Inhibitors yokubola. Izindlela zokukhusela ukubola

Kunyaka ngamnye, malunga nekota nganye yesinyithi eveliswe kwihlabathi ilahlekile ngenxa yokuphuhliswa nokuhamba kweenkqubo zokubola. Iindleko ezinxulumene nokulungiswa kunye nokufakwa kwezixhobo kunye nokunxibelelana kwamashishini amakhemikhali zidla ngokugqithisa ixabiso lezinto ezifunekayo ukuze zivelise. Kuqhelekileyo ukubiza ukutshatyalaliswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwezinyithi kunye nama-allo ahlukahlukeneyo phantsi kwefuthe lokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, unokuzikhusela kule nkqubo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela ukubola, njengeentlobo zempembelelo. Kwintsimi yokuveliswa kweekhemikhali, iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokubola zikarhasi, i-atmospheric kunye ne-electrochemical.

Phuma kwimeko

Ukukhethwa kwendlela yomzabalazo kule meko kuncike kuphela kwiimpawu zetsimbi ngokwayo, kodwa nakwiimeko zayo zokusebenza. Izindlela zokukhusela ukubola zikhethiweyo ngokuhambelana nemibandela ethile, kodwa nakhona, kukho ubunzima obuninzi. Ingxaki ekhethekileyo idibene nokukhethwa kwenketho kwi-medium multicomentent medium with parameters ehlukileyo kwinkqubo yenkqubo. Kwimveliso yamachiza, oku kwenzeka rhoqo. Izindlela zokukhusela ukubola, ezisetyenziselwa ukuzenzela, zahlula ngokwemiqathango yesiphumo sabo kwimeko kunye nentsimbi.

Impembelelo kwimeko

Kwaye kwiMinyaka eyiNkcazo ezizodwa ezazisetyenziselwa ngamanani amancinci zaziwa, okwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ulwalamano lwendawo ekhulayo. Kule njongo, kwakuqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa ioli, i-resins kunye nesitashi. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, i-inhibitors eninzi kunye ne-corrosion inhibitors ivele. Ngeli xesha, kuphela eRashiya inokubala inani labakhiqizi babo. Insimbi ye- corrosion inhibitors isasazeka ngokubanzi ngenxa yeendleko zabo ezibiza. Ziyasebenza kakhulu kwiinkqubo apho kukho umthamo oqhelekileyo okanye ohlaziyiweyo olusisiseko sokusilela, umzekelo, kumathangi, amatanki, iinkqubo zokupholisa, iibhoyili kunye nezinye iikhemikhali.

Iipropati

I-inhibitors ye-Corrosion ingaba nobume bendalo kunye nobunjalo. Bayakwazi ukukhusela kwimiphumo yemithombo yamanzi okanye igesi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-inhibitors ye-corrosion kwi-oyile yoshishino ihambelana nokukhutshwa kweenkqubo ze-anodic kunye ne-cathodic zomonakalo we-electrochemical, ukwakheka kweefilimu ezingenayo. Unokuqwalasela ubunzulu beli.

I-anodic corrosion inhibitors isebenza ngesiseko sokungabikho kwamacandelo anodidiyo enkqantosi yesinyithi, eyayiyimbangela yokubonakala kwegama labaphangi. Ngaloo ndlela, i-oxidizers of origin oforganic originally used: nitrates, chromates and molybdates. Ziyaphinda ziphinde zifumaneke kwiindawo ezinamacangco, ezenza zibe zifana ne-depolarizers, ukunciphisa izinga loguquko lwe-anodic kwisisombululo esinezixhobo ze-metal ezinokutsha.

Abazilawuli baka-Anodic bayabonwa njengamanye amaqumrhu angabonakali ngokuba khona kweendawo ezixhamlayo: i-polyphosphates, i-phosphates, i-benzoate ye-sodium, i- silicates. Isenzo sabo njengama-inhibitors sibonakaliswa kuphela ebusweni be-oksijeni, eyabelwe indima ye-arhente ephasayo. Ezi zinto zikhokelela kwi-adsorption ye-oksijini kwimihlaba yesinyithi. Ukongeza, bangela ukuba inkqubo yokuchithwa kwe-anodic igxininise ngenxa yokubunjwa kweefilimu ezikhuselekileyo, ezibandakanya iimveliso ezithintekayo ezinokuzenzekelayo ezinokuthi zincincile i-inhibitor kunye ne-ion zensimbi zidlulayo kwisisombululo.

