ingcamango engundoqo emva kokuba isibhengezo ukuzimela yaseMelika. Umgaqo-siseko weli lizwe entsha yonke inkululeko mihla eziphambili yamakhaya lukhuselekile. Indlela efanayo kwiminyaka embalwa waya eFransi, apho kwakukho uguquko watshabalalisa indlela endala ubuso neNgonyama elondoloza epheleleyo. Kwixesha elizayo, kuba omnye iinkulungwane ezimbini, imibutho ezahlukeneyo iindlela zabo bafuna eziphathelele amalungelo oluntu, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuthelekelela impucuko lobuchwepheshe.

Obunje impucuko mveliso

Xa Ngenkulungwane XX, abantu kunye nempucuko zeteknoloji bafudukela neqonga entsha yophuhliso lwayo. Ngeli xesha, kakhulu ekhawulezayo isantya utshintsho ekuhlaleni. Namhlanje, phezu ubomi kwisizukulwana esinye thina ukuze njengoko kwaba iinkulungwane eziliqela phambi kokuba kakhulu entsha. impucuko kwezobugcisa kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba "nasentshona", sigxininise indawo imvelaphi yayo. Namhlanje, woonongendi engundoqo imiyalelo efanayo yobukhulu - Europe nase-United States.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba namhlanje intlekele ekuyo i-impucuko mveliso Soze yenzeke, ngenxa yokuba imithombo uphuhliso yayo ingabi kummandla omtsha wezenkcubeko njengokuba phambi (lwekoloniyalizim, njalo njalo. D.), kunye nokumiswa ngokutsha umyalelo okhoyo. Impumelelo ephambili inguqu ukusuka yemveli yoluntu ukuya technocracy nga kuthathelwa ingqalelo utshintsho lwamaxabiso. Namhlanje le nto kubalulekile ukuba naluphi na uluntu na ezintsha, into entsha, njengoko isenzeko.

impucuko Traditional lobuchwepheshe kwaye ndawonye. Ngoko ke, uluntu lwale mihla iphawulwa ukusasazeka onamandla kuzo zonke iimbombo planethi. kubantu bemveli ngokwabo ukuba lixesha wadibana ngezinto zobugcisa zakutsha nje. Thina abalandeli yesiko kunye nenkqubela iintshaba kukho enye kuphela indlela yokusinda kwihlabathi lanamhlanje - ukubeka inkampani yakho ithi gca endleleni yodwa. Ngoko ke uhlala of North Korea, nto leyo ungayamkeli kokufunyanwa West kwaye ayixhase neentlobano kwezoqoqosho.

Man and Nature

Enye amahlandinyuka olubaluleke kakhulu kweli impucuko mveliso ebesoloko Umnqweno womntu waboyisa indalo. Le ndoda zange nangoko bafunda ukuba anyamekele kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo. ntliziyo yakhe ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwemithombo yendalo badla kukhokelela iintlekele eyenziwe ngumntu, ngaba ziyingozi kwindawo esirhangqileyo. Kuthotho imizekelo efanayo kuchazwe iChernobyl ntlekele. Oku kunjalo xa abantu kakhulu ngokukhawuleza akufika kuloo ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa obutsha, baye wabadlali ukusisebenzisa. Uhlanga lwesintu ekhaya enye kuphela. sengqondo ezingenangqondo ngayo indalo - enye yeengxaki eziphambili technocracy.

Kuba ilungu kuluntu lufuneka ngokwesiseko ukuzibandakanya imisebenzi zenguqu. Yiyo nale mthetho singazidibanisa amaxabiso impucuko zeteknoloji, enkosi kuwo rhoqo utshintsha amabala alo.

Beka umntu eluntwini elitsha

Ukufika lwempucuko mveliso itshintshile indawo komntu ekuhlaleni. Xa yemveli yoluntu, abantu buxhomekeke kakhulu ngamandla njengowongamileyo, izithethe kunye nenkqubo nangokodidi ekuhlaleni.

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, umntu elizimeleyo. Umntu ngamnye uyakwazi ukutshintsha imeko, abafowunelwa, ngokwemigaqo yawo umsebenzi ngokuthanda. Akuyi ebotshelelwe uhlobo engqongqo. indoda Modern ukhululekile. Ukuzimela kuyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso ubuntu kunye self-ukubonwa. impucuko kwezobugcisa, nto leyo esekelwe sunguleni kunye nokuvuleleka, ikhuthaza kwaye ixhasa nobuqu ngamnye.