Imvelaphi elithi "chemistry": yeengcinga hayi kokuhluma nje

Nokuba 3000 iminyaka BC wabonakala igama elithi "chemistry". Le nyaniso singqina engenakuphikiswa zoku amacwecwe ngoonobumba i afumaneka bemba izidumbu izixeko zamandulo waseYiputa Asia Minor. Imvelaphi yegama elithi "chemistry" kunzima ukumisa. Abaphandi baye bazinikela kulo mba ixesha elininzi neenzame.

elidlulileyo ekude

Buyela kwi AD ngenkulungwane IV Zosimus esegumbini evela Panopolis Greece yamandulo babekholelwa ukuba igama elithi "chemistry 'sisuka kwigama elithi" Jemez ", oko kukuthi, igama elifinyeziweyo ka uHermes. Olu lwazi yamandulo umlinganiswa efunyenwe ngohlobo ebizwa ngokuba "isityhilelo kaThixo", waba kwesilumko, edume ngexesha lakhe.

Ngokutsho legend yamandulo, namaqhawe omkhulu loMlawuli Aleksandra Makedonskogo wafumanisa engcwabeni kwesilumko edumileyo, umbhalo apho yakwazi ukuwuqonda. Le entry ukuxela ukwamkelwa kwabo ofihlakeleyo "Stone Philosopher kaThixo". Ngokutsho abaphengululi amandulo, ngokusebenzisa oko ajike nasiphi metal ibe yegolide. Kakade ke, inzululwazi iye kubonakele ukuba izindululo ezicetywayo umphengululi yamandulo akukho "yentanda" Stone ayisebenzi.

okucingelwayo zembali

Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba imvelaphi yegama elithi "chemistry" linxulumene yamaGrike yamandulo kwaye kuthetha nobugcisa ukunyibilika zesinyithi, kuquka igolide. lexicographer yaseByzantium, owayephila X-XI BC ngenkulungwane, wayekholelwa ukuba eli gama kuthetha ukulungiselelwa isiliva kunye negolide. On the Chinese amandulo, igama elithi "igolide" ngabaphilileyo ingoma, "kwemichiza-kim." Abemi baseYiputa yamandulo ke kuthiwa, okanye, "Chemie", baba ekhemisi ezibalaseleyo ngexesha lakhe, yaye ngokufuthi imvelaphi elithi "chemistry" linxulunyaniswa igama lizwe. Ukususela ngelo xesha ukugcina iiresiphi ukupheka iziqholo namayeza. Ngoko ke imbali ngemvelaphi yegama elithi "chemistry" enemvelaphi yayo eYiputa yamandulo, kwaye ingqiqo ngokwayo efanayo ibinzana elithi "inzululwazi umYiputa."

I "kwiiyunivesithi 'kuqala

Ukuqhubeka ibali lethu encinane malunga ngemvelaphi yegama elithi "chemistry". Kwi-BC Ngenkulungwane III e Alexandria (eYiputa yaMandulo) eyasekwayo Academy yokuqala Sciences. "Ubugcisa Sacred", njengoko bathi malunga chemistry, kwakhiwa isakhiwo eyahlukileyo, leyo kuthiwa uSerapis itempile. Kwixesha elizayo, sijongene nombono "alchemy", nto leyo yaziswa yi-Arabhu. Baye ufake isimaphambili ukuba ingcamango "chemistry" olwaziswe amaYiputa. bamachiza abaninzi iminyaka eliwaka, kunye ikhombisa elimangalisayo wayesilwa imfihlelo ukufumana igolide ukusuka kwisiseko iintsimbi. Nokuba imfihlelo, "ilitye sobulumko" okanye emfihlekweni "alkahest" nto leyo kumaxesha amandulo yayigqalwa isinyibilikisi jikelele. Iresiphi ukulungiselela ezi zinto twi nakubani kwaye zange kwaziwa. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ukususela kwinkulungwane ukuya kwinkulungwane, alchemy wayeqalisa ukufumana kanye isakhiwo zemichiza mihla. Sobulumko, ugqirha, owayehlala kummandla Tajikistan, Abu Ali al-Hussein, eyaziwa ngokuba uAvicenna, lo gama sele nako ukufumana nitric, sulphuric kunye zehydrochloric acid, potassium hayidroksayidi kunye sodium hayidroksayidi. Njengoko indawo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu alchemy Uyekile ukwenza efanelekileyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII.

Ngemvelaphi ixesha lethu elithi "chemistry" lu dityanisiwe ngelizwi emva kwexesha Chimia. Yinto efanayo le IsiNgesi ilizwi chemistry, isiJamani kunye French chemie Chimie.