Izixhobo

I-Anodic inhibitors yokuchithwa kweentsimbi zidlalwa njengeyingozi, kuba phantsi kweemeko ezithile ziguqula ukusuka kwiimodareyitha zibe ngabaqalile inkqubo yokubhubhisa. Ukuze ugweme oku, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuxinwa kwe-current current is higher than that where the passivation of the regions of anode. Uxinzelelo lwe-passivator akufanele luwele phantsi kwexabiso elithile, ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa kwe-passivation akunakwenzeka, okanye akuyi kuphelelwa. Ikhetho lokugqibela lijongene nenengozi enkulu, kuba ibangela ukunciphisa umgangatho we-anode, ukwanda kwentsuku kunye nokukhawuleza kokutshatyalaliswa kwentsimbi kwiindawo ezincinci.

Izidingo

Kuvela ukuba kunokwenzeka ukubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo xa ukhuseleko lwe-anode inhibitor lugcinwa ngaphezu kwexabiso eliphezulu kuyo yonke indawo yemveliso ekhuselweyo. Ezi zinto zithintela ngokwaneleyo kwi-pH yendawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-chromates kunye ne-nitrate zisetyenziselwa ukutshintshisa ukushisa kunye nokukhusela umbhobho wamanzi.

I-Cathodic Inhibitors

Ngokutsho kwefuthe lokukhusela, ezi zinto zingasebenzi ngaphantsi kunezinto ezizenzekelayo. Isenzo sabo sisekelwe kwinto yokuba i-alkalinization yendawo ephakathi ikhokelela ekuvelweni kweemveliso ezingenayo i-cathode, ezibeka inxalenye yomhlaba kwisisombululo. Njengaloo nto, umzekelo, i-calcium bicarbonate iyakhupha, ikhulule i- calcium carbonate kumgangatho olinganiselweyo njengokuba kunzima ukuyidiliza. I-inhibitor ye-corrodic corrosion inokuthi ukubunjwa kwayo kuxhomekeke kwimimandla yokusetyenziswa ayikhokelela ekunyusweni kwenkqubo ewonakalisayo, nangona umxholo unganele.

Iintlobo

Kwiimidiya ezingathathi hlangothi, izinto ezingabonakaliyo zihlala zisebenza njenge-cathodic kunye ne-anodic inhibitors , kodwa kwizisombululo ezinamandla ezinokuthi zingancedi. Njengabalindi ekuveliseni i-acids, izinto eziphilayo zisetyenziswa apho iamolekyu ziqukethe amaqela athile okanye ama-polar, umzekelo amines, thiourea, aldehydes, i-carbonate salts kunye nama-phenols.

Ngendlela yokusebenza, ezi zi-inhibitors zokubola zibonakaliswa ngumntu okhangayo. Emva kokukhangisa kwiindawo ze-cathode okanye ze-anode, zikhubaza kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-hydrogen ions, kwakunye nokuphendula kwe-ionisation yesinyithi. Kwimeko enkulu, isiphumo sokukhusela sisekelwe kukushisa, ukugxininisa, uhlobo lwe-anion ye-acid, kunye ne-concentration ye-ion hydrogen. Zivame ukudibaniswa ngexabiso elincinci, kuba umphumo wokukhusela wenani le-inhibitors ye-organic kwiindawo eziphezulu zi nokuba yingozi.

Ngokomzekelo, ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Penta-522 yintlawulo yeoli. Iyakwazi ukubonelela ngezinga lokukhusela ngaphezulu kwe-90% ngokusetyenziswa kwe-15-25 ukuya kweyigremu nganye ngetoni. I-inhibitor ye-corrosion ekhiqizwa phantsi kwe-trade mark "i-Aminkor" yinto yokuveliswa kwe-acidi carboxylic acid, engenayo iphikisayo, ayinayo iphunga elimnandi, ayiyona inetyhefu. Isilinganisi sawo senziwa kuphela emva kokubeka indlela ebangele ngayo indawo yangempela.

