Intel HD Graphics ikhadi mifanekiso: iimpawu isixhobo

Intsapho Intel HD Graphics chips oludityanisiweyo i indawo elihle ukuba ekhethekileyo, oko kukuthi zifike amakhadi yemizobo imodyuli eyahlukileyo. Iyasebenza kukusetyenziswa chip yevidiyo efakelweyo ukuba kwiincwadana ezahlukeneyo kunye netbooks. Izinto eziluncedo ze izisombululo ezinjalo luyenyuka yokusebenza ibhetri kunye zokufudumeza ngaphantsi isithuba lwangaphakathi PC mobile.

Usapho GPUs

Intel HD Graphics loSapho iquka kwizizukulwana ezininzi.

1. Intel HD - ezifakwe iprosesa usapho Pentium G kwaye isizukulwana yokuqala iCore 3/5/7. Code-ogama Nehalem / Lynnfield. Ukuba nokwenzeka ikhadi levidiyo ezinjalo abambalwa kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba laptop ziya kusetyenziselwa ukusebenza kunye imizobo kunye multimedia zokuzonwabisa (babukela bhanyabhanya umgangatho HD, imidlalo), chip akukho sisombululo engcono.
2. Intel HD 2000/3000. Isizukulwana yesibini yevidiyo chip oluhlanganisiweyo iziqhubekisi Intel efakiweyo kwi iCore 3/5/7 sizukulwana yesibini. Code-ogama Sandy Bridge. Namhlanje, ukuba phantse akaze asetyenziswe imifuziselo ezintsha laptops, kodwa lichule lemarike.
3. Intel HD 2500/4000. Isizukulwana lesithathu videologiki ezihlangeneyo, ngalo mzuzu kuba ummeli inkoliso imarike mass zizixhobo eziphathwayo. Ezi amakhadi ziyingxenye besizukulwana sesithathu iziqhubekisi iCore. Le videologika ikhowudi-egama Ivy Bridge. Ukusebenza seliza amakhadi Radeon HD 65hh.
4. Kutshanje, isizukulwana Intel HD Graphics, codenamed Haswell. Yinxalenye iziqhubekisi iCore isizukulwana esitsha 4. Umfuziselo basic besi sizukulwana - 4600. Yena uye iinguqulelo ezimbini thumbanails - 4200 kunye 4400. Eyona nabanamandla amakhadi 5100 no 5200. Ngo yakutshanje yokusebenza nohlobo Intel HD ikhadi 5200 ngaphambi ezininzi amakhadi imizobo ekhethekileyo midrange.

Intel HD 3 and 4 izizukulwana kunandipha ngokupheleleyo iimovie umgangatho enesisombululo ukuya ku 4k. Kwakhona, efana ikhadi yemizobo ngokulula ukumelana imithwalo ivideo imidlalo yokuzonwabisa yokugqibela kwiminyaka 2-3. Ukususela isizukulwana lokuqala iziqhubekisi kunye videologiki oludityanisiweyo sele kancinane eziphelelwe lixesha, siya zishiya kwi Intel Imephu Isishwankathelo (R) Graphics HD. Yiya phambili.

Isizukulwana lesibini GPU

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Intel HD Graphics 3000 videologika asetyenziswa rhoqo. Lo isisombululo zilungele ukuba iiPC mobile kwinqanaba ngexabiso elisezantsi. Le isisombululo ivumela ukhululekile ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukujonga bhanya ekumgangatho ophezulu, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu axhamle umdlalo wevidiyo yakhululwa ngo-2011-2012. Nangona kunjalo, xa ucinga ukuba laptops mali kunye netbooks nathengwa hayi ngenjongo zokuzonwabisa yemultimedia, yonke into iwela ndawo. Isisombululo esiphezulu ixhaswa likhadi yemizobo, ngu 2560 x 1600 pixels. Ukongeza, le videologiki sizukulwana lixhasa uqhagamshelwano lwetshiphu emsebenzi-out. Ukuze ukwandisa ukusebenza kwalo interface, kungakuhle ukuba ufake bamuva umqhubi Intel HD Graphics.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, intsapho kumbindi-isizukulwana yesibini yemizobo imelwe imifuziselo emibini. Oku Intel HD Graphics 2000 no 3000. Nangona kukho inyaniso yokuba omabini eveliswe inkqubo efanayo ubugcisa, imveliso amakhadi zinokwahluka kabini. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba umfuziselo isiphelo ephantsi-has ongundoqo ngesantya clock esezantsi, ukongeza, lixhotyiswe zonke actuators amathandathu (12 ngokuchasene oludala kwimephu).

