Inaliti yokukhupha: i-overview, imibono, iinkcukacha kunye nokuphononongwa

Ngethuba lokuqala i-LP yadalwa ngo-1931. Iinjineli ze-RCA zafumana ukukhawuleza kokudlala kwe-33.33 rpm. Le nkqubo yaxhotyiswa ngenaliti yensimbi ene-chrome. Kwimifanekiso ye-USSR yenziwe ngeentlobo ezimbini: i-electromagnetic kunye ne-piezoelectric. Imfanelo engaphendulwanga yabelwa okokuqala, kodwa imveliso yesininzi yahlengahlengiswa okwesibini, njengabancinci. Ezi zikhuni zeeveli ezilandelayo zenziwe:

• GZK-661 (kwishishini lanamhlanje - GPP-311);
• GZKU-631 (ngoku - GPP-301S).

Ukwakheka kweencwadi

Intloko yentloko yenzelwe ukuba i-oscillation mechanics iguqulwe ibe ngumbane. Umgangatho ozwakalayo unqunywe ngolu hlobo lweesaliti. Xa ugqiba inkqubo, intloko iphakanyiswe kwi-tonearm, enezixhobo kunye neempawu ezidibeneyo kunye nezixhobo ze-GZS.

Ukuba nezixhobo zebhajethi, akunakunceda ukuphucula idivayisi ngokwakho, ukufaka intloko echanekileyo. Ukuba inaliti yentloko yesipopu kunye ne-tonearm isingqinisiso, iplati izandile zizityebi, zigcina imibala, imiyalezo yesandi.

Iphepha lisebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: inaliti ishicilela njengoko idlula kwiplani, ifowuni iguqulela isindululo kwiimfudumandla zombane ezithunyelwa kwi-amplifier kunye ne-acoustics system. Ukongezelela kwimizekelo ekhankanywe ngasentla, iqulunqwe:

• Ifowuni;
• Ukuxhobisa.

Idizayini nganye inezinto ezintle kunye nobubuthakathaka. Namhlanje, izithinteli zomsindo ze-electromagnetic zikhokelela. Uyilo luquka:

• Magnet;
• Ikhoyili yezwi.

Khetha

Inaliti yokukhupha ibonakaliswe ngamal parameters alandelayo:

• Amandla okuqhawula;
• Ibanga lexesha eliqhelekileyo;
• U bunzima.

Iinkcukacha zixhomekeke ekubeni zininzi iziteshi ezingadlalalwa ngokwahlukileyo, ngaphandle kokungena.

Umsindo kunye neMpawu

Iintloko zamagnetic zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Umtshini ohambayo (MM);
• Ukuhamba ngekhoyili (MC).

Iimodeli zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nesimo esiphezulu se-teknoloji sineenkomfa ezihambayo xa umninimzi odibanisa naye ngexesha lokudluliswa kweentshukumo. Njengoko umatshini uhamba, kodwa i-inductor enesigxina ikhona, kukho indawo engummangaliso eyakhayo eyenza iqalisa amandla okhethwa yi-electromotive. Izinzuzo zokwakha:

• Ukulula kwemveliso;
• Umbane wokuphuma ufikelela kwi-0.8 mV.

Inkulu enkulu inaliti yepopu, enkulu inkulu intloko ngokubanzi, iphakamileyo inkunkuma ye-system, oko kukuthi, ukuguqulwa kokuvelisa kuncipha. Ukuveliswa kwe-frequency frequency kuhlupheka, umgangatho wokuhlukana kweeshaneli uhla. Inkqubo ithatha imithwalo, efuna ukuba ufake i-capacitive phono correctioners.

I-MS yintloko ye- vinyl incintl, apho i-magnet iqalisa intsimi rhoqo. Umbane we-Electromotive uphonyiswa ngumqhubi wekhoyili. Ekubeni i-magnet ayifaki, ukufaka inxalenye ebanzi ayiyikuhlaziya izicwangciso zokudlala. Inkundla yamagnetic igcina ukufana, okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesandi. Iitsalane zokupasa ze-vinyl ezincinane zinikezela ukuhanjiswa kwesiginci.

Ukungahleleki kwenkqubo kukuhla kwamandla ombane. Akunakwenzeka ukudibanisa ipopu kwisiteji se-phono, okokuqala kufuneka ungeze i-transformer kwisiphaluka. Umdlali usebenza ngokusemgangathweni, ukuba uyakhuseleka kwii-pics.

Omnye umehluko phakathi kwe-MS kunye ne-MM iintloko yinknoloji yokubuyisela izakhi. I-MM-inkqubo ivumela utshintsho kunye nombane. Yenza ekhaya ngaphandle kokuba namava amaninzi. Intloko ye-MS iya kuthunyelwa kwisitolo sokulungisa okanye ithunyelwe kumenzi.

Kodwa ukukhawuleza kwenaliti ye-pick up ngokuvamile i-elliptical kuzo zombini iintlobo zeentloko. Iinkcukacha zesakhiwo zinceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesandi kwisiqingatha. Ukwandisa uluhlu lweefrikansi ezifumanekayo kumdlali.

