Intshona Melika - iingxaki zokusingqongileyo. iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kwelizwekazi North American

ingxaki Environmental - ukuvuthuluka kobume bendawo ngekwendalo yayo, ezinxulumene kunye nefuthe elibi ubunjani bendalo, yaye namhlanje ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye nemeko yomntu. Zokuncipha ozone ezikroziswayo, ungcoliseko okanye intshabalalo - konke oku, ngendlela enye okanye omnye, kubandakanya iziphumo ezingalunganga ngoku nakwixa elizayo.

North America, iingxaki zokusingqongileyo leyo kakhulu ebalulekileyo, yaye umbandela ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo yondele kakhulu, yenye yengingqi phambili ehlabathini. Ngenxa ukuchuma US kunye Canada kufuneka kubingelela ubuntu bakhe. Ngoko ke yintoni kule mingeni yokhuseleko yokusingqongileyo ejongene abahlali yelizwekazi North American, nendlela ezisongela elizayo?

phambili zobugcisa

Okokuqala kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, sibe sibi iimeko zokuphila kwabantu ezidolophini, ingakumbi kumaziko mveliso. Isizathu soku ukusetyenziswa esebenzayo kwemithombo yendalo - umhlaba, amanzi aphezu komhlaba, ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nokusingqongileyo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, le amakhonkco ibalulekileyo kokusingqongileyo - umhlaba, kwehayidrosfere kunye nomoya - izinto ezihambelanayo, kunye negalelo zabantu ngamnye kubo kubonakala phezu kwelinye, ngoko iinkqubo etshabalalisayo zibe jikelele.

Ngoxa ekuphuhliseni North America, iingxaki yelizwekazi yokusingqongileyo iya yondele kakhulu. Ngokulinganayo kunye nkqubela Unxunguphalo ukubana landscape zendalo kunye indawo yayo kuqhubana ngayo imeko bethutyana, kunokuba yingozi kwaye ezingafanelekanga ubomi babantu. Kuba Kwisiqingatha sesibini ubunzima ngenkulungwane XX inkunkuma kwi kwilizwekazi North waseMelika 5-6 yeebhiliyoni. Tonnes ngonyaka ngamnye, apho ubuncinane-20% yaba izidubuli.

zuka

ingxaki exhaust namhlanje ngqo lonke ihlabathi, kodwa kunxweme olusentshona le United States e California meko ingakumbi esinzima. Kwezi ndawo ecaleni nemisinga udlula flow ebandayo, apho amanzi onxweme le lushwankathela umphunga, leyo ingqalelo imiqulu ezinkulu neegesi exhaust beemoto. Ukongeza, ngexesha kwisiqingatha ehlotyeni lonyaka imozulu ezixabisa anticyclonic ekulungeleyo ukukhuthaza yokufika radiation elanga, nto leyo kusemnandi ukwenziswa utshintshwano imichiza entsonkothileyo. Isiphumo soku kukuba ethe ngci, apho ubunzima oludibeneyo izinto eziyityhefu.

Iingcali ukufunda iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kwilizwekazi North American, ebizwa ukukhutshwa zeemoto ngokugqithiseleyo mngeni mkhulu eluntwini, ngokuba bengengabo ngokungalunganga kuphela kuchaphazela uhlobo, kodwa unobangela nezifo ezininzi zabantu.

Ukuncipha kwemithombo yamanzi

Kodwa kukho eminye imiba yokusingqongileyo e North America? Kwi nemisinga, namhlanje imeko embi kakhulu kunye namanzi - xa ediniwe nje. Kwilizwekazi non-ukwanda ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, yaye namhlanje sele idlula avumelekile. Nkqu ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, waseMelika specialist A. Uolmenom yapapashwa iziphumo zophando, njengako leyo ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabantu US zisebenzisa amanzi, asetyenziswa ubuncinane kanye wacanda amdaka.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuye kube nzima ukwenza iimeko ezimbini ezibalulekileyo kakhulu: Ukongeza ukubuyiselwa umgangatho wamanzi kuyimfuneko ukuba ngamaxesha onke ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthamo yayo yendalo emilanjeni kunye namanye amaqumrhu yamanzi. Ngo-2015, i-ichibi likhulu lizwe lihle ngamandla amanzi, yaye izazinzulu zilumkisa ukuba oku kuba sisiqalo imbalela ethabatha ixesha elide.

ungcoliseko lwamanzi

Oku akuphelelanga luya enye kuphela yokusingqongileyo imiba imilambo nakuMntla Melika. Uluhlu izinto ezimbi kule ndawo elide ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ubukhulu becala ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Ukuba alahle amanxuwa apho nantoni na ayifumaneki, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu kunye nokuthunyelwa.

