Inqaba yeBelgorod-Dniester: idilesi kunye nexesha lomsebenzi. Imbali yenkqantosi

Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, iUkraine isoloko ibe yinto ephambili yeemfazwe kunye neengxabano ezixhobileyo. Yonke le nto yayiyimiphumo yendawo yendawo yeli lizwe, okwakusemva kwexesha elidlulileyo lisebenza njengomhlobo webhuloho phakathi kweMpuma neNtshona.

Imifula yaseUkraine yayiyimibhobho eyayisetyenziselwa ukufudukela kwabantu, kunye nokuhamba kwemikhosi. Kudlula kunye nabo kunye neendlela zokurhweba. Ngokuqhelekileyo iinqaba zokhuselo ezinamandla zakhiwe kunye neebhanki. Ngoncedo lwabo, iindlela zokurhweba zalawulwa, umqobo wenziwa ukunyuka kweentshaba.

Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba zonke iinqaba nezakhiwo zase-Ukraine zakhiwe ngenjongo yokuzikhusela kwaye zihlala kwindawo eyodwa kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezixeko. Babenenkxaso kunye nethemba lokukhusela kwiintshaba.

Belgorod-Dnestrovsky. Imbali

Iindawo zokuqala zangaphambili zavela njani kwisiza saloo mzi waseUkraine, nanamhlanje sisalwazi kwizenzululwazi. Abanye babo bakholelwa ukuba iintlanga zaseSlavic zakha amakhaya abo kwindawo yokubhujiswa kweTire yamandulo. Abanye bacetyisa ukuba ukuhlaliswa kwakuyingxenye yobukumkani baseBulgaria. Kodwa amaxwebhu amandulo angabonakaliyo aqinisekisa ubungakanani obukhethekileyo beBelgorod ukukhusela i-Kievan Rus.

Umhla wobuxeko wawusekupheleni kwekhulu le-14. Ngalesi xesha wayeyingxenye yobukumkani baseMoldavian njengechweba eliphambili kunye nenkunzi yamaphondo asezantsi. Ngelo xesha, kwakhiwa igumbi elinamandla elinokuqulunqa, okwakusesikhumbuzo esithakazelisayo sakhiwo sokwakhiwa kwexesha elide.

Imbali yenkqantosi

Ukuqulunqwa kweso sakhiwo malunga nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko ezazikho kule ndawo. Ngeliphi ixesha kwakhiwa iinqaba zeBelgorod-Dniester? Akukho mpendulo ngqo kule mbuzo. Okwangoku, iinguqu ezahlukeneyo zenziwe phambili. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba i-citadel ivela kwimvelaphi yaseTurkey, abanye-ukuba iMoldovan, yesithathu-eyi-Genoese. Sakha iinqaba zaseBelgorod-Dnistrovsky kangangeminyaka engamakhulu amabini. Isiqalo sokumiswa kwayo sibuyele kwiklasi yeshumi elinesithathu. Ukwakhiwa kwagqitywa ngekhulu le-15 leminyaka.

Indawo:

Kuyo yonke imbali yayo inqaba yaseBelgorod-Dnestrovsky yahlaba umxhwele wonke umntu ngokungenakwenzeka kunye namandla. Iindonga ze-citadel zakhiwe nge-calestone. Kukho inqaba kwinqaba ephakamileyo yamanxweme aseDniester. Yonke imimandla yayo, enesipompo esingaqhelekanga, iquka indawo engamahektare angama-9. Kukho ukwakhiwa ngamakhilomitha amane anesithandathu ukusuka e-Odessa, iikhilomitha ezimashumi amabini ukusuka kuLwandle oluMnyama, kwicala lasekunene loMlambo waseDniester.

Ukuba unyukela kwicala elikufutshane kufuphi neendonga, iinqaba ziyakunqumla umjikelezo. Ngelo xesha, iimpawu zokwakha kunye nezakhayo zomgca walo wokuzimela ziya kubonakala.

Ngenceba yamaTurkey

Ukusuka ecaleni lentshona kunye nomhlaba ukuya kunqabeni yaseBelgorod-Dnestrovsky kunyaka ka-1484, kwahlaselwa ngumkhosi wama-50,000-onamandla wamaMengli-Giray, eCrimean Khan. Iintshaba zazaliswa ngodonga oluqingqiweyo, zacinywa iintambo zokufakela iinqwelo. Emva koko amaTurkey aya kutshitshisa i-citadel. Amajoni avikelayo, nangona baxhathisa kakhulu, baphoqeleka ukuba banikele isakhiwo esizikhuselekileyo kwiintshaba.

