Indlela yokusika yokugaya. Iintlobo zokugaya iinqununu, ukubalwa kwesantya sokukhawuleza

Enye yeendlela zokugqiba izinto kukugaya. Isetyenziselwa ukucwangciswa kweenqabileyo zetsimbi kunye nezingekho zetsimbi. Inkqubo yomsebenzi ilawulwa yindlela yokusika.

Ingundoqo yenkqubo

Ukuhlawula kwenziwa ngenjongo yokugubungela nokugqitywa ngokukhawuleza, ukwakha iphrofayili ethile yomhlaba (ama-grooves, grooves), ukusika amazinyo kwiigesi, ukulungiswa kwimilo, ukudweba imifanekiso yamaphetheni kunye nemibhalo.

Isixhobo sokusebenza - umgca wokugaya - yenza umtshini ojikelezayo. Umncedisi uyisondlo esiphuculweyo somsebenzi osebenzayo ngokubhekiselele kwisibilini sayo. Le nkqubo iphakathi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu, eyahlukileyo ekuguquleni nasekuqhubeni, kukuthi inyosi nganye isebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Kule nkalo, ibonakaliswe ngobuninzi bomthwalo. Ukunciphisa impembelelo yabo kunokwenzeka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo uvavanyo lokuqikelela kwimeko kunye nokukhethwa kweerimim.

Iingcamango ezisisiseko zomsebenzi woomatshini bokugaya

Ngokuxhomekeka kwindlela yokufumana umgxobhozo nokulungisa umgca wokugaya kuyo, ukusuka kwiintlobo zemisebenzi ezenziwe kunye neendlela zokulawula, iintlobo eziphambili zezinto zokugaya ziyaziwa:

• I-Horizontal;
• Eyona nto;
• Yendalo;
• Imishini yokugaya ngokulawulwa kwamanani.

Iimpawu eziphambili zomshini wokugaya:

1. Isakheko apho ibhokisi yejubane ikhona, elawula ukujikeleza kwesigxina esikhankanywe ngokugqithisileyo kunye nomgca wokugaya owenziwe kuyo.
2. Itafile equka i-console kunye neeslayidi ezitshintshiweyo zokukhawuleza nokuhambisa umsebenzi kunye nebhokisi lokutya elilawula ukunyakaza kokutya.

Kwiimishini zokugaya ezingqalileyo, isixhobo sichazwe ngasentla. Ihlabathi jikelele linemizekelo emininzi.

Kukho izixhobo ezizungeleleyo zendalo yonke, ezibonakaliswa nobukho bempahla yetafile kwaye, ngoko ke, ukwandiswa kobubanzi bomsebenzi onokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe. Ukongezelela, kukho ububanzi-jikelele, obunokubumba kwayo kunye nokuvumela ukufeza zonke iintlobo zokugaya.

Oomatshini be-CNC bokugaya bahluke ngokufumaneka kweekhompyutha kunye nokulawula iikhomputha. Zenzelwe ukucwangciswa kobugcisa beebhanki, kubandakanywa kwifomati ye-3D.

Ukwahlulelwa kwabacimi

Iinqwelo zixhobo zokusika. Iiparameters eziphambili zenyama apho zivavanywa khona zi: ukuphakama, ububanzi, intonga kunye nokubuyiselwa kwendawo, umgca we-circumferential. Kukho uluhlu olukhulu lwazo, olusasazwa ngokwemiqondiso eyahlukeneyo:

• Ngolu hlobo lweendawo ezicatshulwayo (zokhuni, iplastiki, isinyithi, izinyithi ezingenabumba, njl.);
• Kwindlela yokujikeleza - ukunene nokunene;
• Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto eziyiyo-design, eqinile, napaynye, ezidibeneyo (ziye zafaka imiqhekeza), i-welded;
• Ubume: i-conical, cylindrical, disk;
• Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusebenza kunye neemfuno zendawo yokusika, zinokusetyenziswa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka: ithuluzi lekhabhoni kunye ne- high-speed steel (alloyed, nge-content enyongweni ye-tungsten), i-alloy ekhuni (inamandla-ngokukrakra, ukungagxininanga-ukugqiba). Iingqinamba ziqhelekileyo xa umzimba wenza i-carbon okanye i-high speed-alloy;
• Ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo: i-cylindrical, ekupheleni, ekupheleni, ekugqityiweyo, ekunqunywe, enqunyiwe.

Iimpawu ezingakumbi zokufundisa zilandelayo: ukusika izinto eziphambili kunye nenjongo.

