Ngaba kukho ubomi eMars? Hayi, kodwa kwakunjalo

"Kukho ubomi ku-Mars okanye akunjalo - isayensi ayisaziwa" - le aphorism ethandwa kakhulu evela kwifilimu ye-old Soviet, kubonakala ngathi ayifanelekanga. Uphononongo olutshanje lwe-Planet Red luye lwacacisa imeko. Iingcali zithetha ukuba ngoku akukho nobomi, ngaphandle kokuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuqonda ngeli xesha kubakho iiprotheni eziphilayo. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambili? Amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, aveliswa ngamagqabi, abonisa ukuba xa le planethi inezo zonke iimeko zokuba "zihlala". Kodwa kutheni ummelwane wethu kwindlela yokukhanya kwelanga ayinalo inhlanhla njengoMhlaba? Kwaye ngoku, izazinzulu zineempendulo ezithembekileyo.

Ekubeni uluntu luchule i-telescope, le planethi engaqondakaliyo ayiyekanga ukuphazamisa iingcamango zabantu. R. Bradbury, A. Tolstoy kunye nabanye abalobi babhala imisebenzi nge "Martians". Imibhede yomlambo, ulwandle kunye nolwandle luyabonakala xa lusondela kummandla wePlanethi eliBomvu, kubonakala ngathi likholisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kunye nokufumaneka kwamanzi, kufuneka kube lula ubomi. Kwakuyiminyaka engamashumi amabini emva kokuba i- satellite yokuqala ithunyelwe kwindawo, njengoko i-NASA yaqalisa inkqubo yenkqubo kaRhulumente eyayinomsebenzi wokubhabha kwi-Mars ukufumana ubomi apho.

Ngowe-1976, iinqwelo ezimbini ze-NASA zafika kumhlaba weplanethi, ebizwa ngokuba nguThixo wenkohlakalo. "IiVikings" ziye zadlulisela kwiLizwe iifoto ezininzi zeentlango ezinobomvu obomvu, kunye neziphumo zokuhlaziywa kwemoya, inhlabathi kunye namatye azulu. Ngaloo ndlela, kwacaca ukuba kutheni iMars ibonakala njengedokki ebomvu ebomvu. Umhlaba obaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi kuthiwa i-oxide ene-ferrous oxide. Le "rust" ifumaneka kwiMhlaba. Ulwalamano oluphi na olu phawu kumbuzo wokuba kukho ubomi ku-Mars? Eyona ndlela ichanekileyo: inhlabathi enjalo yenziwa phambi kwamanzi kunye ne-oksijeni yamahhala kunye nesimo sezulu eshushu.

Kodwa ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwimoya yomhlaba kudimaze abantu. I-oxygen yamahhala kuyo yayincinci. Ukuba uphendula umbuzo wokuba kukho ubomi ku-Mars, ngokusekelwe kwizibonakaliso zomoya, ngoko impendulo "ayikho" ngokucacileyo "akukho". Kodwa inhlabathi? Kubonakala ukuba, ngexesha elinye i-oksijeni yayikho apha ngexabiso elifana neloMhlaba. Ukuyivelisa idinga ubomi besityalo. Kwaye, mhlawumbi, wayedla ngobuninzi kwihlabathi elibomvu. Oku kuboniswa yimethane, nayo ikhona kwiMartian.

Iisampuli ezisemzantsi kwiipalati zaseMntla naseMzantsi zeplanethi zenze iintliziyo zabahloli bazama ukuthuthumela. Kwimikhono yeqhwa, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ezinye zeqhwa zamanzi ezindala. Ukuqwalasela umzila weendlela ezinkulu zamanzi, kunye neqiniso lokuba iPlanethi eliBomvu lide ukusuka kwiLanga elide ngaphezu kweMhlaba, ngoko ke isimo sezulu sinobukhulu kakhulu, sinokuthi iimeko zokuzalwa kwe-bionic. Oku, akunjalo, akusiyo impendulo kumbuzo wokuba kukho ubomi ku-Mars. Kodwa ke le ngcaciso inika ithemba. Ngowe-1984, kwenzeka isiganeko esaphinde sabangela ukuba abantu abaninzi babenomdla nokuba ngaba ubomi ku-Mars. Inyaniso kukuba i-2-kilogram yamameteorite itholakala kwi-Antarctica, eyawa kule planethi. Ngowe-1996, wahlolisiswa kwaye ... kufumaneke kuyo i-remains of the bacteria primitive bacteria. Ubudala bezinto ezincinci ziyiminyaka eyiebhiliyoni ezintathu. Nangona ukungaqiniseki kweengcali ezininzi zenzululwazi, oku kufumaneka ukuba sikwazi ukuba nethemba lokuba ubomi kwiindawo ezisekufuphi-iplanethi yayisasekho. Kodwa wafa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwama-asteroids amakhulu.