I-Belgorod-Dnestrovskaya nqaba iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu namashumi amabini anesibhozo yawela phantsi kolawulo lwaseTurkey. Ngeli xesha leli xeko lathiwa igama. Igama lakhe elitsha, uAckerman, lithetha "ilitye elimhlophe."

Inqaba yaseAkkermanskaya eBelgorod-Dnestrovsky kwaye ngeli xesha ayizange ilahlekelwe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Amagunya amatsha axhasa isimo sokulwa kuzo zonke izibonelelo kwintsimi yayo, ukuhlaziya kwakhona inkqubo ekhuselekileyo ekhoyo, ukuyivumelanisa neemfuno ezintsha zobungcali bempi.

Ngexesha leshumi elinesixhenxe elinesixhenxe elinesixhenxe, i-Cossacks yaseUkraine yenziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, apho kwenziwa iinzame zokukhupha amaTurkey avela kwiNqaba yeAkkermanska.

Ukulwa nomzi

Imbali yenkqantosi yaseBelgorod-Dnestrovsky yangena kwijelo elitsha kuphela ngekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo. Ngeli xesha, iRashiya yaba yimbane yamandla ehlabathi jikelele. Kuthathe indawo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ekhoyo yobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe. Intsimi yaseRashiya ngasemzantsi yachaphazeleka yiziganeko ezenzeka ngexesha leemfazwe ezintathu neTurks.

UBelgorod-Dnestrovsky wabanjwa kuqala ngemikhosi ye-IA Igelstrem (u-brigadier jikelele) ngo-1770. URashiya yazama ukukhulula umzi ngo-1779 no-1806. Ukugqithisa kwinqaba kwakwenziwa yimikhosi yaseG. Potemkin, inxalenye ye-Black Sea Fleet F. F. Ushakov. I-citadel yanyiswa nguMnu Kutuzov. Nangona kunjalo, inqaba yaseBelgorod-Dnestrovsky yanikezela amathuba okukhusela isetyhula kwaye yayingenakulinganiswa. Ukukhuselwa kwindlu enqwelwe kuyo yenziwe njengendawo yokukhusela phantsi komhlaba kunye neendinyana ezifihlakeleyo, oku kude kube ngoku akukho mntu uphando.

Ngomnyaka we-1812, ukutyikitywa kweSibumelwano soKhuseleko lweBucharest kwenzeka. Ngokwale xwebhu, insimi yonke, esezantsi kweBessarabia, ibuyele eRashiya.

Inqaba yayo yalahlekelwa injongo yayo yempi ngowe-1832. Ngowe-1896 ithole indawo yesikhumbuzo sembali nesakhiwo.

Ubomi bezobupolitika kunye nenkcubeko ye-citadel

Inqaba yaseBelgorod-Dniester yayihlala kwindawo yephondo, ibe yinxalenye yeRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha akazange akwazi ukuma ecaleni kwenkcubeko kunye nezopolitiko kweli lizwe. Isixeko sase-Akkerman sivakatye ePushkin ngo-1821. Ngelo thuba imbongi yayikusekuthinjweni. Iindwendwe zika-Ackerman zazinguA. A. Mickiewicz, uMnu Gorky, uL. Ukrainka. Abanye abaninzi abaculi bavakashela esi sixeko.

U-Ackerman wayeyingxenye yeRomania yaseRomania (ukusuka ngo-1918 ukuya ku-1940). Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBili yayingabanjwa ngabantu abathandayo. Ngo-Agasti 9, 1944 isixeko saqanjwa ngokuthi iBelgorod-Dnestrovsky.

Isakhiwo esakhiweyo

Inqaba yaseBelgorod-Dnestrovsky, ukutyelela okuya kusenza sikwazi ukuyiqonda imbali yendawo yokwakha impi, yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nenani elikhulu lezakhiwo zakhiwo eziveliswa ngexesha eliphakathi kweyeshumi elinesithathu ukuya kwekhulu le-19. Kule ndawo, ezimbini iindonga zeendonga ezikhuselekileyo ziyimpawu.

Kumephu ye-citadel, umntu unokubona ukwahlula kwintsimi yonke ngoncedo lweendonga ezikhuselekileyo kwiintendelezo ezintathu. Kwinqaba kukhona amasango amabini, amanye amathathu atholakala phakathi kwamagceke.

