Ulwandle Gangut ekulweni (1714): inkcazelo, unobangela, imbali kunye neziphumo

Enye ugqaliselo ezininzi ezinkulu yoMntla iMfazwe, ngenxa apho Russia Wayixakaxa odumileyo yakhe "window eYurophu", waba Gangut aselwandle idabi. Yaba kokuqala phezu undefeated izithuthi Russian Swedish. Inkumbulo nto wasungula iholide - Usuku uzuko yomkhosi eRashiya, nto leyo lubhiyozelwa minyaka le ngomhla Agasti 9, isikhumbuzo edabini.

Longquzulwano phakathi amandla mabutho amabili

Ngasemthonjeni ka-1714 Russia wathabatha ilifa zonke emazantsi eFinland, kunye nenxalenye evisayo yeentlobo kwindawo yayo engundoqo. Kodwa ezinye yokoyisa mhlaba akwanelanga. Ukuphuma ukuya kuLwandle eBaltic kwakufuneka uloyiso phezu fleet Swedish, ukulawula ngesisa amanzi ayo. Yiyo lo mngeni yaye yanikelwa Peter I phambi umyalelo we-butho Russian.

NgoJuni, kwabakho imfuneko yokomeleza imikhosi ekampini awayegade wayithimba amajoni Russian Abu port, yinto into ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ukuya kunxweme Gangut yena bathumela wayenomkhosi asithoba anesithoba iinqanawa ekuqhubeni phantsi umyalelo F. M. Apraksina. Le nto ndiyibhalayo imikhumbi amathandathu anesixhenxe kunye scampaways abangamashumi amathathu anesibini (iinqanawa ezincinane ukuthuthwa-mkhosi). I balwa babelindele ukubonakala kwindawo iinqanawa Russian, yaye bafudukela ganga yonke imikhumbi yabo, ephethwe yi-Vice-Admiral Gustav Vatrangom - onamava alimwi yomkhosi wamanzi, owayendifundisa ubuqili yemicimbi zomkhosi.

empini Gangut - Kungquzulwano kokubheqa nokuhamba ngomkhombe neenqanawa

Mu kuya kwa nshita ekuqhubeni fleet Russian kwiingalo Swedish zaye becala esasisiya neempahla, nto leyo edale imivuzo emikhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zemozulu. Phakathi iinqanawa wotshaba frigates amathathu, elinesihlanu Zempi, ezimbini ibhombu-Galiota kunye imikhumbi ezinkulu ezisithoba. Ngaloo ndlela, phezu ecaleni balwa yokuba preponderance ocacileyo zamandla wenza F. M. Apraksina umva in Tverminnskuyu Bay kwaye yibambe phantsi kwekhwapha iziqithi phantse inyanga.

Emva kokufumana iindaba ngomgibe, leyo wabetha fleet Russian, uPetros Ndabalekela uncedo lwabo. weza yena ulahlekisa butho evela Revel ne-20 Julayi beza Hanko. Efuna ukuhlala lenqubo, umlawuli wafihla igama lakhe lokwenyani phantsi elabo Petra Mihaylova. Apha, ebusweni lotshaba, wazibonakalisa ukuba umphathi owaziwayo aselwandle. Gangut ukulwa yomkhosi wamanzi yaba uloyiso ngenxa Russian fleet yaqulunqwa kubo isicwangciso onesibindi kunye yokuqala.

intshukumo okulwa of Peter I

Ukuthatha ithuba iimpawu zelizwe elo lizwe, uPetros ndakwazi outplay tactically Swedish isekela-gosa. Waqalisa ulwakhiwo inxalenye kwaza lwabo malunga kwizibuko, leyo zivaliwe wayenothotho Apraksin, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Perevoloki. Yaba log flooring kweekhilomitha ezimbini ubude, osusela ibhanki enye ukuya kwenye kwaye ivumela isiphathi kuwo Uvale iimpahla kwelinye icala Peninsula Bay-Rilaks umfula. Ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso ezinjalo kuvumela ukukhululwa kwizithuthi ukuqapha.