Inaliti kwiNgcaciso

Ukugqoka kwenyama kubalwa ngokuhlolisisa inxalenye phantsi kwe-microscope. Ukuze uqonde ukuba lixesha lokutshintsha inaliti ye-radial, unokubona amaqhekeza achithekileyo kwiindawo apho inxalenye idibene nayo. Ukuba loo mveliso igugile, iba yintantathu. Inaliti ephahlayo ingaphazamisa kalula iivinyls ezibiza.

I-Gramplastinki iqokelela kwi-grooves udoti, ukwandisa ukuthotywa kwemveliso. Iiphakamiso eziphambili zokuqala kunye nexesha elide isetyenzisiweyo, isantya ihamba ngokukhawuleza. Xa ukhetha umkhiqizo, qiniseka ukuba umenzi uchaze ubomi bendawo. Eyona nto ikhiqiza inqubo ekubalweni kwamahora angama-500-1000 wokudlala iingoma.

Iqondo lokugqoka alisoloko lihambelana nedatha yepaspoti. Emva kokubamba amawaka eeyure zokusebenza, le nkqubo ayilahlekelwa yikhono lokuvelisa isandi, kodwa umgangatho wayo uhlahloka. Ukubonakala, isantya sokugqoka sinokuhlolwa ngokusebenzisa i-microscopes:

• Ukungenelela;
• OMbane.

Xa wenza indawo, yenza iirekhodi, ubeke umthamo ombalwa we-96kHz / 24bit. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthelekisa umgangatho wezwi emva kwexesha lokusebenza.

Iimodeli

Omnye wabameli bamhlanje beklasi yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali yinaliti ye-MF 100. Ixabiso li malunga ne-ruble enye nehafu. Umenzi-nkampani-Japan Stylus Co. Inxalenye iyahambelana nabadlali baseSoviet.

Inaliti ye-Unitra pickup yenziwe ePoland. Ukuthandwa ngokubanzi kweenkcukacha yi-80s yekhulu lama-20. Kuyafaneleka ukufakwa kwiPoland, abadlali baseSoviet. Ixabiso lihluka ukusuka kwesinye nesiqingatha ukuya kumawaka amabini nganye. Ikopishwe kwi-Dutch "Tonorel".

Izilingo zanamhlanje

Ukuvakala kwenyameko kuyimodeli yaseDenon DL 110. Kwi-resistance koutom 30 kOhm. Ubunzima obunentloko - 6.2 g, amandla okubamba ngokugqithiseleyo - 2.4 g. Ukugxininisa kwi-lever kuqiniswa. I-damper i-piezoelectric. Iintlobo zemizekelo:

• Unokufakwa kwirediyo;
• Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweplate.

Ixabiso li malunga nama-ruble angama-33,000.

I-Denon DL 115 inaliti iyimfuneko.

• Ukuphakama - 15 mm;
• Ukumelana - 38 kOhm;
• Amandla okuqhawula - 2.3 g;
• Ukungalingani kwe-2.3 dB.

Inaliti isinyithi, umzimba wepop isiplastiki. Iindleko eziqhelekileyo ngama-ruble angama-24000.

Ukuphuhliswa okuhlangeneyo kwabenzi baseJapan nabaseNew Zealand - iTaitora. Ixabiso lemveliso ngu-25000 ruble. Izixhobo:

• Intloko ye titanium;
• Amandla okuqhawula - 1,8-2,2 g;
• Umda wekhanda ngowama-7 x 30 microns.

Ama-ruble angama-1500 yintsimbi yokutshintsha i-Audio-Technica AT92ECD. Isisindo esingu-0.3 i-ounces kuphela, sinesayizi ye-8 * 1 * 6 intshi. Imveliso yenziwa e-USA. Ifanelekile iiklipriji ze-elliptical.

Iingxelo zeGZM

I-GZM-105 - iimveliso ezixabiswa ngabaqeqeshi. Izinto ziyi-conical, eziphelisa iingubo zamacwecwe. Amandla ombane amandla amakhulu, ukugxilwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, isici se-piezoelectric. Ngokwempendulo yomsebenzisi, loo mveliso inokwethenjelwa kwaye ihlala ihleli.

Baqaphela ukunyaniseka kweenaliti ezifakwe kwiintloko ze-GZM-133. Iipopu zixhotyiswe nge-capacitive damper kunye ne-compact piezoelectric element. Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwiplati, ukuba umdlali efakwe loo nto, gxotha ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqulunqa

Xa ukhetha inaliti, qwa lasela ukuba uphathisa kangakanani iplati, nokuba indawo yendawo iyamkeleka, kwaye kukuphi ukutsalwa kunye nabadlali umveliso udibene. Impahla ayihlambulukanga, intengo yezinye iikopi iingu-makumi ezama-ruble. Ukuba izinga eliphakathi, ixabiso lihluka malunga ne-2-4 yekopi nganye. Kukho ixabiso elincinci - ukuya kuma-ruble ama-500-800. Ukugcina okanye ukuthatha inaliti, esetyenziswe ekusebenziseni, ayikhuthazwa. Khumbula ukuba inxalenye embi iyonakalisa iplate.

Iifayile eziphambili ngoku zenziwe eJapan. Uninzi lwabadlali beSoviet. Ungalibali ukucacisa ukuhambelana kwemveliso xa uthengi.