Iseli Prokaryotic - cell ephilayo pre-nuclear

Iseli Prokaryotic - kukuthi, enyanisweni, amalungiselelo nje umzimba, leyo ugcina iimpawu wooyise. Baya ngendlela zabelwe ukwahlula ubukumkani Monera, nto leyo ibandakanya iintsholongwane kunye icyanobacteria (blue-green lisiza).

Yintoni na ngoko "lilihle" isakhiwo eziphilayo pre-yenyukliya? iseli Prokaryotic akanayo inucleus, singqongwe iqokobhe zabo, mitochondria kunye plastids. Xa iziko kukho nucleoid kukho icytoplasm (nucleotide), nto leyo equka esinye isakhiwo nukleproteidnoy benza thunzi DNA. Esi sakhiwo kuthiwa chromosome yebhaktiriya. Bodwa amagciwane iseli kwakunye nezityalo blue-eluhlaza siyahlukana eliphakathi lwangaphandle kwentsunguzi udonga iseli okanye philisi kunye inwebu yangaphakathi. Udonga yunithi nezakhiwo zokusebenza kakhulu sakhiwa murein kweziyobisi (ukusekwa iiprothini kunye carbohydrate), nto leyo elenza umsebenzi amathambo ngaphandle, enika imilo kunye nokukhusela iiseli ukusuka ezenzeka ngaphandle. Le inwebu yangaphakathi iye le misebenzi ilandelayo: ukhuseleko, ukuthuthwa, kwaye ngokwahlula imbono nokushukunyiswa.

Isakhiwo yangaphakathi iiseli prokaryotic lubonisa ukuba kukho icytoplasm nokubunjwa kwayo wanzonza kakhulu kunolo lwe nuclear (eukaryotic). Iqulethe ribosomes, eziyimfuneko ukuze protein yokuqaphela. Kwakhona kukho isakhiwo inwebu, apho kusebenza njengoko organelles ongekho - mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, Golgi kunye plastids. Umzekelo, iseli prokaryotic uba kovalo equmbile, leyo kuthiwa mesosoma. Kulapha ukuba inkqubo yokuphefumla namandla release ntsholongwane.

Kwakhona, eziphilayo pre-nuclear bayakwazi sporulation, kodwa musa zizala nabo. Imbewu okanye cysts kukho inwebu bubanzi ukunceda iintsholongwane ukuba basinde iimeko ezimbi kubo. Ukuxhasa ubomi neemeko ezingezo-core ayakwazi ukugcina izondlo - amafutha, carbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo.

Iseli prokaryotic phinda kwiyantlukawano, lolu kunye conjugation. indlela yokuza- ixhomekeka kuhlobo iintsholongwane okanye icyanobacteria. Ukwahlulwa kunye amagqabi - iindlela ukuvumela ngokukhawuleza ukunyusa ubungakanani labemi. Conjugation okwenzeka E. coli, inkqubo ngokwesondo, nto leyo inegalelo ukwahluka yemfuza ngayo iintsholongwane.

Ngenxa yoko, prokaryotes - Iseli pre-nuclear, ezo musa ukuba ngokusesikweni ngumongo iseli kwaye evinjwa organelles ezininzi ndizayo, kodwa ukukwazi ukutshintsha. Ukuze bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa abahlala kwindawo apho kungekho mntu uphila ngakumbi - a reactor yenyukliya, amaqula ioli. Inani elikhulu abameli zobukumkani Monera na ebangela isifo kwaye ingadala nezahlukahlukeneyo izifo ebantwini, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo (segazi, tonsils, isifo sephepha). Kwakhona, ezinye Cya bahlala ngokuncedisana eukaryotes (symbiogenesis), umz nitrogen iintsholongwane eziguqula ingcambu ukuba ikoloni iingcambu legumes.