Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev: engobomi, iifoto, ubomi lobuqu, olunomdla

Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev (1872-1929) - edume yeqonga nobugcisa umsebénzi Russia. Waye umhlalutyi umsunguli phephancwadi "World of Art". Lokubandakanyeka umbutho "Russian Namathuba 'eFransi, oko kukuthi eParis. Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev wafumanisa ubugcisa Abayili ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Phantse bonke ubomi bakhe eyayinikelwe ukukhuthazwa Ballet Russian eNtshona Yurophu.

biography

Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev wazalwa kwintsapho amanene nge-31 Matshi (ikhalenda Julian ngoMatshi 19), 1872. UYise - Pavel Pavlovich Diaghilev - igosa. Yeyona khona kwiPhondo Novgorod, ezizezi indawo Selishche. Dyagilev Sergey Pavlovich, ubomi lakhe siqu ebesoloko itsale ingqalelo, iye bakhula ngaphandle unina. Xa kubelekwa unina Diaghilev wabhubha.

Childhood noSapho

Ngekopi Sergei Pavlovich waba nomnye umama. Noko ke, yena wamphatha kunye nothando olufanayo njengabantwana bakhe. Esi simo sengqondo ukhokelele ekubeni ukufa umzalwana wakhe yaba yintlekele Diaghilev. Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba Sergei Pavlovich akazange afune ukubuyela kumakhaya abo.

Uyise mzobo ilifa igosa lakomkhulu. Waba Horse Guards. Noko ke, kumatyala amaninzi kwanyanzeleka ukuba ayeke umkhosi aye aphile Perm. Ngelo xesha, esi sixeko ingqalelo eyoyame eli lizwe. indlu yosapho iye esembindini ubomi Perm. ngumnyaka Kukho abantu abafuna ukutyelela House of Diaghilev. Ngokufuthi, le ntsapho wachitha ubusuku apho bavuma ukuba iindwendwe. Young Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev bathabatha izifundo zomculo. Eneneni, wakwazi ukufumana imfundo ezibalaseleyo ebanzi kakhulu. Emva kokuba lo mfana emva eSt Petersburg, yokuba kwakungekho ndlela ngaphantsi zizifundiswa ababehlala apho. Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev yafundwa kakuhle kakhulu, into kumangaliswa abaninzi koontanga bakhe.

ulutsha

Buyela kwikomkhulu lenkcubeko Russia, Diaghilev wakwazi ngo-1890. Sergey Pavlovich waba ukubonakala kakhulu. Wakhangela ngathi wephondo eziqhelekileyo, yaba yokwakha husky. Ngaphandle koku, oko abafundileyo kakhulu, kakuhle ukufunda, yaye kulula ukuthetha ngeelwimi eziliqela. Konke oku kuye wamvumela ukuba ncam ebomini eyunivesithi, apho waqalisa ukuqeqesha. Wafunda e St. Petersburg kwi-Faculty.

Sele uyincutshe ekudlaleni iziseko zomthetho kunye nomthetho, umfundi waba nomdla kwimisebenzi yeqonga nomculo. Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev, ogama engobomi utyebile kakhulu, waqala ukuthatha izifundo ipiyano, ngokunjalo ukuya iklasi kwi somculo. Amakhwenkwe baqalisa ukubhala umculo ndifunda imbali iindlela zobugcisa.

Uhambo eYurophu, Diaghilev yokuqala, Sergei Pavlovich wenza ngexesha leeholide. Lo mfana wayefuna ukufumana lobizo lwakhe kunye kwinqanaba yomsebenzi. Ngelo xesha waqalisa ukwenza abahlobo nabantu abaninzi abadumileyo.

uthweso-zidanga

Ekubeni Diaghilev ke onesiphiwo kakhulu ngemvelo, wakwazi kwiminyaka emine Kwathi izifundo iminyaka emithandathu zokufunda. Ngexesha le minyaka waqalisa ndaqonda ukuba kufuneka uqinisekise ukuphumeza into ebomini. Nangona kokugqitywa ngempumelelo University, Dyagilev Sergey Pavlovich, ubomi bakhe lobuqu umdla ngokwaneleyo, wazi ukuba akukho ukuthini ukuba ligqwetha. Ngakumbi nangakumbi iqala ukutshona kwimizobo. Kungekudala wenza ukukhetha washiya uphawu kulo lonke inkcubeko Russian. Eqalisa ukukhuthaza ubugcisa.

umsebenzi

Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev, olunomdla apho ubomi kukhuthaza ukuba babe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi karhulumente. Ngokubanzi, oko lungohlulwa lube ziinxalenye eziliqela. Inqanaba lokuqala yobomi bakhe linxulunyaniswa kwasekwa umbutho "World of Art". Kubonakele ngo-1898, kwaye iye yahlanganiswa kunye amanye amanani. Ngowe-1899 - iminyaka 1904 wakhonza umhleli kubanjiswene ne Benoit kulindixesha efanayo.

Wafumana inkxaso-mali ngokuthanda abantu ezinkulu, nexesha elithile luye lwaxhaswa Nicholas yayo II.