Iintlobo zokugaya iiplati

Ngenjongo yokususa izixhobo eziphathekayo kwiiplani ezingqambileyo, ezithe tye okanye ezityebileyo, isetyenzisiwe.

Isixhobo sohlobo lokuqala singabandakanyeka okanye ngamacwecwe omese. Iibhululo ezinkulu zokugaya ezicwangcisiweyo zenzelwe ukukhwaza, kunye nezincinci zokugqiba. Imijelo engenayo yokwenza intloko yokusika inokuthi yenziwe ngeyantsimbi ephezulu okanye ifakwe ngamacwecwe ensimbi. I-carbide eboshiweyo i-cutters ibe nomkhiqizo omkhulu kunezo zenziwe nge-alloy steel alloy.

Isiphelo sisetyenziselwa iiplani ezisezantsi, amazinyo alo asasazwa kwindawo yokugqibela. Ukunyathela okukhulu kusetshenziselwa iiplanti ezinkulu. Ngendlela, ukususwa kwee-chips kunzima ukucwangcisa izitye zokurhweba, ubukho bee-carbide knives ziyimfuneko. Ukusetyenziswa kwala maqela amacebo okugaya, ububanzi obuninzi nobude bemveliso kuyadingeka.

Iintlobo zezixhobo zokugaya ubugcisa

Ukunika iprofayili ethile kwizinto eziphathekayo, ukusetyenziswa kwiphethini, ukwenza iiforoshi ezincinci, ukuphela kunye ne-discs billing buses.

Isiqhelo okanye i- groove cutter iqhelekile ekunqumeni imifudlana, iindiza ezincinci kunye neengqongqelo. Zonke zizinzile okanye zidibene, zisika inxalenye yensimbi ye-alloy ephezulu , ingaba nzima, kwaye umzimba wenziwe nge-carbon steel. Kukho i-low-voltage (1-3 spirals) kunye ne-multi-hop (4 okanye ngaphezulu). Isetshenziselwa izixhobo zompempi ngokulawula kwamanani.

I-disk - le yinto yokucoca. Isebenza kwimifuno, ama-grooves, amazinyo ekusika iivili.

Ukugaya ubugcisa kuqhutyelwa ngemithi, isinyithi, i-PVC.

Iintlobo zabathengisi bokucwangciswa komda

Ukususwa kwee-chips kumacangca, kubanika isimo esinengqiqo, ukufakela imodeli, ukuhlukana komsebenzi kumacandelo kunokuzaliswa ngoncedo lweziqhotyoshelweyo zokugaya izinto ezinobumba,

1. Ukusika kunye nokwehliswa kunomsebenzi ofanayo nedisk, kodwa kusetyenziswa rhoqo ukusika nokuhlula iindawo ezingaphezulu kwezinto eziphathekayo.
2. I-Angle iyadingeka kwiingcambu zeendawo kunye neembombo. Kukho i-angle-angle (enye kuphela inxalenye yokusika) kunye nekhonkco ezimbini (zombini izinto eziqingqiweyo ziyakunqumla).
3. Ubume sisetyenziselwa ukuyila ubunzima. Ingaba semicircular okanye concave. Ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa ukuthabatha iiprofayili zamacomputer, ii-countersinks, i-drill drills.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo kunokwenzeka ukuba zinezakhiwo ezinqiniweyo zensimbi okanye ukunyumba, kunye nobukho bokufaka iimpawu ze-carbide. Abagayi be-carbide banomgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza kunye nobude bayo be sixhobo.

Ukwahlulelwa kweentlobo zokugaya

Kukho iinkalo ezininzi zokuhlenga, ngokubhekiselele kuzo iintlobo zokwahlula:

• Ngendlela yokufumana i-spindle kunye neentsimbi, ngokulandelanayo, kwi-horizontal kunye ne-vertical;
• Kukhokelo kwenkqubela, malunga nokuza nokudlula;
• Ngokuxhomekeka kwisixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo, kwi-cylindrical, ekupheleni, emiselweyo, ekupheleni.

Ukuchithwa kwee-cylindrical kusebenza kwiiplani ezingqalileyo, zenziwa ngoncedo lwamashishini afanelekileyo okugaya kwiimishini ezingagqibekanga.

Ukugqitywa kokugqitywa kunokucatshangelwa yonke indawo. Kusebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zeeplani ezizungezile, ezizenzekelayo nezityebileyo.

Ukuphela kokugqibela kuqinisekisa ukubunjwa kwiprofayili efunekayo kunye nemifula ephihliweyo, iimfono kunye nezixhobo.

Uhlobo luqhutyelwa indawo kunye nokucwangciswa okunzima: iimbombo, imida, iiproove, amazinyo okusika amajeya.

Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lomsebenzi kunye nezixhobo ezicutshungulwayo, umphumo kufuneka ube yi-softness of the finish layer, ukungabikho kweejag, ukuchaneka kokugqiba. Ukuze ufumane indawo ehlambulukileyo ephathwayo, kubalulekile ukulawula amaxabiso okutya omsebenzi ngokuphathelele kwisixhobo.

Counter kunye nokudlula imali

Xa ukuxilwa kwento yentsimbi eyenziwa yintsimbi-eyenziwa ngumsebenzi-uphelelwa ukunyakaza kokujikeleza kombhobho. Kule meko, amazinyo atyhula kancane kwisinyithi esenziwe, umthwalo ukwanda ngokuthe ngqo kunye ngokulinganayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba ugxininise izinyo kwiqendu, i-slides isikhashana, isebenze nzima. Le ngxaki ikhawuleza imveliso ye-cutter cutter kwilizwe elisebenzayo. Isetshenziselwa ukukhwaza.

Xa wenza uhlobo oludlulayo - umsebenzi wokutya utyalwa kunye nokunyakaza kokujikeleza kwesixhobo. Amathambo asebenza ngokukrakra phantsi kwemithwalo enzima. Amandla ayi-10% ngaphantsi kunomtshini wokuqhawula. Kuqhutyelwa ekupheleni kweengxenye.

Ingcamango ebalulekileyo yokusebenza ngemali kwiinkampani ze-CNC

Ziye zibonakaliswe ngezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo, ukuchaneka kwenkqubo yokusebenza, ukuvelisa okuphezulu. Ukuhlawula kumatshini we-CNC kwenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngoncedo lweziphelo zokugqibela okanye zokuphela.

Ezi zokugqibela zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Kule meko, ngokuxhomekeka kwimiba eqhutywayo, uhlobo lwe-chip forming, iiparitha ezicacisiweyo zesofthiwe, izitya zokugqibela ezahlukileyo zisetyenzisiweyo. Zihlelwe ngokuhambelana nenani lokupasa kwimizila eqinisekisa ukuba ubukho beentambo kunye nokudibanisa kweepips.

Izinto eziphathekayo kunye neentsimbi ezicetywayo zicetyiswa ukuba zifakwe ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezincinane zokutyelela. Kwizinyithi ezinzima ezineempahla zesikhumba, kufuneka ukuba ukhethe amacebo okugaya kunye nenani elikhulu lemimoya.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokugaya i-CNC

I-CNC yokusika i-cutter ingaba neyodwa ukuya emithathu emide. Zisetyenziselwa imithi, iiplastiki, izakhi kunye nezitye ezinokuthobela, ezifuna ukususwa ngokukhawuleza kwee-chips ezibanzi. Isetshenziselwa ukugqithisa, apho izidingo eziphezulu azifaki. Esi sixhobo sinomsebenzi omncinci, ukuqina okuphantsi.

Ngokuncedwa kwe-single-pass, ukukhanda i-aluminium yobugcisa kwenziwa.

Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi zimbini kunye nezokugqibela ezintathu. Banikezela ubunzima bexabiso eliphezulu, ukususwa kwe-chip, vumela ukusebenza ngeesinyithi zobunzima obuphakathi (umzekelo, ngensimbi).

I-CN-Multi-thread cutter cutters ye-CNC ineengcambu ezingaphezulu kwe-4. Zisetyenziselwa izinyithi zobunzima obuphakathi kunye nobunzima, obonakaliswe yi-chips ezincinci kunye nokuxhathisa okukhulu. Ziyabonakala ngokusebenza ngokuphawulekayo, ziyimfuneko yokugqiba kunye nokugqiba kokugqibela kwaye aziklanyelwe ukusebenza kunye nezinto ezithambileyo.

Ukuze ukhethe ithuluzi elifanelekileyo kumashishini we-CNC, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela indlela yokusika yokukhwela, kwakunye nazo zonke iimpawu zendawo echanekileyo.

Iindlela zokusika

Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ofunekayo wohlulo olubiweyo, kubalulekile ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo nokugcina iimpawu zezobugcisa eziyimfuneko. Izalathisi eziphambili ezichaza nokulawula inkqubo yokugaya iindlela zokusebenza.