Ngenxa kule iyantlukwano kwenziwa ngokwaneleyo ngqo segmentation emarikeni. Ngoko ke, lo umsebenzisi unako ukufumana laptop kunye kumqhubekekisi mbini okanye quad-core kunye epheleleyo HD 3000 engundoqo imizobo okanye iigrafiki thumbanails HD 2000. Kakade ke, oku kubonakala leendleko zokuzivelisa.

isizukulwana sesithathu

Intel HD Graphics 4000 Videologika lwanikelwa ngo-2012. It ukhandwa inkqubo 22-NM. chip yokusebenza Incopho na GFLOPS 200. Ngelo xesha linye sangaphambili kwekhadi nemizobo evela Intel zomsebenzi kwinkqubo NM-32, kunye nokusebenza kwaba kanye amaxesha 2 ngaphantsi.

yemizobo Integrated ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise zonke iinkalo iDirectX 11 kunye OpenGL 3.3. Ngokutsho kubabhekisi phambili, kunye iimvavanyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuqhutywa, Intel HD 4000 ikhadi ikuvumela ukuba axhamle bonke ubumnandi movie ngokuchaza okuphezulu. Ukongeza, oku kwenza videologika ngokwaneleyo ukuze bazive bekhululekile xa ezininzi imidlalo mihla. Kakade ke, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba abanye babo ifuna isigqibo aphantsi ukunciphisa izicwangciso ezisemgangathweni.

Kwaye nomawukwenze xa umdlalo ayisebenzi kakuhle okanye kukho naziphi na izinto ezenziwe kulo mfanekiso? Ukuze kulungiswe le ngxaki, kwisayithi yomvelisi kufuneka zifumaneka ukulungiselela Intel HD Graphics 4000 umqhubi chip umxokozelo uze uyifake. Eli cebiso ingabonakala ilula, kodwa enyanisweni kuyanceda. Isibakala sokuba iinjineli zenkampani uzama ukuhlaziya qho imveliso yabo nokuphucula ukuhambelana umqhubi kunye izicelo yakutshanje.

Xa sithelekisa indlela yemizobo zesizukulwana yangaphambili, ukuba zinyuke nge-30%. Ukongezelela, uyakwazi ukufumana inzuzo amandla ngokusebenzisa umqhubekekisi i7 kumqhubekekisi ekhawulezayo RAM ngakumbi.

Isizukulwana videologiki sesine

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Intel HD Graphics ikhadi yemizobo ifakelwe phantse kuzo laptops isiqingatha. Oku kubangelwa kakhulu kusenza zokuthengisa yezorhwebo kunye nenqubo eyiyo kwimanyano. Nge videologika ngasinye isizukulwana esitsha kuya efezekileyo ngakumbi, evumela ukuba ukukhuphisana ngokulinganayo amakhadi obubobu kwinqanaba ixabiso avareji.

Ukukhutshwa isizukulwana entsha yeetshipsi ngokuphawulekayo ibonakala kwiintengiso amakhadi nemizobo kwezinye abenzi. Ngapha koko, loo nto yenza kungabikho ingqiqo ukuhlawula imali eyongezelelweyo into ukuze sisebenze "ngaphandle kwebhokisi." Nje kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ukusebenza kwimizobo yevidiyo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi bambalwa abantu abanomdla. Ngapha koko, wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba chips ezinjengezo Intel HD, imfuneko izicelo ofisi, ukhangela, iifoto kunye eshukumayo of unesisombululo esisezantsi. Noko ke, emva kokukhululwa besesithathu isizukulwana iCore iziqhubekisi kunye chip ividiyo Intel HD Graphics 4000 imeko baqalisa ukutshintsha ngesiquphe.

Uhlahlo ividiyo ikhadi sele okhuphisana ngokwenene abenzi chip lwedijithali. Ngawo la ke amazwi alambathayo, wena nje kufuneka ukuba bajonge Dynamics ekwindla kwiintengiso amakhadi ukusuka AMD nVIDIA. Ukongeza, AMD kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba lirhoxe umba 70hh yemizobo mali Radeon HD ngenxa yokuswela kwayo okhuphiswano.

incazelo

Intel HD Graphics 4600 yi Ukusombuluka GPU esidibeneyo. Ngenxa yokuba ngo-2010, Intel ulilahlile ngexesha scheme wezinto ukwahlulwa enekona kunye pixel imibhobho baza bafudukela shader bokwakha elimanyeneyo, wakwazi ukuba kwanokuphucula rhoqo videologiki yayo. Minyaka le nkampani kuphucula inkqubo yokuvelisa chip, nto leyo iba nefuthe entle inani leeyunithi sothimbo, ngenxa yoko, nemveliso.