Kwakhona Dyagilev Sergey Pavlovich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane ayiniki inkcazelo epheleleyo ngobomi bakhe, yaba umqalisi ye inani lwemiboniso. Ngamnye kubo luye lwaququzelelwa kwelona nqanaba liphezulu.

Iingxelo malunga Repin kunye nomsebenzi kwi "Yonyaka ka theater Imperial"

Xa ixesha elithile lobomi, Diaghilev wagqiba ukwenza ngodaba malunga igcisa odumileyo. ngayo umsebenzi Repin, owathi, ngokwembono yakhe, yaba kufutshane "World of Art", kunokuba ukuya abathululi ngokukhawuleza ebhaliweyo. Ngelo xesha, kukho intandabuzo encinane ukuba akukho isipho Repin picture lwemizobo olusengqiqweni. Noko ke, abaninzi abazange qaphela ukuba wegcisa Ndaqalisa kukuveza umntu, ukusebenzisa ubuchule owayephila. italente yakhe emangalisayo ukuqikelela Diaghilev, eye bungqinelwa ixesha.

Abasemagunyeni babona ukuba Sergey Pavlovich Dyagilev, ifoto apho lucaciswa kule nqaku, oko ngokoqobo ngokupheleleyo amandla. Ngenxa oku kwisithuba ukususela 1899 ukuya 1901, wamiselwa umhleli we lowu "Yonyaka ka theater Imperial." Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abazi, Diaghilev waba umlinganiswa abayinqobo kuye, rhoqo waziphendulela umbono wakhe, ngokufuthi ukumqumbisa hlakalo. Emva omnye ngquzulwano ishushu Sergey Pavlovich yagxothwa yaye baphulukana nethuba lokuba ukusebenza kumaziko karhulumente. Wema phezulu Diaghilev Nicholas II, acele uNobhala Taneyev ukumngenisa inkonzo yakhe.

iiprojekthi ezintsha

Le projekthi, awayeyenza Diaghilev kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, nomdla engasekho yena. Ithuba elilandelayo ixesha ichitha endleleni eya ya le Rhaxiya, leyo phonononga uqokelela izinto zobugcisa. Them ugqiba ukuba angenise umfundi Russian. Kungekudala eqalisa ukuba ndithethe amanqaku abantu abanomdla, kwakunye ukubhala ngokutsha Levitsky ingqondo yemveli. Ngoxa umzobi yaziwe bambalwa kakhulu abantu. Yaba Diaghilev wavula uluntu italente Levitsky. Kuba lo nguye ukhethwe imbasa Uvarova.

Okulandelayo, wagqiba ukuba balungelelanise mboniso, nto leyo eya ukubonisa umsebenzi amagcisa ukususela kowe-1705 ukuya 1905. Ukuze bahlanganise ingqokelela mizobo kwakufuneka aye imizi ngeenxa abaninzi Russia. Wakwazi ukuqokelela imisebenzi amawaka amathandathu. Kwakhona Sergey Pavlovich wayefuna ukuba ubhale imbali yezobugcisa ukususela kwinkulungwane XVIII. Kodwa ukuzalisekisa esi sicwangciso ukuba akuphumelelanga. Ukuqokelela imifanekiso, Diaghilev wakwazi ukupeyinta ngokunzulu zuchit ngelo xesha.

Ngelishwa, kangangexesha elide lo mboniso iye yagcinwa. Emva kokugqitywa kwalo, igumbi ekhethekileyo yabekelwa imifanekiso, yaye simiselwe ukuba babuyele ababhali bazo. Inkoliso yale misebenzi ezatshatyalaliswa ngexesha Revolution.

Ububi of Europe

Kungekudala Diaghilev baqala ukuqonda ukuba wenza konke okusemandleni eRashiya. Apha esehlela le nkarhini lowu taka yokuqala, kodwa wayengakwazi ukuba uqhubeke imveliso yawo. Noko ke, ayizange ukusebenzela Diaghilev ukwenza ekhaya kwiMyuziyam kaZwelonke, kwakunye na ziphunyeziwe ezinye iingcamango umdla malunga ballet Russian kunye opera.

Ngowe-1906 waya koyisa eYurophu, imibutho eParis, kumboniso "Art Russian". Emva kubo eyokubonisa artists Russian e Venice, eBerlin kunye Monte Carlo.