Imiphumo yesinyithi

Eli qela leendlela zokukhusela liquka ukusetyenziswa kweengubo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zipeyinti, izitye, irubha nezinye iindidi. Ziye zenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ngokutshiza, i-galvanic, i-gumming kunye nezinye. Unokuqwalasela ngamnye wabo.

Ngaphantsi kwe-gumming, kuyinto yesiko ukuqonda ukukhuselwa kokuqhaqhaqha ngokusebenzisa iingubo zerabha, edlalwa rhoqo kwi-klorine. Imixube ye-Rubber inyuse ukunyanzelwa kweekhemikhali kwaye inikeze ukukhuselwa okuthembekileyo kwezigubha, iibhate, kunye nezinye izixhobo zamachiza kwiinkonzo ezonakalisayo kunye nokubola. I-Gumming iyabanda, kwaye iyatshisa, eyenziwa yindlela yokutshatyalaliswa kweepoxy kunye ne-fluoroplastic mix mix.

Kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ukukhetha, kodwa nokusebenzisa i-inhibitor ye-corrosion. Abafaki ngokuqhelekileyo banikeza imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga nale ngxaki. Ngomzuzu, ngaphezu kwe-galvanic deposition, indlela yokupima i-speed-speed iye yaxhaphaka. Ngoncedo lwazo iintlobo ezininzi zeengxaki zixazululwa. Izinto zokwenza umbane zingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iingubo ezinempahla ehlukileyo.

Ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo

Imiba enxulumene nokukhuselwa kwezixhobo zeekhemikhali zichanekileyo, ngoko ke kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokucokisekileyo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ukufumana ingubo ephezulu kukufuna ukuhlalutya kwimeko yomhlaba, ukubunjwa kwendawo, imiqathango yokusebenza, isantya sobudlova, iimeko zokushisa kunye nezinye. Ngamanye amaxesha "kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi" kukho ipharamitha ebalulekileyo ehambelana nokukhethwa kohlobo lokubhinca, umzekelo, ukutyalela kanye nakwezinye iinyanga ezimbalwa ze-propane. Yingakho isiqhelo ngasinye esinobudlova sidinga ukhetho lwaloo mfilimu wangaphambili kunye nezinto ezinjalo zokubhinca ezibonakaliswa ngokuchasene nomsebenzi.

Iingcamango ezingavumiyo

Iingcali zithi akunakwenzeka ukuthelekisa iindlela zokuphamba kwe-gas-thermal phakathi kwabo kunye nokunye ukuthetha ukuba enye ingcono kunomnye. Ngamnye wabo unamathuba athile kunye neentsilelo, kwaye iingubo eziphethwe zizinto ezihlukeneyo, ezibonisa amandla abo okuxazulula ezinye zazo imisebenzi. Ulwakhiwo olunzulu, olumele lubonakaliswe yi-inhibitors ye-corrosion, kunye nendlela yokufaka isicelo, kukhethwe njengokuba kunjalo.

Kwizityalo zeekhemikhali, le ndlela isetyenziswe rhoqo kwinkqubo yokulungiswa okuqhubekayo. Nangona i-acro corrosion inhibitors isetyenzisiwe, umgangatho wesinyithi kufuneka ulungele kuqala. Le yindlela yodwa yokuqinisekisa ukugubungela umgangatho. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ngokucacileyo kwipende kunye ne-varnish, kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-jet blasting, ehlinzeka ngendawo ebanzi.

Unyaka ngamnye uphuhliso olutsha kunye nolutsha luvela kwimarike, kwaye kukho ukhetho oluninzi. Nangona kunjalo, amakhemikhali kufuneka anqume ukuba kuya kuba nenzuzo ngakumbi ukukhusela ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwezixhobo okanye ukutshintshwa okupheleleyo kwazo zonke izakhiwo.