I-Intel HD 4600 sele ifakiwe iiyunithi uphumezo 20, elikuvumela ukuba ukukhuphisana ngokulinganayo chips AMD nVIDIA. Thelekisa i HD imodeli yangaphambili 4000 yaba iiyunithi-16, yaye HD 3000 zizonke 12. Ngoko ke, enoba chips uthathe HD HD 4000 no 4600 kunye rhoqo elilingana kernel, amandla computing iza kuhlala ixesha elide nge-25%. Kwakhona inani leeyunithi lokubulawa, kwaye rhoqo yanyuswa videoyadra. Ngoku 1250 MHz, 1150 MHz nxamnye kulo kwisizukulwana edlulileyo. A isici esasenza iprosesa Haswell ke videologiki ukuncipha kwamandla kwindlela bengasebenzi.

Intel inkxaso yemizobo olutsha luvumela i OpenGL 4.0 no iDirectX 11.1 (Shader version eyesihlanu). Ezinye izinto ziquka chip anti-olululo lobungakanani, HDR kunye nenani ezinye ubugcisa unako ukuphucula umfanekiso ngenxa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba, njengokuba undoqo sangaphambili, HD 4600 unako ukusebenza ngaxeshanye liso ezintathu.

izibalo theoretical komsebenzi

Ukwazi malunga iimpawu kwimizobo ezihlangeneyo kwizizukulwana ezahlukeneyo angaya ukuthelekisa indlela eziqhuba ngayo. Kuba ngokucophelela okukhulu kuvavanyo liya kuthatha inxaxheba kwezemali ikhadi obubobu GeForce GT 630. Le umphakathi yokusebenza wokuwalayisha peak ngu:

• HD 4600 - 400 gigaflops;
• GT 630 - 311 gigaflops;
• HD 4000 - 294 gigaflops;
• HD 3000 - 194 gigaflops.

Njengoko ubona, nokuba kweli nqanaba, ikhadi obubobu ungaphantsi isizukulwana zakutshanje yemizobo edityanisiweyo. Kodwa ngoyaba i parameter yokusebenza ezifana yokugcwalisa izinga ndawo. Kuba esi salathisi, iigrafiki obubobu maxa wambi izisombululo ludityaniswe ngendlela engcono:

• GT 630 - 13 mtex / s;
• HD 4600 - 5 mtex / s;
• HD 4000 - 4.6 mtex / s;
• HD 3000 - 1.35 mtex / s.

Ngokutsho izinga GeForce rasterization nayo ibonisa iziphumo engcono:

• GT 630 - 3.2 nefilimu / umzuzwana;
• HD 4600 - 2.5 nefilimu / umzuzwana;
• HD 4000 - 2.3 nefilimu / umzuzwana;
• HD 3000 - 1.35 nefilimu / umzuzwana.

Okwangoku, senze ukuba kuchaphazela umthamo inkumbulo, ekubeni Intel HD Graphics ezingundoqo iimpawu zesi salathisi kuxhomekeke umthwalo kumqhubekekisi.

Iimvavanyo ngama ezihlangeneyo

Kaloku, siye ukusuka iziseko mfundo ukuya ukuhlolwa. Okokuqala, thelekisa intsebenzo kwizizukulwana ezithathu chips Intel. HD 3000 Graphics ikhangelwe ngokusekelwe iprosesa Core i7-2700K, HD 4000 - i7-3770K, HD 4600 - i7-4770K. Xa yemizobo frequency bomthwalo umphakathi baba 1350, 1150 no-1250 MHz, ngokulandelelana.

Ukuqinisekiswa lwenziwa ubuncinane izicwangciso yemizobo umdlalo wevidiyo kunye nokusombulula 1920 x 1080. Ngelo filter xesha ezifana ulungiso-olululo kunye anisotropic nokuyicoca abakhubazekileyo. 3DMark zeemvavanyo yokusebenza isicelo elibinzayo kwizicwangciso eqhelekileyo. Ekubeni HD 3000 akaxhasi iDirectX 11, kunye nezinye GPUs bavavanywa ngaphandle kokucima ngawo.