Le miboniso zibe ukuvulwa "amaxesha Russian". Diaghilev ngawo ukuba emithanjeni yakhe yhuu igazi Peter I. Le imisebenzi Diaghilev, Sergei Pavlovich, baba udumo ngokwenene ezintsha. Ngokomzekelo, yena ikwazile ukudibanisa ubugcisa, umculo kunye nokusebenza zokubonisa ballet. Yaba Diaghilev wafundisa abahlali isiFrentshi ballet Russian. Enkosi kuye, ezi zikolo best ballet wakubona Russian. Ukongeza, Diaghilev weza ehlabathini ubugcisa eziliqela amagama amatsha. Wafumanisa ballet entsha abadanisi brilliant - Vatslava Nizhinskogo, Leonida Myasina, kunye nabanye. Yaba nguye owaba ngunozala intwazana ukudanisa eyindoda. Yintoni guided Diaghilev, Sergei Pavlovich? NgezoBomi ukuba yaba amandla ngqangi spodvigla bana kwi lwalo iingcamango ngqindilili. Diaghilev waba ulifanasini. Ke wathanda abafazi, bayinqule, wafunda umsebenzi abathandi zabo.

ukucaca

Imbonakalo nemisebenzi Diaghilev kwinkcubeko yaseYurophu kwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba. Inyathelo lokuqala yaba mboniso lwemizobo abaculi Russian, kwakunye icons. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oko yaqala ukuvela unxibelelwano, awangqinelwa ngawo ukuba bakwazi ukulungiselela ikonsathi enkulu-isikali umculo Russian.

Kamva, waqalisa ukutsala emiboniso edume abadanisi Russian, yaye kunyaka onesiqingatha uza isigqibo ukuyila inkampani yakho.

Izintlu Ukubonakala ukuba i- Diaghilev hit. ngomdlalo ezintlanu Symphonic, leyo wenziwe inxaxheba amagcisa abaziwayo ezifana Chaliapin, Rachmaninov ihlelwe 1907. Kunyaka olandelayo enikelwe ukubonisa of opera Russian. It bayinikela odumileyo "Boris Godunov", yaye ngowe-1909 eFransi wabona "Le Ntombi of Pskov". Uluntu French wavuyiswa kunye emiboniso, phantse bonke abaphulaphuli baba nokukhala.

Emva kokuba midlalo ballet ngo-1910, abafazi abaninzi baye baqala bekwazi ukwenza iinwele, ezifanayo nezo ezibe abadlali ngexesha umculo.

fashion ballet

Ukuthandwa enkulu eYurophu ballets, leyo walungelelanisa Diaghilev. Le ballets mathandathu anesibhozo sasiboniswa iminyaka engamashumi amabini. Abanye babo sangena ezakudala ihlabathi ezifana "I Firebird." Sergei Pavlovich unako ukuyivula kwihlabathi nabaqondisi abambalwa abanetalente.

Ukususela ngowe-1911 isibalo kukwazi ukuqokelela kwi abadanisi qembu kaThixo edume eMoscow St Petersburg. Ngaxa lithile ngexesha wangena kunye midlalo eUnited States. Kungekudala emva leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, yaye kungekudala emva revolution 1917. Zonke ezi nguqu ziye zamthintela iqela ukubuyela ekhaya, kodwa ke akayi kukushiya.

Zonke izinto ezenziwayo zenziwa ngokuqhutywa Diaghilev, zazijoliswe impumelelo. Oku kwenzeka ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuqina kwayo. Ngokulula soyithomalalisa, ibohlwaye, ukubiza abahlobo kunye yenzondelelo yabo.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Kumanqanaba okugqibela ebomini ngaphantsi abanomdla Diaghilev ballet. New umsebenzi wakhe ukubutha. Kakhulu ixesha elide Sergei Pavlovich wayengenayo indawo yokuphumla ngokusisigxina. Noko ke, ekuhambeni wayeka e Monaco. Apha waqala ukubutha ekhaya imisebenzi zexabiso yobugcisa, kwakunye nemityikityo ezinqabileyo, iincwadi, yesandla, njalo njalo. Sergei Pavlovich waqalisa ukuba neengxaki ezinkulu imali, kwakunye nobudlelwane zayo nenye lover Nijinsky.

Wazama ukugcina ubudlelwane kwakunye ukuba ahlale kule kwiminyaka yamashumi yobomi yoluntu.

Ngowe-1921 Diaghilev wafumanisa ukuba unesifo seswekile. Noko ke, imiyalelo kagqirha, yaye akazange ayigcine yokudla. Oku kwabangela ukuphuhliswa amathumba. Isiphumo yaba usuleleko, ukunyuka okukhulu lobushushu. Ngelo xesha, yayingekabi yafunyanwa penicillin, ukuze isifo kwakuyingozi kakhulu. August 7, 1929 ukuba ityhefu igazi. Ezi ntsuku zilandelayo akazange kuvuka kuloo mandlalo ulele, yaye ebusuku ngoAgasti 19, ubushushu bakhe lenyuka laya kutsho kuma mane anamnye. Diaghilev andabikho zingqondweni waza wafa kokusa. Sergey Pavlovich wangcwatyelwa Venice.

Ubomi Kwangaphambili Diaghilev ngendlela engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Lonke elo xesha ke sangena phakathi ukhetho, apho inkcubeko kuyo kuhlala - Russian okanye yaseYurophu. Wenza imifuniselo ngqindilili phantse yonke impumelelo, Diaghilev bazisa kakhulu ngengeniso, kwakunye ulwamkelo kunye nothando noluntu. umsebenzi wayo ngokuqinisekileyo nempembelelo kakhulu nje Russian, kodwa yonke loo inkcubeko yehlabathi.