Ingqalelo disorder ebantwaneni: imiqondiso kunye nokulungisa. ADHD - ingqalelo ukungahlaliseki disorder ebantwaneni

Attention Deficit Disorder na ukuphazamiseka zixhaphakileyo luvo kunye nokuziphatha. Unesifo unxaxho-5% yabantwana. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu amakhwenkwe. Isifo ithathwa asikuko nokuba kuyabulala, kwiimeko ezininzi, umntwana ekhula nje. Kodwa ngezifo ubalekela ngokupheleleyo. Ubonakala bazikhethe, ukudakumba, disorder kunye nezinye izifo. , Iimpawu ezivelayo ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka kokuya esikolweni ukuze uphephe oku, kubalulekile ixesha ukufumanisa ingqalelo disorder ebantwaneni.

Kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukwahlula phakathi eqhelekileyo kukuzingca okanye ukunqongophala ngendlela ukusuka yanyhashwa ngokwenene kuphuhliso engqondweni. Enye ingxaki kukuba abazali abaninzi abafuni ukuvuma ukuba usana lwabo luyagula. Bakholelwa ukuba ukuziphatha engafunwayo uya kudlula kunye nobudala. Kodwa umkhankaso onjalo kunokukhokelela nemiphumela emibi ngenxa yempilo kunye psyche lomntwana.

Iimpawu Attention Deficit Disorder

Oku kuphambuka kuphuhliso luvo baqalisa ukufunda kwiminyaka 150 eyadlulayo. Ootitshala kunye kwengqondo ziye baphawula iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kubantwana abanengxaki zokuziphatha kunye usesemva ngasemva kwezemfundo. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi iqela, apho umntwana ngale ngezifo nje akunakwenzeka ukuba kude, ngenxa yokuba iyahlozinga ngokweemvakalelo kwaye akakwazi ukuzibamba.

Izazinzulu ziye yachonga ezi ngxaki iqela eyahlukileyo. Pathology wanikwa igama - ". Ingqalelo intsilelo ebantwaneni" Iimpawu, unyango, ebangela ngayo, kunye neziphumo nangoku efundwayo. Oogqirha, ootitshala kunye kwengqondo bazama ukunceda aba bantwana. Kodwa logama nje esi sifo uthathwa esinganyangekiyo. Kucacile ngokufanayo nokuba ingqalelo disorder ebantwaneni? Iimpawu ze kube lula ukwahlula iintlobo ezintathu izifo:

1. Nje ukungabi ingqalelo. Child saa, kade, abakwazi ukuba lugxile nantoni na.
2. Ukungahlaliseki. Kubonisa irascibility, impulsivity kunye eyahlukahlukeneyo ukwanda.
3. iimbono Mixed. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu rhoqo, ngoko elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba ukuhlukumeza ingqalelo ukungahlaliseki disorder - ADHD.

Kutheni kukho ngezifo onjalo?

Izazinzulu ayikwazi ukugqiba ngokuchanileyo oonobangela kwesi sifo. Ngokutsho Imigqaliselo ixesha elide watyhila ukuba imbonakalo ADHD bawaphikise zinto zilandelayo:

• yofuzo.
• iimpawu ngabanye e-nervous system.
• bume Poor: ungcoliseko izinto komoya, amanzi, indlu. Lead kakhulu yingozi.
• Ukwazi izinto eziyityhefu emzimbeni yomfazi okhulelweyo: utywala, iziyobisi, ukutya ezingcolisekileyo zinambuzane.
• Iingxaki kunye ezimbi ngexesha yokumitha kunye nabasebenzi.
• Trauma okanye izifo yobuchopho kwabantwana abancinane.

Hi ndlela leyi, maxa wambi ukungaqheleki kunokubangela emoyeni ngokwasengqondweni egwenxa entsatsheni, okanye indlela engalunganga kwimfundo.

Indlela ukuxilonga ADHD?

Kunzima kakhulu ukubona ngexesha 'ingqalelo intsilelo ebantwaneni. " Iimpawu zesifo ibonakala ngokucacileyo xa sele ubunzima ekufundeni ibonakale okanye ukuziphatha umntwana. Amaninzi, ubukho sigulo aqale sokukrokrela ootitshala okanye kwengqondo. Abazali abaninzi iingxaki zokuziphatha lunokusolwa yobudala nzima. Kodwa emva kokuba kugqitywe uviwo yi-Psychologist nga nokuxilonga ingqalelo disorder ebantwaneni. Iimpawu, Kuxakekwe ngonyango kunye zokuziphatha kunye nomntwana abazali ukuba ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha. Indlela kuphela ukulungisa ukuziphatha kunye nokuthintela izifo ezimandundu sele umdala.