Yakuba ifunyenwe le ngcaciso i Scouts, Gustav Vatrang nangoko wabahlula imikhosi yakhe ibe ngamaqela amabini, wamthuma emanzini Rilaks Fjord wayenothotho, owawukhokelwa yangasemva Admiral N. Erensheld. umsebenzi walo ukutshatyalaliswa kwasemlilweni zokudubula imikhumbi yabo Russian ngexesha kwakhe mthethweni ngaphesheya sezwe. Iqela lesibini iinqanawa umthetho ngu Vice-Admiral Lille, yaba, ngokwezigqibo necebo lakhe ukuhlasela imikhosi eziphambili Russian. Esi sigqibo kakhulu ubhalo, kodwa nangona kunjalo nokubakho impazamo, eyaba ezibulalayo ukuba weenqanawa Swedish.

butho ukuphumelela Russian

Eli candelo imikhosi yotshaba waza wathabatha ithuba umlawuli Russian. Imozulu ngaloo mini - 6 Agasti - kwaba moya yaye ezolile, njengoko nisazi, uphosene ke iinqanawa yeenzuzo zabo eziphambili - uphume. Ngenxa yale isipho isiphelo butho leenqanawa Russian phantsi umyalelo MH Zmaevich waqalisa ukwaphula ngokungakhatha- elirhangqiweyo neenqanawa Swedish emi amaqhinga alenga evela iiseyile. Balwa akwazi ukujonga kuphela sisimumu rage utshaba engasoze njengoko umgama phakathi kwabo iinqanawa Russian awavumelekanga ukuba ukusebenzisa imipu.

Emva kokuba yokuqala kunye ngamava yesibini, eliquka iinqanawa-15. Akuba olu kushenxa, iyunithi Zmaevicha elirhangqiweyo usingasiqithi kwaye ukuba wothuka ngokupheleleyo balwa, eyirhawula iimoto zabo, silindele mhlaba eniwela wayenothotho Russian. Vatrang Okulandelayo emadolweni ngokucacileyo. Yena irhashalala kanye wemka wona evalela i wayenothotho Apraksin, nangoku Tverminnskoy bay. Ngaloo ndlela ke wavula mfula konxweme wanika iinkundla ithuba ukuvimbile ngokudibanisa kunye nemikhosi eziyintloko ekuqhubeni fleet ukuba atyhudise, abheke Vanguard yezi zithuthi.

Njengoko imfazwe zenzeka Gangut

Imbali imfazwe yomkhosi wamanzi iya kuhlala ngonaphakade encwadini yeembali ubungqina ubuchule bakhe engaqhelekanga Committe nenkalipho ngayo oomatiloshe Russian. Ukususela amaxwebhu kwaloo minyaka siyazi ukuba imini imikhumbi yinxalenye squad Erenshelda kwaye ngokwamaqela kufuphi nonxweme yomntla siqithi, bahlaselwa yi-Vanguard yezi zithuthi Russian.

Swedish Vice Admiral wakha umgca yazo phakathi, kungqameko eziye zafikelela ziqithi. Oku wabanika iingenelo ezithile ukusetyenziswa zokudubula waza wanceda ukulwa kuhlasela ezimbini zokuqala. Kodwa elesithathu ebulalayo kubo. Kuye kwenziwa nxamnye nelisemihlubulweni kwaye akazange avumele welinye iqela ukuze ngokupheleleyo ithuba zokudubula yabo.

zokubhoda lokugqibela ukulwa, waba loyiso

Inyaniso ukwazi: Gangut imfazwe phantsi Peter 1 yaba wokugqibela, isiphumo leyo yachongwa ukulwa esinaleni. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba lo mhla umlawuli Russian ngokwakhe indulumbane ukuba bakhwele enqanaweni, kwaye ekhwela intambo kwibhodi lutshaba emkhombeni, kwaba ngumzekelo nesibindi ubuqhawe. Kungekudala zonke iinqanawa utshaba zafakwa, abo amalungu nabasebenza zabo, baba nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukuze bahlale bephila, basiwa banjwa.

