Injongo yegama ngu-Odysseus. Imbali, imvelaphi yegama

Odysseus wayenxibe iqhawe lamaGrike elidala. Ngaloo ndlela ahamba ngayo siyazi ukubonga kwimibongo kaHomer. Ngokuphathelele i-Odyssey, kunye nabanye abalobi basendulo abakhankanywe. Ababhali baseYurophu, ukususela kwi-Renaissance ukuya kwiintsuku zethu, baye bahlala benomdla omkhulu kumfanekiso weli qhawe. Kwaye akumangalisi. Emva koko, inkcubeko yeGrisi yamandulo yaba enye yeziseko zentlalo yaseYurophu. Amaninzi amaninzi eendawo zamanje, amagama, iinjongo zenzululwazi zixhomekeke kulwimi lwaseGrisi lasendulo.

Imvelaphi yegama

Zininzi iinguqulelo zentsingiselo yegama. Inguqulelo ethandwa kakhulu "inomsindo, inomsindo".

Intsingiselo enye yegama elithi Odysseus - "oothixo abanomsindo." Olu khetho lubonakala lukhulu kakhulu. Ezi zilingo ezintle eza kufuneka zinqotshwe yi-Odysseus zinokuchazwa ngokwenene kuphela ngenxa yokungaphazamiseki kwamagunya aphezulu.

Ekugqibeleni, abaxhasayo kwinguqulo yesithathu babona ingcambu eqhelekileyo kumagama ka-Odysseus noZeus xa ebhala ngesiGrike. Ngokomlando, u-Odysseus wayeyinzala yodhixo ophezulu waseOlimpiki. Ngomgca womama, umkhulu wakhe wayengumHermes. Ngaloo ndlela, phakathi kookhokho baseOdysseus - kanye kanye noothixo ababini. I-pedigree efanelekayo yeqhawe, owenza izinto ezininzi.

Impawu yamagama aseGrisi yamandulo

Abemi baseGrisi yamandulo babengenamagama. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba, le meko yenye yeembonakalo zentando yesininzi yentando-nkqubo yeGrike - umntu akanakulindela intlonipho kuphela ngenxa yokuba yintsapho ehlonelweyo. Ngoko ke, elowo ufune ukuzizukisa ngeempumelelo zakhe, bhala igama lakhe kwimbali.

Kwakungekho mithetho evunyelwe ngokubanzi malunga nendlela yokubiza umntwana kwiGrisi yamandulo. Amaxesha amaninzi anikezelwa ngokuhlonela omnye oothixo. Ngokomzekelo, uDiodorus uguqulela ngokuthi "isipho sikaZeus." Kwakhona, amagama aseGrisi yamandulo ayengabonakalisa ezo mpawu abazali abangathanda ukuzibona kumntwana wabo. Ukubizela intombi yakhe uSophia, wayenqwenela ubulumko. Xa banika igama likaNicon, babe nethemba lokuba unyana uya kuba ngumnqoli, kuba umphathi wakhe wayeza kuba unkulunkulukazi uNika.

Imbali ye-Odysseus

Ininzi yobomi beqhawe lethu ichazwa nguHomer. Emva komtshato wakhe u-Penelope Odysseus enenjongo yokunandipha uvuyo loxolo lwentsapho, kodwa kwafuneka ahambe kwi- War War. Kwakuyiqhinga laqulunqa ihashe leplanga elazisa amaGrike intsindiso.

Ukuqhutyelwa phambili kwe-Odyssey, ehlala iminyaka engamashumi amabini, kubangelwa ihlazo loothixo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kweemeko. Xa ekugqibeleni wayekwazi ukubuyela e-Ithaca, waphenduka nguAthena waba yindoda ebuthathaka.

Ngeli xesha, umfazi wakhe uPenelope woo iisayili ezininzi, ekholisa ukuba uOdysseus wayesele efile. Kufuneka adlulise uvavanyo ukuze aqinisekise ubungqina bakhe. Emva kokuba uPenelope amqaphele, u-Odysseus ubulala abaqeqeshi bakhe kwaye ulungiselela ukugubha.

Ngaloo ndlela, njengoko isalathiso siqhubeka, intsingiselo yegama elithi Odysseus iguquka. Ukuba ekuqaleni ufanele ahlangabezane noburhalarhume boothixo, ngoko ke ekupheleni kwenkcazelo sele sele sele ecaphukile kangangokuthi uyasusa zonke izithintelo ezisuka endleleni yakhe. Ekupheleni, ubonakala njengowesizukulwana sobukhosi sikaZeus, inkosi epheleleyo yezinto zakhe.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Odysseus

Iqhawe likaHomer liyaziwa, ngaphezu kwayo yonke, ixesha elide kakhulu elibuya ekhaya ukusuka kwi-War War. U-Odysseus kwafuneka aphumelele kwiimingcipheko ezingenakubalwa. Uninzi lwabalandeli abangaqhelekanga nolumangalisayo awadibana naye ngeli thuba.