Kodwa ukuqinisekisa uxilongo kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba uviwo ngokupheleleyo. Ukongeza, kufuneka agcine umntwana ubuncinane kangangeenyanga ezintandathu. Ngapha koko, iimpawu zinokuba okufanayo ezimbi ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba ngaphandle ukuphazamiseka emehlweni nokuva, ubukho ukonakala kwengqondo, ukuxhuzula, ukulibaziseka yophuhliso, impembelelo kwamachiza hormone okanye iiarhente ityhefu ezinetyhefu. Ukuze wenze oku, yoviwo womntwana kufuneka ibandakanye iisayikholojisti, oogqirha babantwana, neurologists, gastroenterologists, kwiitheraphisti, iingcali zononophelo lwempilo yokuthetha. Ukongeza, ihambo disorder inokuba isimo. Ngoko ke, uxilongo kwenziwa kuphela ukunyhashwa zokunyanzelisa nezolo, wabonakalaliswa ixesha elide.

Ingqalelo disorder ebantwaneni: Iimpawu

Indlela yokuphatha ngayo, izazinzulu ziye okwangoku baqonda ngokupheleleyo. Ubunzima kukuba ngezifo kunzima ukubona. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu yayo evame kunye lag njngesiqhelo kwi kuphuhliso akhuliswe engafanelekanga, mhlawumbi umntwana ibhuqiwe idibana. Kodwa kukho imiqathango ethile zokuva ezingaqhelekanga. Ukwahlula le miqondiso ingqalelo intsilelo ebantwaneni:

1. ukulibala njalo, izithembiso kuzaliseka kunye imicimbi engagqitywanga.
2. Ukungakwazi ingqondo.
3. ukungazinzi yomqondo.
4. look ongenanto, ngena wena.
5. Ukungabikho kwentliziyo, nto leyo ebonakaliswa into yokuba lo mntwana usoloko ulahlekelwa into.
6. abantwana abanjalo ukwazi ukunikel 'ingqalelo nasiphi na isifundo esinye. Abakwazi ukumelana nezinto ezifuna umgudu ngengqondo.
7. Umntwana idla uyaphazamiseka.
8. Wabonisa memory ukuphazamiseka kunye yokudodobala kwengqondo.

Ukungahlaliseki kubantwana

Amaxesha amaninzi, ingqalelo intsilelo sifo sikhatshwa ngokwanda umsebenzi ngeemoto impulsivity. Kulo mzekelo, kubenzima ngakumbi ukuxilonga, ekubeni aba bantwana abadli barhuqe emva kuphuhliso, kunye nokuziphatha kwabo kucingelwa ukuba kungaba ukuziphatha okubi. Njani, kule meko wabonakalisa ingqalelo disorder ebantwaneni? Iimpawu ze ukungahlaliseki zezi:

• nokungabi kakhulu, ukungakwazi ukuphulaphula interlocutor.
• intshukumo njalo ekucamngceni iinyawo nezandla.
• Umntwana akakwazi bethe tu, ngokufuthi iyaxhuma.
• iintshukumo kwenjongo kwiimeko apho akafanelekanga. Imalunga yokubaleka bejikeleza, ukutsiba.
• ukuphazamiseka Unceremonious abanye abantu imidlalo, iincoko, iiseshoni.
• umsebenzi Motor kuqhubeka kude ngexesha ubuthongo.

abantwana abanjalo 'ukungxama, banenkani, abangenazigqibo kunye ingafanelekanga. Baye akukho self-discipline. Ukuba akakwazi ukuzibamba.

Zokwaphulwa kwemithetho kwezempilo

kubonakala nje kuphela ngokwayo xa ukuziphatha ingqalelo Isifo ebantwaneni. Iimpawu zesi ibonakale kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ukuphazamiseka yempilo yengqondo neyomzimba. Kaninzi oku bubonakala ukuvela ukudakumba, ukuxhalaba, ukuziphatha izenzo okanye Tic luvo. Imiphumo kuphazamiseka loo manghanghamela okanye enuresis. Abantwana ingqalelo snizhet emnyama okanye ulale nokuphazamiseka zenzeka. Bayakhalaza of yintloko rhoqo, ukudinwa.

nemiphumela yezifo

Xa abantwana lo unesifo iingxaki nelingenakutsitywa kunxibelelwano, ukufunda, kwaye kaninzi kwimo yempilo. Ezingqongileyo uyamlahla loo mntwana, kubandakanywa nazo zayo zokuziphatha kunye nambeko. Oku kukhokelela ukuzithemba elisezantsi kunye nomsindo. Kungekudala aba abantwana baqala ukusebenzisa utywala, iziyobisi, ukutshaya. Xa elivisayo, abonisa bazikhethe. Bona basoloko owenzakeleyo, engena silo. Ezi nentsha ungaba isijorha izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Ngamanye amaxesha akulungele ukumbulala. Ukongeza, badla kombisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Njengoko sifo esibonakaliswa abadala?

Nge ubudala, iimpawu zesifo kuthotha kancinci. Abantu abaninzi ukulawula ukuqhelana ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Kodwa ke uninzi iimpawu zesifo iqhubeka. Kuhleli Mzoli, ixhala rhoqo Mzoli, ukuba nochuku, low self-esteem. Ubudlelwane nabantu ziyonakala, ngokufuthi izigulane zibe ukudandatheka rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho disorder kukuthenga izinto, nto leyo eyaba sengqondo. Izigulane ezininzi ukufumana uncedo nentuthuzelo utywala okanye iziyobisi. Kaninzi esi sifo kukhokelela ukugqiba ukuthotywa womntu.

