Amathambo zobuso: i nokwakheka. amathambo zobuso le yokakayi

skull yabantu kwifomu ogtogeneze ivavanywa utshintsho olubalulekileyo. Esibelekweni esanda kuzalwa ukhakhayi yomntwana esondezwe ngakumbi, ngenxa yokuba ingqondo kuphuhliswa ngakumbi yaye ukuba usokhaya ifuna enkulwana cranial. Imilo yokakayi yahluka njengoko amazinyo akhule kwaye ezisisigxina ukuhlafuna izihlunu.

Iintlobo amathambo yobuso

Yaba lukakayi amacandelo zobuso nobuchopho. Umda teka phakathi umva kunye eludinini Orbital. amathambo Cranial are flat. Bajoyine ezivuzayo ukuba ukuvumela ukukhula onke amathambo cranial. Emva ukukhula kwabo kwamathambo oyekayo.

Icandelo ngaphambili yokakayi nto ndiyibhalayo ngeempumlo kunye ukuqanda ngomlomo. Ngu unpaired ziquka:

• ithambo ethmoid;
• somhlaba;
• ithambo hyoid.

Of kwisibini ume ngaphandle:

• i yemihlathi eliphezulu;
• ithambo ngeempumlo;
• incisive;
• lacrimal;
• malar;
• okwedada;
• ithambo iPalatine;
• imihlathi lasezantsi;
• turbinate.

Makhe siqwalasele onke amathambo ukakayi yobuso.

maxilla

Le ithambo igumbi ngomphunga. Siqulathe lomzimba kunye neenkqubo ezine. Umzimba iquka sinus maxillary, nto leyo enxibelelana umngxuma ngokubanzi zicandeke nakumarhanana. Umzimba iquka imiphezulu ngaphambili, infratemporal, lwamehlo kunye ngeempumlo.

phezulu Front ngokumila phakathi. On emdeni wayo ummandla infraorbital ngezantsi apho ibekwe khona ukuvulwa luvo infraorbital kunye nempahla. Phantsi kwalo - imbobo ekwimo fossa canine. Emphethweni medial emise isaphetha wonqanyulwa kakuhle, apho indawo ngaphambili ngokuphawulekayo kwisisu ngeempumlo. Izenzo ungqameko olungezantsi kwaye kudala umqolo ngeempumlo.

Ukusuka komhlaba Orbital kudala udonga esezantsi Orbital ukuba imilo kakuhle phakathi ntathu. Kule ndawo weli cala medial ngayo ngomda kunye ithambo lacrimal, ipleyiti Orbital kunye ithambo. Xa umva komda uhamba nxamnye fissure esezantsi Orbital ukusuka apho iqala emseleni infraorbital. Front uguqulwe emjelweni infraorbital.

indawo Infratemporal idaliwe ukusuka pterygopalatine kunye infratemporal-palatal mihadi. Front ukuba ecandwe inkqubo zygomatic. Imela ngokucacileyo induli kwemihlathi, apho owaqalisa lo mingxuma alveolar, lwaba imigudu. Ezi ndlela asebenza kwenqanawa luvo wayalela ukuba imihlathi.

umphezulu impumlo eyenziwe mphandle ezintsonkothileyo. Oku kuhlanganiswa kunye ithambo zezulu kunye elisezantsi Shell impumlo, ndisiya nakumphezulu ithambo palatal. Phezu ngokucacileyo razschelina ebonakalayo maxillary ngohlobo kanxantathu. Phambili wabonisa kakuhle ukuba kukho umsantsa nkqo, oludityaniswe kunye iqokobhe ezisezantsi ithambo ngeempumlo lacrimal.