Cloud Gate Uvavanyo of package 3DMark wabonisa iziphumo zovavanyo zilandelayo:

• HD 3000 - 3221 amanqaku;
• HD 4000 - 5795 amanqaku;
• HD 4600 - 8253 amanqaku.

Unigine Izulu test kukhombisa ukusebenza ebonakalayo besizukulwana entsha zeetships:

• HD 3000 - amanqaku 213;
• HD 4000 - amanqaku 327;
• HD 4600 - amanqaku 446.

Imidlalo Performance

Oku kuquka uvavanyo zethu ezithambileyo uqhubeke nokusebenza iitshati uthelekiso kwizicelo okudlala. E Crysis 2 HD 4600 card ngokukhawuleza kuneyokuqala, phantse isiqingatha (11.5 amanqaku vs 7.7). HD 3000 bafumana bebonke amanqaku 5.

F1 2011 ayikho olubuthathaka kakhulu ekwenzeni GPUs. Ngenxa kule HD 4600 HD 4000 ngaphambi ngepesenti 28 kuphela. Eyona nto iphawulekayo kukuba lo mdlalo sidima nkqu phezu yemizobo HD 3000, nekufuneka ukukholisa abanini laptops abadala.

Izicelo kunye nemizobo kwizinga eliphezulu ezifana Metro 2033 no Ingcwaba Raider, ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo ukuba badlale eliphakathi okanye ephantsi izicwangciso kuyo iDirectX 10 imo kwimephu HD 4600. Ngelishwa, iitshiphusi abadala musa ukuvumela bavakalelwa okuqhelekileyo umdlalo, njengoko inani fps SAGs ephawulekayo, kunye nomfanekiso uba ofana show kwisilayidi.

Ngenxa yoko, zonke iimvavanyo kunokuthiwa ukuba kwisigaba esilandelayo kuphuhliso yemizobo emanyanisiweyo esekelwe phezu iziqhubekisi Haswell linyathelo wokwenene phambili. Uncoma into yokuba imidlalo 2013-2014 kwiminyaka ongumzekelo ukufezekisa iziphumo ezamkelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, nkqu laptop ibhajethi uya kunandipha ngokupheleleyo nomgangatho zokuzonwabisa yemultimedia.

Ukuthelekiswa lwekhadi ezihlangeneyo ekhethekileyo

Ngoku, ukusuka yokupasa uvavanyo chip zihlangeneyo uthelekiso Intel HD 4600 kunye GeForce GT 630. Njengoko kubonakala manani angentla, umxube evela Intel unalo igama elihle kwindlela yokusebenza incopho. Ngeli lixa kwangaxesha linye chip na enasilela kwinkumbulo bandwidth kwaye Isantya rasterization.

Okokuqala, khangela amakhadi zethu phezu iimvavanyo zokwenziwa 3DMark kunye Unigine ezulwini. Okukuthelekisa izilungiselelo yemizobo ubuninzi kusombululo HD ezipheleleyo usebenzisa iDirectX 11. Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo zovavanyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. 3DMark:

• HD 4600 - 980 b;.
• GT 630 - 919 b.

2. 3DMark 11:

• HD 4600 - 361 b;.
• GT 630 - 360 b.

3. Izulu 3.0:

• HD 4600 - 344 b;.
• GT 630 - 320 b.

Njengoko sibona, HD 4600 chip kwi elilinganayo adala ikhadi obubobu, nto leyo eye Kuyinzuzo an iibhloko rasterization imali, isantya processing kunye nemvakalo pixels. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, imidlalo, izinto nkqu kancinane, kodwa kubi kunjalo. Xa imidlalo ezifana Battlefield-3, Crysis-2, F1-2011 lag HD 4600 yi ethile 5-20%. Umdlalo Metro-2033 graphics ezihlangeneyo kwasilela emva GeForce GT 630 ngaphezu kwesiqingatha. Kodwa imidlalo efana ukungcola zinqoze kunye Ingcwaba Raider, Ikhadi Intel lalithabatha isiphumo nge-12 ne-22% nokuphuculwa ngokulandelelana.