Ukubalwa kweendlela zokusika ukutsalwa kwenziwa ngokuqwalasela izinto eziphambili:

1. Ubunzulu (t, mm) - ubukhulu bebhola yensimbi, ekhutshwe ngesifo esisodwa sokusebenza. Yikhethe nge-allowance for processing. Umsebenzi onzima uqhutyelwa kwiphondo elilodwa. Ukuba isibonelelo singaphezu kwama-5 mm, ukukhwela kwento kuqhutyelwa kwiidlule eziliqela, ngelixa elinye lokugqibela lishiye malunga ne-1 mm.
2. Ububanzi (B, mm) - ububanzi bomhlaba otyunjiweyo kwinqanaba elingaphambili kwisondlo sokutya.
3. Ukutya (S) ubude bomsebenzi wokuhamba ngokumalunga nesixhobo se-axis.

Kukho imiba emininzi:

• Yondla ngezinyo (S _z , mm / izinyo) - utshintshe isikhundla sendawo xa uguqula umgca umgama ukusuka kwelinye iqhinga elisebenzayo ukuya kwelinye elilandelayo.
• Yondla nge-revolution (S _о , mm / rev) - ukunyakaza kwesakhiwo kunye ne-revolution eyodwa epheleleyo yombhobho wokugaya.
• Yondla ngcaciso ngomzuzu ( _{iminithi ye-min} , mm / min) yindlela yokusika yokubaluleka.

Ulwalamano lwabo lusekwe kwimathematika:

S _min = S _ob * n = S _z * z * n,

Kuphi na inani lamagama;

N yijubane le-spindle, iminithi ^-1 .

Isixa sondlo sichaphazelekayo kunye nezobuchwepheshe zendawo ephathwayo, amandla esixhobo kunye neempawu zokusebenza zendlela yokutya.

Ukubalwa kwesantya sokukhawuleza

Njengoko ipharamitha yoyilo loyilo lithatha iqondo lokujikeleza ngokukhawuleza kwe-spindle. Isantya esiyiyo V, m / min, kuxhomekeke kububanzi besigidi kunye nokuhamba kweentshukumo ezijikelezayo:

V = (π * D * n) / 1000

Isantya sokujikeleza kweso sixhobo senziwa ngu:

N = (1000 * V) / (π * D)

Ngolwazi malunga nokutya kweminithi, unokugqiba ixesha elifunekayo lomsebenzi wendawo yobude L:

T ₀ = L / S _min

Ukubalwa kweendlela zokusika ngexesha lokugaya kunye nokufakela kwazo okwenziweyo kuya kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuseka umatshini. Ukusekwa kweeparameter ezilungelelanisiweyo, ngokuqwalasela iimpawu zesixhobo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, kuqinisekisa ukuveliswa komsebenzi ophezulu.

Iingcebiso zokuchaza iindlela

Akunakwenzeka ukukhetha indlela yokusika ngokugqibeleleyo xa ugaya, kodwa unokulandela imigaqo-siseko:

1. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba ububanzi bomgca wokugaya ihambelana nokusetyenziswa kobunzulu. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukucocwa komhlaba kwisithuba esisodwa. Nantsi into ebalulekileyo yinto. Ngenxa yokunciphisa, lo mgaqo awusebenzi - kukho umngcipheko wokususa iipopu ezikhudlwana kunokuba ziyimfuneko.
2. Iinkqubo zokutshitshisa kunye nokuxiliswa akunakwenzeka. Kule nkalo, ukwanda kwimivuzo yokutya kukukhokelela ekuncipheni ngesivinini. Kukulungele ukuqalisa umsebenzi kunye nokutya kwinqinana elilingana no-0.15 mm / izinyo, kwaye kwinkqubo - ukulawula.
3. Isantya sesixhobo akufanele sibe phezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngaphandle koko, kukho umngcipheko wokunciphisa ukukhawuleza. Ukwanda kwawo kunokwenzeka ngokunyuka kobuninzi bomgca.
4. Ukwandisa ubude becandelo elisebenzayo lesilitye, ukukhethwa kwamanani amaninzi kunciphisa umveliso kunye nemigangatho yokucubungula.
5. Isantya esilinganisiweyo sezinto ezihlukeneyo:

• Aluminium - 200-400 m / iminithi;
• Ibhondi - 90-150 m / min;
• Insimbi engenasici - 50-100 m / min;
• Iiplastiki - 100-200 m / min.

Kungcono ukuqala ngesantya esiphezulu, kwaye kwinkqubo yokuyilungisa kwicala elincinci okanye elikhulu.

Indlela yokusika yokubaluleka kubalulekile ukucacisa kuphela imathematika okanye ukusebenzisa iitafile ezizodwa. Ukuze ukhethe ngokufanelekileyo uphinde usethe iiparitha eziphambili zomatshini kunye nesixhobo omele usebenze kunye nezinto ezithile kunye namava akho.