Indlela lwesemantiki ulwazi yokulinganisa: kakuhle, nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kunye neepropati

Lwesemantiki ulwazi womlinganiselo indlela - yintoni na le nto? Apho lusekelwe? Ziyintoni iinjongo kunye nemisebenzi ukuba enze? Konke oku siza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

ulwazi jikelele

Kwezinye iimeko, indlela yokulinganisa ulwazi kwisemantiki? Sebenzisa eli kwicala lolwazi, isiqulatho umdla umyalezo ofunyenweyo - ukuba kubonakala ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Kodwa kuqala, makhe ukunika izyasnenie oko fanekisela. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela yokulinganisa ulwazi lwesemantiki - kuba indlela enzima ngokusesikweni, nto leyo ukusekwa ngokupheleleyo. Oku kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo intsingiselo kwi data esele zifunyenwe. Ngamany 'amazwi, ukuba inkcazelo eninzi evela wafumana kuyimfuneko kule meko. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukugqiba kwicala umxholo data ezifunyenweyo. Kwaye xa sithetha malunga indlela yokulinganisa ulwazi lwesemantiki, sisebenzisa ingqiqo yamagama, nto leyo kuhlangene kunye nesihloko phantsi ingqalelo. Kuthetha ntoni amele?

thesaurus nomkhangeli

Ndingathanda ukwenza intshayelelo emfutshane uphendule umbuzo ube mnye malunga indlela lwesemantiki ulwazi womlinganiselo. Ngubani akubeka? Uphakamise ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela umseki cybernetics Norbert Viner, kodwa wafumana luphuhliso olungathethekiyo phantsi kwempembelelo compatriot A. yethu Yu. Shreydera. Yintoni nethesarasi? Eli gama lisetyenziswa ekuchazeni iseti lolwazi ngolwazi yomamkeli. Xa sithelekisa nethesarasi kunye umxholo womyalezo, nemali leyo efumaneka, unako ukufumana phandle kuye kwanciphisa ngayo ukungaqiniseki. Ndingathanda ukulungisa impazamo enye, phantsi kwempembelelo inani elikhulu labantu zigula. Ngoko, bakholelwa ukuba le ndlela yokulinganisa ulwazi kwisemantiki yaziswa yi uClaude Shannon. Akwaziwa ngqo njani kwenzeke oku isiphoso, kodwa lo mbono engalunganga. Klod Shennon laqalisa umlinganiselo manani lolwazi, "ezihlangwini", kwaye kuthathwa esemantiki.

Indlela womzobo ukwenza isigqibo isixa ulwazi lwesemantiki kumyalezo ezifunyenweyo

Yintoni udinga into uzibekele? indlela lwesemantiki yokulinganisa ulwazi kwi computer usebenzisa ithuba nomfanekiso idatha yabo indlela eziluncedo ngayo kwezobuGcisa data ngohlobo imizobo ngokulula ayifundeki. Kuthetha ntoni oku kuthetha ku umkhuba? Ukucacisa le meko iyelenqe kwigrafu. Ukuba umsebenzisi akukho ulwazi kakuhle eli isigidimi safunyanwa (lingana zero), ngoko ke isixa ingcaciso yesemantiki iya kuba elingana nexabiso efanayo. Ngaba unako ukufumana ixabiso eliphezulu? Ewe! Ngoko wabiza yamagama, apho isixa ulwazi eliphezulu kwisemantiki. Makhe sijonge a umzekelo ngokukhawuleza. Masithi umsebenzisi ufumene umyalezo abhalwe ngolwimi olungaziwayo angaphandle, okanye umntu unokuyifunda ikuthethayo, kodwa kuba kuye akukho ndaba elide, kuba yonke into iyaziwa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo sithi ukuba umyalezo uqulathe a zero ulwazi lwesemantiki.

uphuhliso zembali

Mhlawumbi sifanele sithethe ngayo kancinane ephezulu, kodwa ileqeka ayikho kakhulu emva kwexesha. Ekuqaleni, indlela yokulinganisa ulwazi kwisemantiki wazisa Ralfom Hartli ngo-1928. Siye okhankanywe ngaphambili ukuba njengokuba umnyibilikisi elikholisa ukubizwa uClaude Shannon. Kutheni kukho isiphithiphithi enjalo? Inyaniso kukuba, nangona indlela lwesemantiki yokulinganisa ulwazi Ralfom Hartli iye yaqaliswa ngo-1928, ezishwankathelwe ngo-1948, yaba Klod Shennon kunye Uorren Uiver. Emva koko, umseki cybernetics Norbert Viner wabumba ingcamango indlela le nethesarasi, ethe wafumana ukuqondwa liphezulu ngokohlobo amanyathelo ayilelwe Yu. I. Shneyderom. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuze uqonde oku, kufuneka umgangatho olude aphezulu olwazi.

ukusebenza

Yintoni usinika indlela thesaurus xa kusenziwa? Yena isiqinisekiso yokuveliswa kwithesisi ukuba ulwazi unalo ipropati nje isalamane. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unalo ixabiso ozalanayo (okanye luluvo). Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola cala ulwazi lwenzululwazi, savelisa ingqikelelo thesaurus jikelele. izinga lotshintsho ibonisa ukubaluleka kolwazi ukuba abantu ufumana. Oku akuthethi kuthi kanye yintoni umphumo ukuphela (okanye esiphakathi) zingafumaneka kwi ulwazi. Thabatha, umzekelo, iikhompyutha. Iikhompyutha wadala ngenxa lobuchwepheshe tube, kwaye bit karhulumente isiqalelo ngasinye noshowo yaye yayisetyenziswa ekuqaleni ukuba izibalo. Ngoku, phantse wonke umntu into isebenza ngokusekelwe obu bugcisa: radio, ngomnxeba, ikhompyutha, TV, laptop. Nkqu iifriji mihla, cookers kunye nokuhlanjwa ziqulathe elektroniki kancinane, ngokusekelwe bomsebenzi ulwazi malunga likhabe izixhobo ndyangu ukusetyenziswa ngabantu.

