Indlela okukhulu kufuneka abe umntwana? UNorma kwegazi ngenxa yobudala

Abazali abaninzi baxhalabile malunga nendlela okukhulu kufuneka abe umntwana, kwaye ukuba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwezithethe omdala, umama kunye notata uphaphazele. Enyanisweni, uxinzelelo intracranial ebantwaneni ixhomekeke ngqongqo yobudala. Kwencinane umntwana, lo asezantsi uxinzelelo wakhe, ekubeni umgama phakathi kweendonga iimpahla kunye nothungelwano capillary yabo ngakumbi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi usezantsi.

Ukuhlukunyezwa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunokukhokelela kwintlekele, esiza kuxubusha kamva, kuba ekuqaleni kufuneka ukuba uyazi indlela ingcinezelo kakhulu kubantwana abakwiminyaka ezahlukileyo njenge eqhelekileyo.

uxinzelelo eqhelekileyo kwiintsana

Amazinga asezantsi kuvandlakanywa iintsana. uxinzelelo lwegazi Umyinge kunye nezinga intliziyo kwabantwana abangaphantsi kwiiveki 2 isusela ukusuka kuma-60 ukuya 96 - iSystolic (ngamanye amazwi, phezulu), 40-50 - ukuzala (ngaphantsi). Iinqobo ngaphezu oku kuya kubangela usana ixhala, ukulala amahlwempu, izimo, edanduluka esithi, konke oko kukuthi, njengokuba umthetho, oomama ndiyisuse kwi eselula kakhulu umntwana. Enyanisweni, lo mntwana ibonisa impilo yakhe enkenenkene. Ephakamileyo uxinzelelo lwegazi kuxhaphakile abantwana babe ukukhulelwa enzima ukuzalwa, nentambo singabanjwa.

Kunye iiveki ezimbini ukuya ezimbini iinyanga 80-112 (iSystolic) kunye 40-74 (ukuzala) uxinzelelo ebantwaneni - kummiselo (betafile Komarovsky). Ngakuye ngonyaka, oko igcinwe ngaphakathi 90-112 eliphezulu, ngaphantsi 50-74.

Indlela ukuxilonga kwegazi eliphezulu kwiintsana?

Ngokungafaniyo abantwana abadala, abantwana baye ukuhlola kangcono iingxaki kunye noxinzelelo fontanelle ngenxa. Hayi skull evaliweyo phantsi koxinzelelo iyandiswa, nto leyo ekhokelela ukunyuka okubonakalayo lasentloko (hydrocephalus). Ukongeza:

• intloko uba engahambisani, kunye ibunzi elikhulu;
• inethiwekhi ebonakalayo lwemithambo phezu kwentloko;
• ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu entloko;
• fontanelle kalanga (ngokuqhelekileyo nje Fallen).

Umntwana kunye noxinzelelo intracranial ngababuthuntu, wozela, ahlekisayo, uya ngokucotha mkhulu kwaye ukhule sluggishly (ugcine intloko yakho, uhlale, khasa).

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi mpawu kufuneka ene ukutenxa udokotela, kodwa ukuba kokuphazamisa isimo usana lwakho, kungcono ukucela uviwo ujule emine.

BP emntwaneni kwiminyaka 2-3

Kwiminyaka 2-3, 100-112 (phezulu) kunye 60-74 (ngaphantsi) uxinzelelo ebantwaneni - kummiselo (betafile Komarovsky). Ngeli xesha, xi amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana ngokulinganayo. Iminyaka 9-10 kuphela emakhwenkweni, ngokuqhelekileyo uxinzelelo iSystolic iba ngaphezulu kancinci. Bantwana, ogama yokusebenza ngaphezu kwaleyo, kusenokubakho silale, ukuba nochuku, ukukhathala, baqale ezikhala yintloko, isicaphucaphu, umbono kabini ize idanyaze emehlweni, iintlungu neziseko iliso. Xa ezi mpawu qiniseka ukuba ukubonisa wabantwana umntwana kunye cardiologist.