impi ulwandle Gangut (1714) yaphela xa iwuthimbe lo flagship wenqanawa Swedish "Elephant". Ngaphandle kwakhe, lo baseRashiya abaye baba neembasa ezinye iinqanawa ezilishumi babephantsi umyalelo Vice Admiral Erenshelda. Eminye imikhumbi yawo wakwazi ukuba uyeke kwaye babalekele Aland Islands. Ibanjwa bekuthathwe khona lize ke Erensheld. Nangona kule ithamsanqa suku umva wayo inja endala elwandle, kuba akukho zibandakanyeke shame kwaye wadubula izihlandlo zibe sixhenxe, wabanika oomatiloshe Russian, kutyekelo kuphela bembuza.

Izinto kwababezikhonza njenge uloyiso Russian

Abaphandi baye ngokuba eyona miba ephambili, apho kwakukho imbali noloyiso Gangutskaya edabini. Ngokufutshane ke kuthi ndiligwala bubulumko okuboniswa ngokomyalelo fleet Russian, a yokucinga akrelekrele Committe, evumela ukusetyenziswa ezilungileyo ayisindi ekuqhubeni lwezithuthi ngaphambi - enamandla ngakumbi, kodwa ngaphantsi mobile, kunye flotovodcheskie yomntu umgangatho obalaseleyo loMlawuli Petra Velikogo.

De kube ngoku, abaphandi akukho kuvumelana kwinani kokuhlaselwa eyenziwe oomatiloshe Russian ngokuchasene fleet Swedish. Inguqulelo uchazwe apha ngasentla isekelwe phezu ubungqina ngembali underdog, kwaye iphakamisa ezinye amathandabuzo. Kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba kuhlasela enyanisweni omnye kuphela, kwaye ezinye ezimbini kukho yasungulwa balwa, owayefuna ngandlela ithile ukuxhasa i iyaxokozela ngoko iwonga ubuciko bayo nokubonisa ukuba loyiso waya ixabiso Russian enzima.

Meaning yokuwina Gangut

Ngenxa yoko, loo mini nangoku asakhulayo Russian Navy kuphela ukuba woyisa kwidabi lakhe lokuqala aselwandle. Gangut Russia kwaba oluvelayo amandla omtsha Maritime yamandla. Oku kwandenza ndazi- kakhulu eliphakamileyo phakathi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu wavumela ukuba aqhube thethwano kwi ngokulinganayo kunye ngookumkani lamazwe aphambili ehlabathini. Ukongeza, ukuwina 1714 aselwandle emfazweni Gangut nefuthe elibonakalayo kwikhosi ngokupheleleyo phaya kuMntla War.

Ngesi loyiso, imikhosi emhlabeni Russian bakwazi ukuba usebenze ngokukhululekileyo kunxweme Gulf of Finland kunye Gulf of Bothnia. Kwaye nangona nya ka eSweden iminyaka esixhenxe engakumbi, kodwa emva kokuba Idabi Poltava ulwandle Gangut imfazwe - uloyiso yokuqala enkulu elwandle - ukubonisa ihlabathi ntuthuko inkqubo yokuba ngathi eRussia trendsetter kwezopolitiko ehlabathini.

Hlula abanikele

NgoSeptemba 1714, abawinileyo wabuyela eSt Petersburg. Apha bahlangana zizihlwele ngabemi ngolangazelelo aqhankqalaza phantsi Iingqameko ngokukodwa sakhiwe i Arc de Triomphe. Uye isithsaba umfanekiso okhozi Russian ehleli bangxabalaze indlovu. Elephant - oko kuthetha igama flagship Swedish "Elephant." Ugqibezela Umbhalo umfanekiso isigqebelo: "ukhozi Russian na iimpukane ukubamba."

Kuba Gangut aselwandle imfazwe uPetros I wawongwa isihloko usekela-gosa, leyo kufaneleka kakuhle, ngenxa yendima yayo ephambili umyalelo kwizithuthi kwaye akwazi ukwenza izigqibo abanolwazi kwimeko entsonkothileyo kwebhola. La mabhaso anikwa kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kweli dabi.

Ngoko nangoko ekubuyeni kwakhe elikomkhulu amabutho kubalwa amawaka oomatiloshe iimbasa "Kuba uloyiso Gangut", kodwa, ngenxa ababephila, abazange ukuba Siyazihlonipha bazibalula edabini, yaye kwiminyaka emibini elandelayo, eli inani kwaphindaphindeka kathathu. Iimbasa ezizodwa zazikhutshwa zamagosa. Russia liye lawonga amagorha, Bulelani apho edabini elo Gangut. Sea amandla amandla kungekho sizathu belusoloko ingqalelo njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo izakhono ukuzikhusela.

imikhumbi kwikhompyutha

iinqanawa kuthinjwa balwa basiwa eSt Petersburg. Baye ifakelwe ukuba zokubukela zoluntu kunye Kronverkskaya imibhobho emantla esahlula uPetros Paul Fortress ngakwicala elunxwemeni, apho namhlanje zokudubula Museum. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho flagship odumileyo "Elephant".

Peter I ndinelunda kakhulu ngaye njengoko inkumbulo uloyiso esizukileyo, yaye wayalela ukuba ukusebenzisa kwixesha elizayo ngenxa imisebenzi zomkhosi, kwaye, yalungiswa, ukuya elunxwemeni kwaye wenze kwaso uhlobo sisikhumbuzo. Senza njalo. Xa inqanawa engayiwayo bendimi elunxwemeni de 1737, kodwa ebolileyo ngokupheleleyo, ayizange wachithwa ngenxa iinkuni.

Icawa - sisikhumbuzo oomatiloshe Odumo

Gangut idabi yomkhosi wamanzi kwabulawa abaninzi Russian, kodwa oomatiloshe Swedish ngakumbi. Phakathi kwabo, abantu 361 kuluhlu ezifileyo 350 owenzakeleyo. Phakathi oomatiloshe Russian onesibindi ukufa kwabantu 124 babulawa yaye 342 abalimele. Imbeko uloyiso uphumelele ngomhla xa iCawa Orthodox ibhiyozela memory of St. Panteleimon, ibandla lakhiwa eSt Petersburg. On sibonakala wamomeleza nebhodi marble nezikhumbuzo, nto leyo ithi uqhagamshelo umhlaba nolwandle, abathatha inxaxheba ekulweni.

Church kwisithuba 1735-1739 gg. Yena walakha phantsi kolwalathiso ezaziwayo-kakuhle umyili Russian I. K. Korobova kwaye sele ifikelele nathi kwifomu ezihlaziyiweyo. Abaninzi baqhelene nale sakhiwo, ibekwe kumbindi wesixeko kwikona kwisitalato Pestel kunye Salt Lane. Ngoko ke immortalized yi ilitye lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo Gangut imfazwe - uloyiso lokuqala Russian aselwandle.

amadabi ulwandle Grengam kunye nabammeli yaseHankey

Icawa lowo oqingqiweyo wenye uloyiso uzukileyo wendala i zithuthi Russian, iphumelele ngo-1720 xa wayesilwa iinqanawa Swedish ukuba siqithi Grengam. Gangut wazibonela ubuqhawe baseRashiya kwaye ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Xa wabizwa ngokuba Hanko lizwe. Ngonaphakade wangena imbali uyaziphendulela, eziqale kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kohlaselo German kwilizwe lethu yaye yathatha iintsuku 164. Malunga kubo kufana nelitye ibekwe phambi ibandla St. Panteleimon, kwelinye icala lesitalato Pestel.