Eminye yobuso ithambo ukakayi iyaqhubeka umhlehlo ngokungqalileyo osusela imizimba kwemihlathi eliphezulu endaweni Ukuhlanganiswa imiphezulu ngeempumlo, lwamehlo kunye ngaphambili. Enye ekupheleni kwenkqubo kuza isaphetha eli ithambo ngokungqalileyo. Phezu komphezulu osecaleni kulele Crest, lacrimal adlulele kummandla infraorbital, delimiting emseleni ukukrazuka. Phezu medial yi igridi ikama kummango exhuma amathambo zygomatic.

inkqubo Zygomatic, eshiya emhlathini, nayo converges kunye ithambo zygomatic.

ithambo Alveolar - ipleyiti engqindilili elinye icala phakathi, kunye nezinye - khaxa ukusivala emhlathini. edge awo - it emathambekeni arc alveolar (izinyo Lune) 8 kuba amazinyo aphezulu. gumbi Alveolar ukuqinisekisa izahlulelo ngokufumaneka mezhalveolyarnyh. ukuphakama Ngaphandle eyabelwe, ingakumbi ichazwe ngokucacileyo kummandla sobuKristu.

isibhakabhaka nakumlibo i ipleyiti tye. Yena evela kumphezulu ngeempumlo, apho uya ithambo alveolar. kumphezulu wayo Phezulu gingxi kwaye kudala udonga emazantsi lweHo- ngeempumlo. Umda medial nelinyaziweyo kummango bayavuswa, nto leyo idala inkqubo palatal, edibanisa kunye ngohlangothi nezembe.

Inowuthi uburhabaxa ngaphezulu yahlukile, uze ume phezu ngasemva emseleni iPalatine. Edge medial liqhagamshelene umhlehlo efanayo kwelinye icala, apho inkalakahla nzima. Edge phambi baqhaqhe basike channel nangasemva - kudityaniswe ithambo palatal.

amathambo iPalatine

amathambo yobuso zidityaniswe kunye unpaired. ithambo iPalatine ibhekisela kwisibini. Le ibandakanya ipleyiti nkqo nethe tyaba.

Incence oxwesileyo iye omane. Kunye ePalatine outgrowths ithambo na isibhakabhaka. Isitya oxwesileyo bottom unalo kumphezulu rough. kumphezulu ngeempumlo, ngokuchaseneyo, kuba egudileyo. Therealong kunye nomhlehlo ibekwe Crest, ngeempumlo maxillary adlulele kwethambo impumlo.

Aa Incopho na udonga ipleyiti zibandakanyiwe lweHo- ngeempumlo. Kumphezulu wayo zisecaleni emseleni na isibhakabhaka enkulu. Yena, kunye vee kwemihlathi yangasentla kunye nomhlehlo ithambo sphenoid, ukudala ijelo isibhakabhaka enkulu. Ukuphela kwayo imbobo. Phezu medial ye kwipleyiti, ngeembadada crests tye - omnye igridi ngexesha elinye - esinkini.

Ukususela ithambo iPalatine ummandla yobuso intamo kumka Orbital, pyramidal kunye waso nesinqumka-ezimile. Eyokuqala ihamba yokuxazulula kwaye phambili, oshukunyiswa yesibini phantsi, ngasemva yokuxazulula kwisiza iipleyiti uqhagamshelwano kwaye eyesithathu uhamba emva medially ngokuthi uyidibanise kwi ithambo sphenoid.

vomer

Qwenge ingamathambo unpaired zobuso intamo. Le plate trapezoidal leyo ise lweHo- ngeempumlo kwaye kudala hlulo. Verhnezadny umngcipheko yatyeba ngaphezu kwezinye iindawo. Oku kwahlulwa kubini, kwaye na inqu emqeleni kwakhiwa phe ngomlomo kunye Crest, wethambo sphenoid. Edge diff eyahlula choanae, ezantsi - edibene nakummango impumlo iPalatine bone kunye ngaphambili - enye nechibi ekudibaneni ngeempumlo, kunye nezinye kunye nembasa ithambo ethmoid.

ithambo ngeempumlo

Ngababini bone skull ebusweni thaca ithambo ngeempumlo, ukudala ithambo umva. Le imbasa kunye ezimbombeni zone, emphethweni eliphezulu liyajiya kwaye sincinane, kunalawo angawona asezantsi. Elidityaniswe kuyo ithambo ngokungqalileyo, lateral - kunye nenkqubo ngokungqalileyo, kwaye elisezantsi kunye nenkqubo nesiseko ngokungqalileyo lo umda yomgodi lweHo- ngeempumlo. Umphezulu ngaphambili ithambo abe kwindawo ogudileyo, kwaye ngasemva - phakathi emkhusaneni isisele.