BP emntwaneni kwiminyaka 3-9

Indlela okukhulu kufuneka abe umntwana emi-3 kunye 9? Ngokubanzi, eli xesha zigcinwa kwi-100 ukuya 122 no-60 ukuya kuma-78, yaye kuphela ukufikisa (ukulungela ukuzala) uxinzelelo eqalisa ukusondela umntwana nezalathisi abadala.

Ukubala xi yobudala ethile (umzekelo, a xi abantwana abaneminyaka esi-7 ubudala), kufuneka uthathe yobudala yomntwana (n s), siphinda-phinda ngo-2 kwaye dibanisa 90. Ngoko ke ufumana a xi phezulu. Kwaye ephantsi - engama-60 + n.

BP kubantwana iminyaka 10-15

Uxinzelelo yomntwana iminyaka eli-10 kwaye yenza utsibe emdeni phezulu nasezantsi, kwaye iba ubuncinane 110 nge 70 uxinzelelo emntwaneni-12 eminyaka ubudala ukuba intsebenzo oluyi-82 126 phakathi kwexesha ukufikisa.

Njengoko umntwana ekhula, lo ukunyuka koxinzelelo kwaye ngcembe iindlela abadala. Yintoni xi kubantwana abaneminyaka eli-14 ubudala? Kwi-avareji, 120/80 - 130/86.

Oonobangela koxinzelelo eliphantsi in umntwana

uxinzelelo lwegazi okwehlileyo (hypotension) uyakwazi akholisa ukubakho abantwana emva kokugula ixesha elide. Ukudinwa rhoqo, ubunzima ukuvuka ekuseni, intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, amehlo mnyama, emva kokunyuka elibukhali - iimpawu xi ephantsi umntwana.

Ukuba ngaba wehlelwa zezi mpawu kufuneka udibane nogqirha ezibekelwe ukubhala iimviwo. Kodwa musa ukothuka. Yandisa uxinzelelo amaninzi ngaphandle ungenelelo lonyango. Kuyimfuneko ukuba baphile ubomi esebenzayo, sigalelwe, kudla ukuba abe ngaphandle.

Izinto ezibangela uxinezeleko ophezulu in umntwana

Ukuba koxinzelelo ephantsi, ngokokuqhelekileyo sisiphumo sifo, ibhalwe ngaphezulu ngelitsha (lwegazi) - kaninzi ngenxa yokudinwa le ephilayo, bandisa umsebenzi emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Ngoko ke, ukubona ngaphezulu kwe uxinzelelo lwegazi eziqhelekileyo, musa khawuleza ukubaleka kugqirha, ngcono ukunika ixesha umntwana lokuphumla, uze uphinde-izerte ingcinezelo.

Kakade ke, ukuba kukho ukwanda ixesha elide rhoqo, akukho ngcono ukubona yincutshe.

Isizathu sokuba uxinzelelo oluphezulu ingaba:

• nesifo sentliziyo;
• luphele;
• ufuzo;
• izifo kwinkqubo yonyango;
• isifo sezintso.

Umthambo ngokugqithisileyo esikolweni kunokubangela i lwegazi ozinzileyo wezifo.

Indlela ukulinganisa uxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo

Indlela okukhulu kufuneka abe umntwana, yaye yintoni na izizathu kungachaphazela ukunyuka bawe, siye ngabunye. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba umlinganiselo uxinzelelo lwegazi, kungekhona ukuze ufumane anexabiso elibubuxoki.

Iliso okuhambisa ukuba usebenzisa tonometer, ekufuneka makabekho emithi na umntwana. Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kuphela xa umntwana uzolile kwaye babenemincili, kungenjalo intsebenzo iya kuba phezulu kakhulu. Le meko kuba nantoni na - emi, ukuxoka, ehleli, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, musa ukutshintsha ngexesha yokulinganisa.

Ekubeni xi emiselwe umntwana, kubalulekile ukukhetha ububanzi cuff echanekileyo - hayi ngaphezulu kwe 2/3 ye yengalo.

