Indlela yokusika yokujika: inkcazo, ukhetho kunye ne teknoloji

Ukuze uguqule umsebenzi oqhelekileyo ube yinto efanelekileyo yendlela, sebenzisa ukujika, ukugaya, ukugaya kunye nezinye iimashishini. Ukuba ukuxilwa kuyimfuneko ekwenzeni izinto ezinzima kakhulu, umzekelo, iigesi, ukubetha, iilaths zisetyenziselwa ukudala iindawo ezilula kwaye zinike umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo (i-cone, cylinder, sphere). Iindlela zokusika zokubaluleka zibaluleke kakhulu, kuba, ngokomzekelo, ngesinyithi esibhakabhakayo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isantya esiphezulu se-spindle kuneyomeleleyo.

Izinto zokujika

Ukuze udwebe inxalenye ethile kwi-lathe, njengomthetho, abaqashi bayasetyenziswa. Ziza kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulwa kwaye zihlatyathwe ngohlobo lwenkqubo yokucubungula, isalathiso sesondlo kunye nesimo senhloko. Ukongezelela, izixhobo zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo: i-alloy steel, i-carbon, isixhobo, isantya esiphezulu, i-tungsten, i-alloy hard.

Ukukhethwa kwesinye okanye esinye kuxhomekeke kwimiba yomsebenzi, ukuma kwayo kunye nendlela yokugaya. Iindlela zokusika zokujika zifuna le mibala. Xa ujikezela umsebenzi ulungiswe kwi-spindle, uqhuba ukuhamba okuhamba phambili. Isixhobo sifakwe kwinkxaso, kwaye ukunyuswa kokutya kwenziwa ngqo kubo. Ngokuxhomekeke kumatshini osetyenzisiweyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe iinkalo ezincinci kakhulu kunye ezinkulu.

Izinto eziPhambili

Ziziphi iinkalo zeendlela zokusika ezingasetyenziswa ngexesha lokujika ? Nangona ukuguquka akusoloko kusetyenziswa lula, izinto zayo eziphambili zikhawuleza, i-pitch, ubunzulu, ububanzi kunye nobukhulu. Zonke ezi zikhokelo zixhomekeka ngokukodwa kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nobukhulu. Kwiindawo ezincinci kakhulu, umzekelo, isantya sokukhawuleza sikhethwa encinci, kuba i-0.05 millimeters, eyaphulwa ngengozi, ingakhokelela kwimitshato yonke.

Ukongezelela, izibonakaliso ezibaluleke kakhulu apho ukhetho lweendlela zokusika luxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokuguquka yizigaba apho liveliswa khona. Makhe siqwalasele izinto ezisisiseko kunye nezigaba zokusika izityela kwiinkcukacha ezininzi.

Ukukhawuleza, ukugqiba kunye nokugqiba

Ukuguqula umshicilelo kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo kuyinkqubo enzima kwaye ichitha ixesha. Ikwahlula kwiinqanaba ezithile: ukukhahlela, ukugqiba ukugqiba nokugqiba. Ukuba inxalenye ilula, ngoko isigaba esiphakathi (semi-final), njengomgaqo, asiqwalaselwe. Kwinqanaba lokuqala (ulungelelaniso) iinkcukacha zinikezelwa ngobume obufunekayo kunye nemilinganiselo esondeleyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, bashiya izibonelelo kwizigaba ezilandelayo. Umzekelo, umsebenzi owanikwa ngawo: D = 70 mm kunye neL = 115 mm. Ukusuka kuyo, kufuneka unqume inxalenye, inqanaba lokuqala lo-D ₁ = 65 mm, L ₁ = 80 mm, kunye nesibini-D ₂ = 40 mm, L ₂ = 20 mm.

Ukugqithisa kuya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Sika i-butt ukuya kwi-14 mm.
2. Khusela ububanzi ngaphezu kobude obude nge-66 mm
3. Khusela ububanzi be sibini D ₂ = 41 mm ubude be-20 mm.

Kule nqanaba, sibona ukuba inxalenye ayilungiswanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa isondele ngokusemgangathweni kwimo yayo kunye nobukhulu bayo. Yaye isibonelelo sokuhlala ubude kwaye nganye yamadamitha yayingu-1 mm.

Ukugqitywa kweli nqanaba kuya kuba ngale ndlela:

1. Ukugqiba ukuphela komtya kunye nobunzima obufunekayo.
2. Khusela ku-80 mm ububanzi obuyi-65 mm.
3. Yenza ukugqitywa kokugqiba ubude be-20 mm ububanzi be-40 mm.

Njengoko sibona, ukugqiba kudinga ukuchaneka okuthe ngqo, kwesi sizathu, kunye nesivinini sokukhawuleka kuyo siya kuba ngaphantsi.

Indlela yokuqala ukubala

Ukuze ubale imodi yokusika, izinto zokucoca izinto kufuneka zikhethwe kuqala. Kuya kuxhomekeka kwimiba yomsebenzi, uhlobo kunye nesinyathelo sokucwangcisa. Ukongezelela, izinto ezinokwenziwa ngabacwangcisi, apho inxalenye yokusika inokususwa. Ngamanye amagama, kuyimfuneko ukhethe kuphela izinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuzilungisa kwisixhobo sokusika. Imodi enenzuzo kakhulu yinto apho indleko yecandelo elenziwe liza kuba lincinci. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukhetha ithuluzi lokusika elingalunganga, kungenzeka ukuba liphule, kwaye oku kuya kuzisa ilahleko. Ngoko unokwenza njani izixhobo ezifunekayo kunye neendlela zokusika? Itheyibhile engezantsi iyakunceda ukhethe i-cutter efanelekileyo.