ithambo lacrimal

La mathambo abantu zobuso intamo nazo nesithandwa sakhe. Banikela ipleyiti kunokuba ethe eluhlobo a quadrangle. Ngayo, udonga phambi komzila. Xa phambi kokuba kumanyana kwinkqubo ngokungqalileyo, phezulu - kunye ngohlangothi ithambo ngokungqalileyo, ngasemva - kunye nembasa ithambo ethmoid, ekuqaleni equka kumphezulu wayo medial. Phezu komphezulu osecaleni ime Crest, lacrimal iinyembezi ngentola ekupheleni. A siyihambayo emseleni lacrimal.

cheekbone

Nesinye isibini bone, ekuhlanganiseni amathambo yokakayi yobuchopho kunye nobuso. It limelwe iindawo Orbital, zexeshana kunye osecaleni, kwakunye neenkqubo ngokungqalileyo yaye temporal.

Umphezulu lateral qho Ikwadrilatherali iintlobo Orbital nodonga komzila kunye kummandla infraorbital, zexeshana kunye - inxalenye fossa infratemporal.

khala Frontal kunabela phezulu kwaye nezenyama - phantsi. Yokugqibela yenkqubo zygomatic iifom arch zygomatic. Bone imihlathi eliphezulu zixhonywe kwindawo wona aqoqiwe.

umhlathi asezantsi

Le ithambo cranial mobile kuphela. Kuyinto unpaired kwaye iquka nomzimba oxwesileyo, kunye namasebe ezimbini ezithe nkqo.

Iqumrhu uzimisele enembonakalo intsimbi yehashe kwaye zombini umphezulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. edge awo into eqinileyo kwaye elirhangqiweyo, yaye inxalenye ephezulu kunye kudala alveoli alveolar zamazinyo leyo yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye zokwahlula.

Phambi kusesilevini indawo Buze elandayo kunye ajike abe chin tubercle. Ngasemva kukho foramen engqondweni, emva koko kuza umgca elibhalwe ngokumileyo.

Embindini ingxenye engaphakathi emhlathini esezantsi kwiwebhsayithi isilevu yomqolo, ngapha nangapha apho kukho lume fossa 2-esiswini. Ngasemdeni eliphezulu, kufuphi alveoli amazinyo, lo fossa sublingual, luphuma phantsi apho umgca kwemihlathi-hyoid buthathaka. A line ibekwe phantsi fossa submandibular.

bemihlathi Setyana umphunga, iye ezinemiphetho ngaphambili nangasemva, yangaphandle kunye umphezulu ngaphakathi. Kwi inxalenye olungaphandle ihlafuna elibhaqiweyo, yaye ngaphakathi - tuberosity pterygoid.

Branch iphela ngaphambili nangesemva waso ukuba bandise phezulu. Phakathi kwazo kukho clip emhlathini asezantsi. inkqubo sobuKristu - coronal, Walathe phezulu. ikama Buccal ikhokelwa noseko lwalo nezinyo olukhulu. A condylar diff nomhlehlo akugqiba intloko, nentamo elisuke umhlathi asezantsi.

ithambo hyoid

Amathambo yommandla yobuso lesiphelo ukakayi hyoid ithambo, nto leyo ibekwe entanyeni phakathi kwingqula kunye umhlathi ongezantsi. Oku kuquka umzimba kunye ezimbili ngokohlobo iimpondo ezinkulu nezincinane. umzimba bone egobile, inxalenye ngaphambili - khaxa nangasemva - phakathi. Emacaleni ukuphambuka neempondo ezinkulu phezulu, yokuxazulula yaye umva - encinane. Ithambo hyoid elinqunyanyisiweyo ngamathambo lukakayi ngu izihlunu kunye nemisipha. Okuhlanganiswe kwingqula.

isiphelo

Xa sifunda amathambo yobuso ye lukakayi, ukwakheka komzimba utsalela ingqalelo kuqala bonke ngengingqi esinzima kwi imiphezulu komphakathi nomphandle wocango, leyo wachaza into yokuba kukho ubuchopho, ganglia kunye amalungu nemizwa.

Amathambo zokubhala (ngaphandle umhlathi ongezantsi). Bona okwenziwa ezahlukeneyo beentanda kwi, yaba lukakayi, ubuso, kwakunye ngalo intlala kwi amalungu kwisiseko cranial.