Indlela yokuphatha ingqalelo intsilelo disorder ebantwaneni?

iimpawu isifo luboniswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana akufundisayo kunye sifo iba lula. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi kucetyiswa ukuba ukunyanga esi sifo, ukuphucula ubomi babantu kuphela isigulane, kodwa kwabanye. Nangona ngezifo kucingwa asikuko nokuba kuyabulala, amanye amanyathelo nangoku yamkelwe. zikhetwa ngabanye ukuba umntwana ngamnye. Amaninzi ke le ndlela:

1. Imithi.
2. ukuguqulwa yokuziphatha.
3. Nonyango lwengqondo.
4. Special Ukudla ngaphandle ongeziweyo ngumntu, colorants, izakhi kunye caffeine.
5. Ukuyifundisa - transcranial inkanuko Imagnethi okanye microcurrent.
6. amakhambi - yoga, ukucamngca.

ukuguqulwa yokuziphatha

Ngoku yonke into eqhelekileyo ngakumbi ingqalelo disorder ebantwaneni. Iimpawu kunye nokulungiswa kwale ngezifo kufuneka yaziwe kubo bonke abantu abadala ukusebenzisana kunye nomntwana egulayo. Kukholelwa ukuba esi sifo ayikwazi sinyangeke ngokupheleleyo, kodwa uyakwazi ukunyenyisa ukuziphatha abantwana, ukuququzelela lithathelwe lwabo kuluntu. Oku kufuna inxaxheba bonke abantu umntwana, ingakumbi abazali nootitshala.

iiseshoni esebenzayo rhoqo nge ngengqondo. Banceda umntwana ukoyisa umnqweno ngokwenza bengacinganga, ukuba ukuzibamba kwaye aphendule ngokufanelekileyo mthetho. Isebenzisa iintlobo olulandelenayo, iimeko eyenziwe boqhagamshelwano. kuluncedo kakhulu ndlela kuthanjiswa enceda ukuba ndinciphise uxinezeleko. Abazali kunye nootitshala kufuneka ukukhuthaza rhoqo ngehambo eyiyo aba bantwana. Kuphela impendulo entle ixesha elide iza kubanceda bakhumbule ukuba benze njani.

amayeza

Uninzi iziyobisi ukunceda umntwana kunye ingqalelo, uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi. Ngoko ke, lo unyango isetyenziswa kungafane, ingakumbi kwiimeko kakhulu, ukungaqheleki kakhulu-luvo kunye nokuziphatha. Le psychostimulants qho emiselweyo nootropics echaphazela ingqondo kunye negalelo kuqheleke ingqalelo kwaye kuphuculwe ukuhamba kwegazi. Kananjalo kusetyenziswa yokunciphisa kunye nadlamkisayo ukunciphisa ukungahlaliseki. Amayeza oluqhelekilyo ADHD ezi iziyobisi zilandelayo: "Methylphenidate", "Imipramine", "Nootropin", "Focalin" "Cere" "Dexedrine", "Strattera".

Tips for abazali

Iinzame ezidibeneyo ootitshala, bengqondo kunye nezinye iingcali kumnceda umntwana wakho. Kodwa umsebenzi eziphambili iwela emagxeni abazali bomntwana. Indlela kuphela boyise yokunqongophala ingqalelo ebantwaneni. Iimpawu kunye nonyango lwezifo abadala ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka ukuba zihlolwe. Kunye nasekusebenzeni umntwana ukulandela imithetho ethile;

• Chitha ixesha elininzi umntwana, dlala kunye zizibandakanye nayo.
• Ukuze abonise indlela yena wayemthanda.
• Musa ukunika usana lwakho umsebenzi onzima kunye nodandatheko. Iingcaciso kufuneka icace kwaye ibe eziqondakalayo, ingxaki - ngokukhawuleza ukuzuzeka.
• Njalo ukuphucula ukuzithemba lomntwana.
• Abantwana abane ukungahlaliseki kufuneka ukudlala imidlalo.
• Kufuneka ulandele umbuso engqongqo lemini.
• yokuziphatha engamkelekanga umntwana kufuneka ukuba nizityhafise kakuhle, yaye into elungileyo ukukhuthaza.
• Asinako ukuvumela ukudinwa. Abantwana kufuneka afumane ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo.
• Abazali kufuneka sihlale sizolile kuzo zonke iimeko, ukuze zibe ngumzekelo usana.
• Ukuqeqesha ngcono ukufumana isikolo apho ingqalelo ngamnye kunokwenzeka. Kwezinye isikolo iimeko ekhaya.

Kuphela indlela ehlanganisiweyo kwimfundo kuya kunceda umntwana ukuqhelana ebomini abadala baze boyise sifo.