Kwisiqithi se-Odysseus kunye neentombi zakhe zaziphantse zilahlekelwe imemori. Emva koko, iqhawe elinesibindi limele likulwe namaCyclops amakhulu. Ithemba likaOdysseus lokuba abuyele emazweni akhe asekuhlaleni libhujiswa ngabanqwelisi bakhe. Bakheba inkokheli yabo i-furs baze bayikhulule, balindele ukufumana ubuncwane apho. Kodwa kukho imimoya, eyinikwe ngu-Odysseus Aeolus, kwaye ithwala iinqanawa kude nolwandle. Kufuneka abaleke kwiiduna ezinkulu, ashukume phakathi kweScylla neCharybdis aze amelane neengqungquthela zentsimbi.

Iidventures azikhawulelwanga ukujikeleziswa kwezilwandle. I-odysseus, kwiingcebiso zeTiresias yezilwanyana, yenza uhambo olude lomhlaba. Ngomgubo ehlombe lakhe ukhangele abantu abangayazi ulwandle.

Umntu

Ukuba kuvela kuZeus Odysseus uzuze ukunyamezela kunye nomoya ongenakulungiswayo, ngoko uvela kumnye umkhulu wakhe, uHermes, wafumana ubuqili kunye nezoshishino. Ezi mpawu zamnceda ukuba aphile kwiimeko ezininzi ezibulalayo ezenzeka ngexesha elide.

I-Odysseus idla ngokuphanga, ikhohlise, igalela iinjongo. Ezi zenzo zamnceda ukuba aphile, kodwa bahlala behlasele abantu base-Odysseus kufuphi naye. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu kwimbono yabantu abathandayo umntu ophoqelelwe ukuba aphephe iinqwelo zonqulo?

I-odysseus ayifani namanye amaqhawe aseGrike. Amagama amaninzi kubo axhulumene nokunqoba ekuloleni okulungileyo. Ezinye zazo ziphumelele ngempumelelo ngenxa yamandla omzimba, njengeHercules. Abanye basebenzisa ingqondo kunye nokudibanisa, njengoJason. U-odysseus kuphela owaziwa ngokuba ngumqambi nomkhohlisi.

Uthando lwemidlalo

Ngexesha lokuduka kwe-Odysseus wadibana nabasetyhini abaninzi abangaqhelekanga. Abanye babo baba yintanda yakhe. U-Odysseus wachitha iminyaka kwisiqithi se-sorceress Circe waza wachitha iminyaka eyisixhenxe nge-nymph Calypso. Nangona kunjalo, ulwalamano lwakhe nabasetyhini lwalumangalisa ngokunyanisekileyo. U-Odysseus akaze afihliwe kwintanda yakhe ukuba akayi kuyeka ukuzama ukudibana kwakhona noPenelope, olindele kuye eItca.

Le yinto ephambili yokutshatyalaliswa kumntu weqhawe lethu-ukulala nokubala ekusebenzelaneni nabantu noothixo, uguqukela ekubeni uthembeke kwaye uhlale ethanda. Ngaphandle kwesizathu sithetha intsingiselo yegama elithi Odysseus - indoda ethembekileyo. Injongo yalo lonke ukunyuka kwakhe kukubuyela ekhaya, kwintsapho.

Odysseus ePortugal

Imbali yemvelaphi yamagama igcwele iimangalisa kunye neentlungu. Oku akuyiyo kuphela abantu, kodwa izixeko. Ngokomnye weengcamango ezithandwayo, igama le- Portugal capital capital Lisbon livela egameni lika-Odysseus. Kukholelwa ukuba emva kokubuyela eIthaca, ukuhamba kwakhe akuzange kuphele.

Ukubuyisela inceba kaPoseidon Odysseus wahamba uhambo lokuhamba. Esi siprofeto samyalela ukuba afune abantu abahlala kufuphi nolwandle, kodwa bengenako ukugibela iinqanawa.

Uhambo lude. Ekugqibeleni, i-Odysseus yafikelela kummandla osentshonalanga yePeninsula yase-Iberia. Kuphela i-Atlantic Ocean yongezelela. Apha, emaphethelweni omhlaba, u-Odysseus wadibana nabantu abathwala i-oar ehlombe lakhe ngefosholo. Aba bekhokho ezide kude zePortugal zamanje. U-Odysseus wabafundisa ubugcisa balo mkhumbi. Kamva, isiPutukezi saba luhlanga lwabanomdla olwandle.

Igama elithi Odysseus namhlanje

Imvelaphi yamagama angamadoda, aqhelekileyo kwindlebe yethu, inokulandelwa ngezinga eliphezulu lokuqinisekiswa. Abaninzi babo bathathwa kwiBhayibhile. Amanye avela kumagama angcwele angamaKristu. Abaninzi bafuna ukubiza umntwana ngokuhlonipha amaqhawe amandulo.

Abanye abazali banenkxalabo ukuba ingcaciso yesiGrike yegama lika-Odysseus iya kubachaphazela umlingani womntwana wabo. Akukho mntu ufuna ukuba unyana wakhe akhuthele aze ahlale ecaphukile. Ezi zinto zingenakwesaba. Kwiintanethi zentlalo, kubhalisiwe abaninzi abasebenzisi ogama elithi Odyssey. Ukuthetha nabo kubonisa ukuba banomdla kwaye banobungane.

Ufuna umntwana wakho abe negama elihle - wambize u-Odyssey ngokukhuselekileyo!