Yintoni i-napalm? Isicelo kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-napalm

Ngokumalunga naluphi na i-napalm, abaninzi abantu baseSoviet bafumana kuphela kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60, bebukele i-TV ingxelo evela kwiVietnam. Ukutshisa, ukulimala kunye nabantwana abafayo, izixeko ezivuthayo kunye nemizana yabangela ukuba bacaphuke. Nokuba idutshulwa kude, isiteleka somoya sasibukeka sibi. Ngaphandle kwehlathi "Phantom" okanye "Skyhawk" waya kwinqanaba lokulwa, ngexa elithile esuka esiswini sakhe wahlula i-tank enkulu eyenziwe ngecigar, efana ne-tank eyongeziweyo, wayesehla ngenye indlela kwaze kwaba yilapho wayichukumisa umhlaba, waza waqhekeka Kwasasaza ulwandle lwangempela lomlilo, okungazange lusindiswe khona ... Ngokubanzi, i-napalm yinto ekhohlakeleyo.

Iingcamango kunye nendlela yokwenza ngayo

Kulo lonke into ejongene neendlela zokutshabalalisa uhlobo lwazo, abantu babonisa ubulumko, ngokufanelekileyo bafanelekile kwisicelo esingcono. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwandisa ukuphumelela kokubulala, ngaphandle kwesibhamu sokuqhuma ngokukhawuleza kunye nezixhobo zokhuselo, kwakukho izixhobo zokutshabalalisa, i-knapsack, ezimileyo kwaye zinyuka kwiitanks ezikhethekileyo. Le ngcamango ilula: ilwelo elitshisayo njengamanzi avela kwi-hose kufuneka ithunyelwe kwiintshaba. Kodwa nangona kwimeko elula, wayenabanjwa. Okokuqala, kufuneka ungene, kwaye okwesibini, ukunyanzelisa inkqubo yokuqedwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. I-petroli ilungile kuwo wonke umntu, kodwa iyatshisa ngokukhawuleza. Zama ukushisa idizili. Ufuna uhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezinokutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza, zikhupha ixesha elide. Ngomnyaka we-1942, lo msebenzi wawusombulule ngeengcali zeYunivesithi yaseHarvard eyayisebenza kwiqela likaDkt. L. Fisher kwimigaqo ye-USACC (amabutho amachiza e- US Army). Kungekudala amaJapane, ephethe ukukhusela kweTinian, afunda ukuba yeyiphi i-napalm. Nangona kunjalo, akubona bonke abakwaziyo ukuthetha ngako.

Ubugcisa bokulungiselela

Ingcamango jikelele yezobuchwepheshe kwakungenxa yokongeza izithako kwiibisi eziphambili ezicotha ukutsha, ukunyuka kwe-viscosity nokunyusa amandla okunamathela. Kuhle kakhulu kule njongo i-rubber: inamathele, kwaye i-viscous, ize ichithe ngokupheleleyo, iyatshise, kodwa ibuhlungu kakhulu. Nantsi umxube weetyu ze-palmitic kunye ne-naphteic acid ziphumelele kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-napalm kwaye wanika igama, akukho nto enxulumene negama lesiRashiya elithi "ukudubula", kodwa lenziwe kwiileta zokuqala zeemveliso zamakhemikhali ezenza i-petroli eqhelekileyo ibe yingozi kakhulu.

Isiphumo semizamo yabaphuhlisi yinto ethile ethile, ekuhambeni kwayo kuncinci okanye ngaphantsi kwe-jelly. Iqondo lokushisa elivuthayo lifikelela kuma-degrees Celsius angamakhulu asibhozo. IziHlomelo zenza malunga neyeshumi yenani. Yayisetyenziswe ngempumelelo eYurophu, ekulweni nemikhosi yaseJamani kunye namaqabane abo, kunye nakwimidlalo yasePacific yokulwa neJapan.

Yintoni i-Napalm-B

Inkqubela ayikwazi ukunqunyulwa, ingakumbi kwintsimi yezixhobo zokutshatyalaliswa. Apha kwimfundo nakwiyeza ... Kodwa ngoku kungabi malunga nale nto.