Kwimimitha yesakhiwo sokuzivikela, kwiintsuku ezindala, kwakhiwa izindonga ezingamashumi amathathu nantlanu, ezihlanganiswe kunye namakhethini. Okwangoku, i-Belgorod-Dnestrovskaya citadel isiganeko esiyingqayizivele, esisiqhelisa ngayo ukwakheka kwezothutho kwi-Middle Ages. Izakhiwo zenkqantosi zikwahluke ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwakha izisombululo. Bakhelwe ngokugqibelela kula maxesha izixhobo zokwakha. Konke oku kuvumela ukuba i-citadel ithathwa njengomthombo obalulekileyo wolwazi malunga nexesha elidlulileyo.

Genoese Castle

Kukholelwa ukuba esi sakhiwo sakhiwe kwisayithi somthunzi wokukhusela ukhuni. Inqaba yaseGenese yaba yinto yokuqala eyakhiwe kwinqaba. Ngokwalolu daba lune-quadrangle. Kwiinkalo zenkqantosi kukho iindonga ezijikelezayo. Omnye wabo, umntla-ntshona-ntshona, wawela kude emva kwe-1888. Iindonga ze-citadel zinendawo ekhangayo. Zijoliswe kwiiphelo zehlabathi.

Iindonga zokuhlala ze-Genoese castle zininzi, zinezindlu eziphantsi. Uphahla lwalezi zakhiwo lufakwe, lufakwe iileyile.

Kwiindonga, kunye nakwiindonga ze-citadel, kukho iindawo ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo. Kuyo yonke i-perimeter ye-castle kumaxesha adlulileyo kwakukho iindidi zokulwa ezintathu, ezenziwe ngamatye. Ukugqitywa kweendonga kwakunjengamazinyo e-merlot.

Iindonga nganye zineendima yazo. Intolongo yayisezantsi-ntshona. I-ofisi yomlawuli yayisezantsi-mpuma, inkulu kunazo zonke. Kuyo ngo-1788 abantu baseTurkey banikela uMutuzov izihluthulelo zenkqantosi. Ukusuka kwindawo esezantsi kwinqaba yokumntla-mpuma kumaxesha adlulileyo, ukuphuma okuvela kwisakhiwo sokuzivikela kwacinywa. Inqaba yenyakatho-ntshona yabelwa indima yobuncwane.

Ukubuya kokubonakala kwangokoqobo

Ukususela ngo-1960, kwenziwa umsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo ukubuyisela inqaba yaseBelgorod-Dnestrovsky. Ngeli xesha, ibhande elikhuselayo lekhonkrete nelitye lakhiwe kwicala lasempuma. Wawukhusela iindonga kwizenzo ezibhubhisa zamanzi entlango. Ukongezelela, umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa uthinte isango eliphambili, i-minaret kunye neendonga ezimbini.

Belgorod-Dnestrovskaya inqaba, idilesi yayo. Ushakova, 1, naphezu kokulungiswa, ukulungiswa kwemicimbi kunye neziganeko zembali ezenzeka kwintsimi yalo, zilondoloze isakhiwo sawo sokuqala ngokubanzi. Esi sakhiwo sihanjiswe ngononophelo ngabathandi bexesha elidlulileyo, ukuba bazuze izakhono eziphakamileyo zabakhi bexesha elide kunye nabaqulunqi. Inqaba yaseBelgorod-Dnestrovsky ayinayo i-website yayo, kodwa kukho intetho eninzi kwimithombo ezinikezelwe kwingingqi. Okwangoku, isebe lemyuziyam yasekuhlaleni.

Izihlandlo

Ngaba uye watyelela inqaba yaseBelgorod-Dnistrovsky? Ndingafika njani? Unokusebenzisa ezintathu iintlobo zezithuthi: ngebhasi, isitimela okanye iteksi. Uloliwe oluvela e-Odessa luya kuBelgorod-Dnestrovsk ngeeyure ezimbini neyesigamu. Ishiya isitishi sesitimela kathathu ngosuku. Ukuba imali ivumelekile, sebenzisa iinkonzo zeteksi.

Unokufika kwindawo yembali ngebhasi (indlela yeNombolo 560).

EBelgorod-Dnestrovsky ungahlala kwaye uchithe ubusuku. Zininzi ihotele kunye neehotele kwisixeko. Kwixesha elifudumele lasehlotyeni eliselunxwemeni ungayifaka intente.

Ukuvakasha i-fortress ivulekile imihla ngemihla, ngaphandle kweentsuku zokuphuma. Kwiintsuku zasebusika unokutyelelwa ukusuka kwiiyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwi-17. Ngexesha lehlobo laseBelgorod-Dnestrovskaya inqaba yatshintsha iiyure zokusebenza. Kwixesha elifudumeleyo, livuleleke kwiindwendwe ezivela kwiiyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwii-20. Uhambo olulungeleleneyo lunokufikelela kwiiyure eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-18.