Unyango nomfutho kunye hypotension

Unyango lwe ezinxaxhileyo kwisiqhelo unganika kuphela cardiologist okanye wabantwana, nokuzeyisa lwegazi kunye hypotension abandakanyeke kuwo nawuphi na imeko engenakwenzeka. Inye kuphela into onokuyenza phambi kokuba zithunyelwe ingcali - ukwazi ukuba okukhulu kufuneka abe umntwana, yaye yintoni tshintshayo zaba kweentsuku ezimbalwa, Kakade ke, ukuba umntwana lowo waphumla kakuhle, walala, akukho lula.

Ukuba ugqirha ibhaqa nasiphi na isigulo kakhulu, uya kumisela amayeza. Noko ke, abazali bona nako ukuvuselela ibuyambo ekhawulezileyo bomntwana. Indlela ukukwenza oko?

• Yenza ekhululekile, umoya omhle ekhaya nasesikolweni, ngaphandle luvo, ntshikilelo kunye ombane egqithisileyo (ukulumkisa ootitshala).
• Landela mode, ingakumbi ukulala ebusuku, athathe ixesha elaneleyo ukuba balale.
• Kuphephe etyabulayo efana TV okanye ngekhompyutha, okanye ubuncinane umda ukuba ubuncinane.
• Ququzelela ukutya ngokupheleleyo okunempilo izihlandlo 3-4 ngosuku - ingakumbi iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Aphelise ityuwa, okuneziqholo, nokuba igcadiwe, itshokolethi, ikofu, amanzi nezihlwahlwazayo. Phantsi kunciphise uxinzelelo lwegazi kucetyiswa ukuba basele iti emnandi ne lemon.
• umsebenzi Physical kufuneka ngokulinganisela, yaye ukuba zingabandakanywa kuyo nayiphi na imeko nzima, ingakumbi xa ukuqubha okanye ngaphandle imisebenzi.
• uxinzelelo lwegazi Low banokuvuselwa ngokusebenzisa umahluko imvula ngemihla.
• Intsha lupheliswe ngokupheleleyo ukuba kukho, ukutshaya kunye notywala.

endaweni yesiphelo

Ngoko shwankathela konke oku kungentla. Yintoni ekufuneka uyenze ukuze ukufumana aphezulu okanye asezantsi igazi uxinzelelo ebantwaneni. Okokuqala, musa ukudala uphaphazele. Ukutenxa kumgaqo - akukho mfuneko ngenxa yokugula kakhulu. Linganisa xi izihlandlo eziliqela, ngokwamakhefu yeyure okanye ezimbini, yaye ngcono iiyure ezili-12. Mhlawumbi lo mntwana udiniwe, ukulala okwanele okanye uvalo kakhulu. Okwesibini, zama ukwenza amalungiselelo indlela echanekileyo, yaye ke amandla, susa sindisa imisebenzi yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla, ndibonisele, uya kuba yintoni na uxinzelelo 2-3 yonke imini.

Xa uxinzelelo lubuyela eqhelekileyo kwiintsuku 3-4, okanye umntwana ekuqaleni bekhalaza eziva mnandi (yintloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, amehlo amnyama), kubalulekile ukuba kulungiswe ngokukhawuleza kwi udokotela kokuya. Kuxhomekeka izizathu, uya kunika iingcebiso eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kwaye ukuba ukumisela amayeza. Akukho manyathelo ezimeleyo unyango - amayeza okanye imixube intsomi kusebenza kuyo nayiphi na imeko akunakwenzeka!

uxinzelelo kuphambuka usana olo kufuneka ufumane ugqirha kwi uhlolo ngenyanga, ingakumbi, i cipande fontanelle khaxa, ukukhula omkhulu zentloko kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ukuba wena ufumene ukwanda okanye ukuncipha, okanye umntwana olitshijolo, hayi belele ekhala kungekho sizathu, kwaye kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo kubuzisa wabantwana.