Ubunzima bokucoca

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngaphambili, ngasinye sigaba senkqubo yokucanda sifuna enye okanye enye ingqiqo. Ezi zikhombisi zibaluleke kakhulu xa zibala ubukhulu bomgca osikiwe. Iindlela zokusika ngexesha lokuguqula zinceda ukukhethwa kwezona zinto zibaluleke kakhulu zokugaya iinxalenye. Ukuba ngaba bahoywa kwaye bengenzi ukubala, ngoko unako ukuphula isisitja sokusika kunye nenxenye ngokwayo.

Ngoko, okokuqala, kufuneka ukhethe ubukhulu bomgca osikiwe. Xa umqambi ewela ngetsimbi, usika inxalenye ethile. Ubuncwane okanye ubunzulu bokunquma (t) ngumgama owenziwe ngumqambi kwisithuba esisodwa. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba ukucwangciswa okulandelelanayo kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukubalwa kolawulo lokusika. Umzekelo, ukujika kwangaphandle komsebenzi D = 33.5 mm ububanzi D ₁ = 30.2 mm kunye neengxowanxu zangaphakathi zomda d = 3.2 mm kwi- ₂ = 2 mm.

Ngomnye wemisebenzi, ukubalwa kweendlela zokusika ukuguquka ngumntu ngamnye. Ukuze ubale ubunzulu bokunquma, kuyimfuneko ukukhupha ububanzi bomsebenzi wobubanzi ukusuka kwisantya emva kokucubungula nokwahlula kabini. Umzekelo wethu uphenduka:

T = (33.5 - 30.2) / 2 = 1.65 mm

Ukuba ii diameter zinomlinganiselo omkhulu kakhulu, umzekelo 40 mm, ngoko, njengommiselo, kufuneka uhlulwe ngo-2, kwaye inani eliphumo liza kuba yimibolo yokudlula, kwaye ubunzulu buya kuhambelana nama-millimitha amabini. Xa ukhwaza, ungakhetha ubunzulu bokunquma ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwe-3 mm, kwaye ukugqiba-ukusuka kwi-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 mm. Ukuba ubuso bokuphela buhlanjululwe, ubukhulu bezinto eziza kususwa buya kuba bunzulu bokusikwa.

Isabelo semali yesondlo

Ukubalwa kweendlela zokusika ngexesha lokuguquka akunakwenzeka ukucinga ngaphandle kwemali yokufuduka kweso sixhobo sokuguqula enye ye-feed-feed (S). Ukhetho lwayo luxhomekeke kwintlanzi efunekayo kunye neqondo lokuchaneka komsebenzi, ukuba lo luyilo lokugqiba. Ngokukhwaza, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa isantya esiphezulu sondlo, ngokusekelwe kumandla kwento kunye nokuqina kofakelo lwalo. Unokhetha i-feedrate efunekayo usebenzisa itheyibhile elingezantsi.

Emva kokuba uS ikhethwe, kufuneka icaciswe kwimpasipoti yomshini.

Ukukhawuleza ukukhawuleza

Iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu ezichaphazela iindlela zokusika ngexesha lokujika zihamba ngokukhawuleza (v) kunye nejubane lokuthutha (n). Ukuze ubale inani lokuqala, sebenzisa ifom:

= = (Π × D × n) / 1000,

Apho i-π inombolo ye-Pi elingana no-3.12;

D ububanzi obukhulu bendawo;

N yijubane le-spindle.

Ukuba ixabiso lokugqibela lihlala lingatshintshi, ke isantya sokujikeleza siya kuba sikhulu, sikhulu ububanzi bomsebenzi. Le fomyula ifanelekile ukuba isantya sokujikeleza se-spindle saziwa, ngaphandle koko kuyimfuneko ukuyisebenzisa ifom:

V = (C _v x K _v ) / (T _m x t x S),

Apho u-S kunye nobubanzi obunjiweyo bokunqunyulwa kunye ne-feedrate, kunye ne-C _v , K _v , T zi-coefficients ezixhomekeke kwiimpawu zendlela kunye nesakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo. Iimilinganiselo zabo zingathathwa kwitheyibhile yeendlela zokusika.

I-Calculator yeendlela zokusika

Ngubani onokukunceda ukubala iindlela zokusika? Iinkqubo ze-intanethi kwiinkcukacha ezininzi ze-intanethi zijongene nalo msebenzi awubi ngaphezu komntu.

Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izixhobo zombini kwikhompyutheni yedeskithophu kunye nefowuni. Bahlala bekhululekile kwaye abafuni iimfuno ezizodwa. Emasimini kufuneka ufike kwiimilinganiselo ezifunekayo: ukondla, ubunzulu bokunquma, izinto ezifundwayo kunye nesixhobo sokusika, kunye nazo zonke izinto ezifunekayo. Oku kuza kubonelela ngokubanzi kunye nokukhawuleza kokubala kwazo zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko.