Inkcazelo, imbali kunye Ireland Square

Emerald Ireland, ezele iintsomi malunga leprechauns kunye tikoloshe, aye abangela umdla oosonzululwazi kunye zakudala. Ngapha koko, le siqithi kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona iindawo apho abantu baye besihlawule kudala - amawaka esibhozo iminyaka BC. A isiqithi indawo Ireland ka-84 ubude macala onke. M. km, nto leyo evumela ukuba ahlale umgca lwesithathu kuluhlu kwezi ziqithi ezinkulu eYurophu. Ukongeza, kude kube ngoku abembi azibanga nako nje wena ukuyityhila le injongo dolmens megalithic kwaye ngubani amanani amakhulu zifumaneka lizwe. Ongakholelekiyo, kodwa kude kube ngoku indawo Ireland asizange uphando ngokupheleleyo, yaye oko kuthetha ukuba imbali kula mazwe ezimangalisayo ungadluliselwa kunye namanqaku anika umdla.

Abemi yokuqala Ireland

Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba yokuqala abantu Ireland weza apha ngoko nangoko emva kokuphela Ice Age xa imozulu uvumelekile ukuba bazive bekhululekile kula mazwe. Ngokukhawuleza lonke Ireland ibimiwe ndawo kunye bendawo mhlawumbi waqala ukwakha ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo megalithic. Kuyinto okungaziwayo kutheni Irish yamandulo ekwakheni ezi zakhiwo bezinye iintlanga. Kodwa ke, umzekelo, i-dolmens ziyaqwalaselwa zesikhumbuzo nokungcwaba. Nangona ezinye izazinzulu babanga ukuba banalo intsingiselo engcwele, yaye ngoncedo lwabo abemi siqithi enxulumene kunye nemimoya. Hi ndlela leyi, kwenye izakheko megalithic, abembi bezinto zakudala bafumana imephu endala ilitye zezulu apho inyanga eneenkcukacha kakhulu kwaye ubonisa isiqabu yakhe.

Ireland ngexesha langaphambi kobuKristu

Ehlabathini kwenkulungwane yesibini i-BC kwi siqithi ifike izizwe Celtic. Baqalisa ukufuduka ukusuka eMpuma Yurophu ekugcineni hayi kuphela wanyamalala kodwa kwiziqithi ezikufuphi. Le ndawo sele Iyakwazi yi kumaCelts of Ireland ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, bona basebenzisa izixhobo zentsimbi, ubutshantliziyo kunye nothando yomkhankaso zomkhosi. Inxalenye labantu bendawo aqotywa, kunye nabanye siqithi ngcembe nesele kumaCelts zibe isizwe sinye. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba eloyisile siqithi nempembelelo entle kakhulu kwi inkcubeko kunye nophuhliso. Celtic bazisa nabo iiteknoloji ezintsha, ulwimi, ukubhala, nonqulo. Phantse zonke iintsomi Irish ezinye utoliko zembali Celtic kunye neenkolelo.

Inxulumene kunye nezizwe Celtic le Druids, owashiya uphawu ngokunzulu inkcubeko iintlanga ezininzi aseYurophu. Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi Druids bazisa ulwazi lwabo olunzulu ku Ireland wayifundisa oonyana babantu bendawo inkcubeko nenkolo yabo. De kube ngoku, uninzi ntsomi isixelela nakoosiyazi ezilumko fair abaye bancedisa ukuphuhlisa ezolimo Irish kwaye ngesisa babelane ngolwazi lwabo zinzulu ngokuma, ezolimo kunye nempiliso.

LobuKristu of Ireland

Ehlabathini ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesihlanu Ireland yaqala ukuna bevangeli yokuqala bazama ukuguqula abantu balapho ukuba ubuKristu. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukongeza Usuku St. Patrick, nto leyo egqalwa abangcwele ibalulekileyo Irish negalelo yobuKristu siqithi ziye zenza kunye nabanye abakhonzi zeCawa - eSt Columba kaThixo, umzekelo, okanye Kevin ngcwele. Kodwa esemthethweni Baptist Ireland nangoku ithathwa njengokuba St. Patrick wazalelwa iBritani kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu sachithwa amakhoboka Irish.

Ekubeni indawo Ireland mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, yaye abemi abaninzi, i-lobuKristu wathabatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba eziliqela kwiinkulungwane eziliqela, ukufumana iimpawu zalo kule nkqubo. Kuba Ireland, oko kwakungafani ukutshatyalaliswa kweentlanga, kunye nokubekwa ukholo entsha. Abavangeli ngcembe ukukholisa abantu balapha, wakha yoonongendi nabakuvuyelayo bafundise Irish. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kwisithuba ukuhla lenkcubeko eYurophu, Ireland waba ilizwe elifumileyo, apho ubuKristu ayikho abantu olungephi, and vice versa - ukugcina kuyo. Lendela zibe negalelo kuphuhliso lolwimi ebhaliweyo, wadala imifanekiso eyahlukileyo kwizifundo yonqulo eqingqiweyo emangalisa. Abembi bezinto zakudala abaninzi mbali ubize kwinkulungwane 5-6th "Golden Age" of Ireland.

behlasela Viking

Ireland (ndawo, ummandla kunye isimo sivune wenza) iye utsale ingqalelo yabamelwane. Xa Kwiinkulungwane 8-9 zahlasela Irish ziye phantsi ukuya njalo Viking.

Bona zonakalisa iilali nezigodlo, uninzi ezo yadilizwa emhlabeni. Ukuze ukwandisa impembelelo yayo, i Vikings baqalisa ukumisela emzini wabo yaye yayingeyonxalenye abemi zabemi siqithi. Around Dublin yasungulwa ngo-988, nto leyo ukudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso siqithi. Vikings wabeka imizi zibuko parallel, kwafuneka ukuba indlela yabo ebaluleke gqitha. Ngcembe waqalisa kwakhona kwi yoonongendi siqithi, kwaye boyisa ayisekho aphathe iimonki kunye nokhozo yetyuwa. Ziye zafunda ukuba bahlalisene ngoxolo.

I-Irish asingabo nje bazama ukuphelisa ayehlasela Vikings, kodwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-11 Brian Boru (ngukumkani njengowongamileyo) unako ukuyoyisa umkhosi elihlaselayo.

Ukusekwa kwe-mandla British

Ireland indawo enkulukazi (ngeekhilomitha square - .. 84 amawaka) ayikwazanga ngokukhawuleza okanye emva ukutsala ingqalelo British. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11 Baqala ebe phezulu ukuze imizi emikhulu Irish, ngokuthe ngcembe uboyisa kubo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-12, Korol Genrih II wathi yena Nkosi Ireland wamisa igunya lakhe phezu ethile inxalenye siqithi. Anglo-Norman neenkosi naye akazange asilele iqhekeza enkulu somhlaba Irish waza waqala ukuqokelela phantsi kolawulo lwakhe.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17 amaNgesi wazinza phantsi siqithi yaye ngokuqinisekileyo babeke imithetho yabo. Ngcembe Ukubuyisela ulwimi Irish, izithethe namasiko. Kodwa kwesi sihlandlo sexesha, oku akukhange Ndizuze umlinganiswa abaninzi, ngoko ke Irish ngomonde wawunyamezela imiyalelo korhulumente omtsha.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, iyantlukwano yabantu kwi amatsha kunye namadala kunye ngokucacileyo kakhulu kubonakala ngenkulungwane ye-17. Izinyanya Irish kunye IsiNgesi namaKatolika isiseko sokuqala sale yoluntu, kodwa ukuba sigculelwe. British bahlali-wayebhekisela ukuba urhulumente omtsha, abantu basekuhlaleni, nekungoku ingxamele ahlwempuzekileyo ngonyaka ngamnye.

Kucinezelwa Irish: uphuhliso eli lizwe phantsi kwephiko British

The British, abo ke uninzi amaProtestanti amaKatolika ngenkuthalo idlwengulweyo, abo phantse bonke Irish. Kwinkulungwane ye-17 kwathatha iifom enkulu ngokwenene. Katolika ayengavunyelwa ukuzakhela ukuthenga umhlaba, kuba iicawa zabo, ukuba afumane imfundo ephakamileyo kunye ukuthetha ulwimi lwabo. Ilizwe yaqala kwimvukelo oko kwakhokelela kungquzulwano elide ngexhanti lenkolo athi zakhokelela kwisahlulo lizwe.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, amaKatolika hayi ngaphezulu kwe ezintlanu pesenti yomhlaba kunye nenkcubeko wasinda wabulela kuphela yemigudu imibutho efihlakeleyo, ezibe eqokelelwa veki kwaye sithoba iiklasi zoqeqesho kubantu abaselula.

Kwikota yokuqala kwenkulungwane ye-19 kuye kubekho nobudlelwane kobudlelwane phakathi Ireland neBritani. Kwazeka Bulelani ukuba umsebenzi kaDaniyeli O'Connell, azixhokonxa iPalamente IsiNgesi wegqitha imithetho ezininzi lula ubomi Irish amaKatolika. Le ngokuthanda ngolangazelelo wasivuna amalungelo abemi nabo baza bazama lokuphinda kwiPalamente Irish ukuze bakwazi abahlali yesiqithi ngokwayo nempembelelo ipolitiki yelizwe.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala War of Independence

Mhlawumbi ibali Ireland babesenza enye indlela, kodwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19 kweli lizwe iminyaka emithathu ilandelelana yaba isivuno ihlwempu yeetapile, apho lo mthombo uphambili ukutya Irish. Inani labemi waqala ukulamba, kodwa ngokunxulumene nemithetho emiselwe yi-yaseBritani, ukuba kuthunyelwe kwamanye amazwe okuziinkozo. Minyaka yabemi Ireland lancipha, ngethemba lobomi obungcono siqithi baqalisa ukuya kwamanye amazwe kweli lizwe. Abaninzi kubo bahlala kwi-US, abanye ukuzama luck yakhe eNgilani. Xa ixesha elifutshane ngexesha Ireland ushiye malunga nezigidi ezibini iintsapho.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 Irish Isenokusiqiqisa waqalisa ukufuna self-government. Kodwa ke babonakaliswa ngokucacileyo umahluko zonqulo phakathi kwabemi belizwe - inxalenye esemantla Ireland Wayemelwe yi amaProtestanti, xeshikweni abemi jikelele kwaye wahlala yamaKatolika. AmaProtestanti ababemelene urhulumente, nto leyo yakhokelela ekwandeni imimoya lizwe.

Nangona amaBritane bavuma nenye ukuya Irish ize isayinwe uxwebhu kwi self-government, Ireland waza wahlala phantsi kolawulo lilonke eBritani. Oku abaxhasi ukhathazeke kakhulu yokwahlukana isithsaba, no-Aprili 24, 1916 qhankqalazo wakhulela e Dublin, eyathatha iintsuku ezintandathu. Ekupheleni kwaso phantse zonke iinkokheli intshukumo yabulawa, okubangele nokuvela intshukumo olululo Ireland. Ngowe-1919, kwenziwa isaziso nokudalwa wePalamente Irish, kunye yalilizwe elizimeleyo.

Isiqithi Ireland: ndawo, indawo namhlanje

umnqweno Irish inkululeko ikhokelele kulwa eNgilani, eyathatha ukususela ngowe-1919 ukuya 1921. Ngenxa yoko, ngumvukeli iphumelele olufunayo kwaye bezimele ngokupheleleyo eBritani, kodwa iindleko lwenkululeko yaba ekwahlulweni lizwe kunye noluntu.

Ngenxa yoko, imephu kwasekwa ezimbini ithi - Irish Free State nakuMntla Ireland. Yathi ke inkoliso wesiqithi bobabo i-Irish Free State, northerners abahlala kuphela anesithandathu elinye siqithi.

Yintoni na indawo Ireland (Republic): inkcazo emfutshane

Ekubeni isibhengezo ukuzimela the Republic of Ireland lamkele abahlala kwamalungu ayo 26, kunye nendawo zelizwe kukuba ezingama-70. M. km. Kuyinto urhulumente ngobukhulu kwisiqithi.

Ukuya ku-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, ilizwe abaneengxaki kakhulu kwezoqoqosho, abemi waqhubeka balishiye elo lizwe, kodwa ukufumana umsebenzi Ireland kwakunzima kakhulu. Kodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20, le meko iye yazinza. Economy luhlangabezana ukukhula ezinzileyo, yaye ngubani eshiywe kwakhona safika ikhaya ulutsha. Ngokutsho Iingxelo zakutshanje, wabuyela Ireland ngokuba ngaphezulu kwama-50 ekhulwini, abafakwa. Kwaye oku kubonisa ukuba phambi lizwe balinde nje utshintsho oluthembisayo.

Northern Ireland: inkcazelo kunye neempawu

Ukuba sicinga yonke indawo United Kingdom, Ireland abelwe akukho indawo ebalulekileyo enjalo (240.5 macala onke. M. Kwaye 84 amawaka km. Macala onke. Km ngokulandelelanayo). Kodwa abahlali inxalenye esemntla siqithi lanelisekile kakhulu kunye status quo ngo-1920.

Ummandla Northern Ireland of nje kwama-14 square metres. km, kweli lizwe wangena counties 6 kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba, de 1998, eMntla Ireland, ungquzulwano oluqhubekayo phakathi amaKatolika namaProtestanti. Lidla ayehambisana kukungafani bexhobile, kwaye United Kingdom ngaphezu seziqalile amajoni yabo lizwe ukusombulula iingxabano.

Phantse 30 iminyaka ngexhanti lenkolo yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama namawaka amathathu. Kuphela ekuqaleni 21 kwenkulungwane th, eli lizwe lifikile loxolo, amaqela alwayo, saxolelaniswa yaye uyakwazi bavumelane kwintsebenziswano. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inxalenye yabantu Northern Ireland of wakhetha kwenzeke kunye kwiRiphabliki abuyele bengatshatanga kwi siqithi. Kodwa isindululo ayixhaswa yi wonke epalamente belizwe, enokuthi ibe namkhusane omnye ngquzulwano kusonjululwa kwixesha elizayo.

isiphelo

Ireland kwimbali yawo kunjalo bafumana amathuba amaninzi nzima nempixano egazi bexhobile,, wahlala umoya elingoyiswayo yabantu okanye phakathi boyisa. Ngapha koko, kuzo zonke nommi ukopha amadoda Celtic ababemazi indlela yokuvikela inkululeko kunye namasiko.