iziphumo

I-integrated engundoqo yemizobo entsha esuka Intel linyathelo ephawulekayo phambili uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe ezinjalo. GPUs Modern lula baphula zizo zonke izibonisi zokusebenza isizukulwana wayo wangaphambili - umsantsa avareji phakathi HD 4000 yi-40%. Yaye kuthekani imizobo ekhethekileyo? Apha singatsho kakuhle ukuba xa laptop ayisetyenziselwanga kuphela ezemidlalo, libe lichanekile kakhulu ngakumbi ukushiya amakhadi yemizobo zokuthenga zesiqhelo, njengoko ezingundoqo eqhagamshelweyo ikuvumela ukuba indawo ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona musa ukulibala yindlela obusela yamandla. Uqobo Core i7 iprosesa ne imizobo ehlanganisiweyo udla watts 84 kuphela, ngoxa ikhadi obubobu GT 630 ngokusekelwe umqhubekekisi mbini-core elula ekuqaleni uya kudla watts 130. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuya kukhokelela ibhetri umbane ophantsi kunye nobushushu kweekhomponenti lwangaphakathi.

Yiloo nto ukuthenga laptop entsha, silibale ngayo amakhadi cheap imizobo ekhethekileyo, nokuba banendawo isizukulwana wokugqibela. Enyanisweni, abanako ukunika iinzuzo kwemveliso ukuba akwazi ukuzithethelela ukuthenga enjalo. Ngakumbi kuba Intel HD Graphics 4600 ngokulula ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno lomsebenzisi mihla.

Eli nqaku kusetyenziselwa uvavanyo phezulu i7 iprosesa Core, kodwa ke ngoku kuyenzeka ukuba uthenge ifikeleleke ngakumbi yemifanekiso zomsebenzisi i5 avareji kunye i3. Njengoko kunjalo kunye isizukulwana yangaphambili, ikhadi elitsha unalo umfuziselo azabi-phantsi - Intel HD Graphics 4400. Nangona inani elincinci leeyunithi sokubulala, kuba eziseza isizukulwana yayo scorecards wesithathu. Kaloku, abalandeli ultrabooks kunye kwiincwadana imali eninzi kakhulu nethamsanqa ngakumbi, kuba kuthotho Haswell iziqhubekisi baxhotyiswa onamandla ngaphezu engundoqo yemizobo HD 5100/5200, nto leyo eye iiyunithi uphumezo-40, nto leyo amaxesha ezimbini ngaphezu HD 4600.

enye ukusebenza

Njengoko sele sele khankanywe ngentla, amakhadi adibeneyo asebenzisa i-RAM ngenyathelo elilinganayo kunye neprojector. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufaka i-crystal enamandla kakhulu yesizukulwana sokugqibela kwi-laptop, kodwa kuphela iigigabytes ezimbalwa zeememori ezicothayo, iziphumo zendlela yokucwangcisa zinokuba nzima kakhulu. Imemori yintambo yebhokisi yeengcamango zevidiyo, ngoko ke, ukuphumeza iziphumo ezilungileyo, kucetyiswa ukuba isebenzise imodeli yakutshanje kunye namazinga aphezulu kunye neendlela eziphantsi.

Enye into echaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kweemifanekiso zevidiyo kuphela, kodwa ikhomputha ngokupheleleyo, iyatshisa. Ukuba idide ethile idlulile, i-chip chip kunye neprojector zibonisa iziphumo eziphantsi kwimvavanyo eyahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo zangempela. Ngako oko, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlambulule rhoqo ama-coolers kunye neendawo zangaphakathi ze-PC eziphathekayo ngothuli. Isiphumo asiyi kuthatha ixesha elide.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba umgangatho wemifanekiso uza kuxhomekeka kwiprojekithi ekhethiweyo. Umba wukuthi xa umthwalo ophezulu ukwanda, i-chip yevidiyo ifumana into ephambili ekuhanjisweni kwamapakethi, ngoko ke, oku kuchaphazela umgangatho womfanekiso. Ngoko ke, iziphumo zeemvavanyo xa kuthelekiswa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nabaphambili beprojekthi kunye neengcamango ezifanayo zevidiyo aziyi kuhambelana neyokuqala. Ngaloo ndlela, ukhetho lwe "intliziyo" ye-laptop lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubuchule be-chip chip.

Yaye ingcebiso yokugqibela namhlanje. Umqhubi we-Intel HD Graphics, kufuneka ufake ifayile entsha. Nangona uthenge i-laptop equlunqwe ngokuzeleyo yomsebenzi, musa uvila ukuya kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomenzi kunye nokukhuphela inguqu yakutshanje.