Kakade ekuqaleni kweMfazwe yaseKorea, ukubunjwa kwe-napalm kwaxhaswa ngamalungu amitsha aphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kwawo. Okokuqala, ukuzinza kweekhemikhali kwaphuculwa ngexesha lokugcina ixesha elide, ukulungiswa kokucwangciswa ngamaqhezuzi kwapheliswa. Okwesibini, kwaqala ukutshisa kakhulu kwaye kushushu (kufika kwi-1500 ° C). Okwesithathu, kubaluleke kakhulu - le mveliso inako ukunamathela kuyo yonke into ehlabathini. Ukuba into ithululelwa ngamanzi okanye ifafazwe ngekhephu, oku kulunge ngakumbi (oko kukuthi, kubi ngakumbi into). Izinyithi ze-Alkali zifakwe kwi-napalm , eyaziwa, ukusuka kwikhosi yekhemistry yesikolo, ivele iqhubeke xa i-humidity ishaya. Njengoko umgcini we-"Napalme-B" usetyenziswa i-polystyrene eqhelekileyo, yachithwa ku-benzene. Yonke le mxube engapheliyo, kunye ne-sodium okanye i-potassium, ifakwa kwi-petroli, ixutywe kwaye yonke into ilungile. Ukutshisa ngisho nentsimbi. Ngendlela, kwaye ingabizi.

Ukuqonda kunye nokuthintela

Ngokuchasene noko kuthiwa yiV Vietcong (i-National Liberation Front), i-Army yase-US yayisebenzisa i-arsenal yayo yonke, ngaphandle kwezixhobo zokutshabalalisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi nokuqonda ukuba yiyiphi i-napalm, kunzima ukuyiyeka ingcamango yokuba ingabalelwa kuloluhlu. Kwimpahla enikwe, ayinakukhathalela ngokupheleleyo ukuba ingaba ikhulu, iwaka okanye ngaphezulu izinto eziphilayo zikwindawo yesicelo sayo, iya kutshisa yonke into ewa kuyo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba ngowama-1980 i-UN yavuma imvume yokunqanda i-napalm. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutshabalalisa kwaqatshelwa njengeyona ndlela yintlupheko yemfazwe. Kodwa akuyena wonke umntu owayephulaphule ilizwi elithulileyo lezathu. Kodwa iindleko zokuzicingela wena okanye umntu ovela kwiintsapho zakho phantsi kwesiqhwithi sezulu se-napalm. Mhlawumbi, kungekhona wonke umntu unengcamango eyaneleyo ...

Emva kowe-1980

Iindibano ekunqandeni ukusetyenziswa kwe-napalm yamukelwa ngamazwe angama-99 ehlabathini, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sazo zonke ezingeniswe kwi-UN. Phakathi kwabo, iRashiya (ngoko i-RSFSR), i-Ukraine (i-Ukrainian SSR), i-Belarus (i-BSSR) kunye neYurophu yonke (iSan Marino kunye ne-Andorra ayinayo impi, ngoko ke, kwinkqubo yokunciphisa, iimali ezibulalayo azibandakanyi). Amazwe ayenayo okanye alindele imfazwe, akayekanga ukusayinwa okanye ukulungiswa. Phakathi kwabo yi-USA, Israel, Turkey, Republic of Korea, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Sudan, Nigeria kunye nabanye. Emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, iiRiphabliki ezine zase-Azerbaijan, iArmenia, i-Kyrgyzstan ne-Kazakhstan) azizange zijoyine iindibano (inkqubo yesithathu).

I-Napalm yayisetyenziswe ngumkhosi waseSalvador (impi yombango, 1984), e-Argentina (i-Folklandy, 1982), e-Iraq (ngokumelene namabutho ase-Iranian, 1980), kunye ne-Great Britain kunye ne-USA (ngexesha leNkqantosi yaseDeste 1991). Njengoko kudla njalo kwimfazwe, ukubetha kwakungekho rhoqo kuchanileyo, okubangela ukuba abantu bahlupheke.

Omnye we-napalm

Ukukhangela uphawu lwempumelelo, abavelisi beempahla ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa amagama awaziwayo kubantu abaqhelekileyo, kodwa kumxholo othile. Ngokomzekelo, iindlela zokulwa neenqanawa zibizwa ngokuba ngu "Koba" (iqela lomnxeba we-JV Stalin), ngokubhekiselele, ngokubhekiselele, ukunyanzela kwakhe kwiintshaba. Phakathi kwezinye iisampuli zeekhemikhali zasemakhaya zingatholakala kunye "neNapalm" kwokhula. Oku, ngokubhekiselele kwintengiso ye-annotation, i-herbicide esebenzayo, ukufumana ngokwenene abavelisi bezolimo kunye nabanikazi be-cottages zasehlobo. Inzuzo yalo enkulu, njengaleyo ye-napalm yangempela, kukugcinwa kwezinto ezinzulu kwiindawo zezityalo kunye nokuchasana nemvula. Leli gama linjani? Ngaloo nto ukugweba abathengi. Mhlawumbi akubona bonke abantu abakhumbulayo ngeMfazwe yaseVietnam.