Indlela zesayensi

okuhlolisiswa Apho indlela lwesemantiki yokulinganisa ulwazi? Ikhompyutha - oku inzululwazi ejongene nemiba eyahlukeneyo umba. Yintoni enye elizayo? Le ndlela isekelwe phezu ukusetyenziswa "yinyaniso / ubuxoki" system, okanye inkqubo bit "omnye / zero." Xa ufumana ulwazi oluthile, yahlulahlulwe yaba ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, kubhekiselelwe ukuba uthanda iiyunithi zentetho: amagama, iimpawu, kunye like. unit nganye ifumana ixabiso ethile. Makhe sijonge a umzekelo ngokukhawuleza. Kufutshane ngabahlobo ezimbini. Omnye atyekela yesibini ngala mazwi. "Ngomso kufuneka usuku" Xa imihla ukuze ukhululeke - wonke umntu uyazi. Ngoko ke, ixabiso le nkcazelo ngu zero. Kodwa ukuba yesibini iya kuthi ngomso ukuba kuyasebenza, oko ke ndiya kuba isimanga sokuqala. Enyanisweni, kule meko mhlawumbi izicwangciso kungaphazamiseka, nto leyo eye wakha umntu omnye, umzekelo, bowling okanye lokuhlolisisa studio. Iqela ngalinye linokukwenziwa umzekelo ochazwe linokuchazwa ngabantu kunye amaqanda.

ekusingatheni imiqondo

Kodwa yintoni isasetyenziswa nangoku kodwa nethesarasi? Yintoni enye kufuneka ukwazi ukuqonda indlela lwesemantiki yokulinganisa ulwazi? imiba ephambili ukuba zingenziwa ukuqhubela phambili ngakumbi - iinkqubo mqondiso. Ngaphantsi kwabo ukuqonda intsingiselo indlela yokuthetha, ezifana imithetho ukucaciswa ngemiqondiso, okanye izayamaniso yalo. Makhe sijonge omnye umzekelo yezenzululwazi. Iikhompyutha asebenza zeros enemiqathango kunye nabo. Enyanisweni, le ombane ephantsi eziphakamileyo kondliwa amacandelo oomatshini kulo. Kwaye badlule abo kunye amaqanda ngaphandle ekupheleni. ungenza njani umahluko phakathi Zimbini izixhobo? Impendulo eyafunyanwa - aphazamiseka. Xa wadlula ulwazi olufanayo, ngoko bafumane iibhloko ezahlukeneyo ezifana amagama, amabinzana, kunye nemilinganiselo ngamnye. Kwintetho yabantu yomlomo ukuba uhlahlelo data phakathi zaziibloko ezahlukeneyo nazo kusetyenziswa ikhefu. Bona ngokungangqalanga kunjalo, ukuba uninzi lwabo siyaqaphela kwi "kumatshini." Kwileta le njongo iingongoma neempawu.

iimpawu

Makhe uthinte kwiimpawu isihloko ke ndithanda ngokukodwa ukuba babe lwesemantiki indlela ulwazi womlinganiselo. Kakade ukuba ekuthiwa-ad hoc indlela, leyo liqikelela ukubaluleka kolwazi. Ngaba sinokuthi data ziya kuhlolwa ngale ndlela, kuba injongo? Hayi, oku akuyonyaniso. Ulwazi ezikhathazayo. Makhe sijonge umzekelo yesikolo. Kukho umfundi A ohamba phambi lwenkqubo evunyiweyo, kwaye middling avareji, leyo izifundo oko thaca eklasini. Kuba yokuqala, inkoliso ulwazi ifumana esikolweni, uya kuba nomdla kunokuba buthathaka ngenxa yokuba sele uyazi, yaye kungabi ngexesha uve / ofunda. kwinqanaba luluvo, ngoko oku kuye bekungayi kuba exabiseke kakhulu (ngenxa ngaphandle kokuba imigqaliselo ngamnye katitshala, waza waphawula ngexesha ntetho umbandela wakhe). Nangona middling kolwazi olutsha weva into ukude kuphela, ngoko ke ixabiso data ngenxa kuye, nto leyo iya eziqulathwe eklasini, phezu komyalelo sezingeni elikhulu.

isiphelo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inzululwazi ngendlela lwesemantiki data womlinganiselo - oku kuphela indlela apho sinako ukusombulula ingxaki ekhoyo ayikho. Ukhetho kufuneka kuxhomekeka kwiinjongo zakho kunye namathuba akhoyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba unomdla kwisihloko okanye kuso kukho imfuneko, sinako Siyaleza ngamandla kuphela ukufunda oko ngakumbi kwaye ufumanise ukuba ezinye iindlela yokulinganisa iinkcukacha, ngaphandle iyaqhubeka kwisemantiki.