Kwakhona namhlanje, omninzi umonakalo ibangele ungcoliseko thermal. Phantse isinye kwisithathu amanzi sirhoxisiwe kwi imilambo ngonyaka,-akhawunti izityalo amandla enyukliya kwaye thermal, apho itshiswa kunye ubuyela ichibi. lobushushu lamanzi ephakamileyo nge-10-12%, kwaye umxholo oxygen usezantsi kakhulu, nto leyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwaye kaninzi unobangela wokufa eziphilayo ezininzi.

Sele kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XX eUnited States kunyaka ngamnye ukusuka ungcoliseko lwamanzi batshabalala 10-17 mln. Iintlobo yeyeentlanzi, Mississippi nguye lo mlambo mkhulu e-North America, namhlanje omnye ezilishumi angcoliswe kakhulu ehlabathini.

Le lonke uhlobo

landscape Unique kwaye esisityebi kunene enezityalo nezilwanyana ise phantse zonke ezinezinga ikhweyitha North America. iingxaki Environmental ziye zafikelela kunye nohlobo ye kwilizwekazi. On nommandla wayo kukho ezininzi iipaki zesizwe, ebe phantse kuzo kwimimandla namhlanje kuphela, apho izigidi ezininzi zabantu kwizixeko sinda ingxolo kunye elimdaka imizi. Yokufika iindwendwe kunye nabakhenkethi, ukhula ngesantya eningenakukholwa yiyo, echaphazela kwabo eziphilayo nendawo, ngenxa apho namhlanje ezinye iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezizodwa sele kusecicini yokutshabalala.

Kuyadanisa ukuba nje umntu ngumthombo wongcoliseko - Sendizihlambile kude nge emvula kunye evuthelwe ngumoya, waza ke waya emlanjeni izinto ezahlukeneyo eziyityhefu eziqulathwe kwilitye inkunkuma. Ezi unqwabelana amaninzi olule ecaleni kwebhedi umlambo phezu imigama emide, rhoqo eyonakalisayo echibini.

Nokuba kumantla eKhanada, apho izibonelelo zendalo ziyaphuhliswa kungekhona kakhulu namhlanje, uya kuqaphela inguqu ebonakalayo indalo. iingxaki Environmental hlathi e North America ukufunda abasebenzi Wood Buffalo, omnye iipaki zesizwe likhulu ehlabathini.

ukuxhatshazwa

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ilizwekazi ubukhulu becala enxulumene kwinqanaba eliphezulu zezeteknoloji yophuhliso ye-USA ne Canada. imithombo yendalo Intshona Melika ezininzi ezininzi; izibilini kwelizwekazi zizityebi ioli, igesi yendalo, iiminerali ebalulekileyo. oovimba Huge iinkuni emantla elungele ukuya balima umhlaba ezantsi iminyaka emininzi yasetyenziswa ngokunzima kakhulu, nto leyo yaba sisiphumo iingxaki ezininzi zokusingqongileyo.

irhasi ye-shale

Kutshanje, kwakukho bebabaza enkulu malunga kumatye enkumnkum - uvelisa kakhulu ngakumbi North America. iingxaki zokusingqongileyo enokuthi yenzeke xa usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ezithile, inkxalabo kubonakala encinane kakhulu kwiinkampani abanenxaxheba ukuhlola kunye nokuveliswa hydrocarbon ezivela-shale. Ngelishwa, ezopolitiko badlala indima ekukhuthazeni olu hlobo imveliso yezamandla, kunye neziphumo ukuba okusingqongileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwaphela kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Ngoko ke, urhulumente US umgaqo-nkqubo ukuzimela izinto amandla kwamanye amazwe, kwaye ukuba izolo eli lizwe ethenga irhasi kwi elingummelwane Canada, namhlanje iye ibekwe ngokwalo njengoko Ntetho ukuthunyelwa hydrocarbon. Kwaye konke oku kwenziwa ngendleko kokusingqongileyo.

Iziphetho elizayo

Kweli nqaku lifutshane I ngokufutshane ukuba kuxoxwe imiba yokusingqongileyo e North America. Zonke iinkcukacha ziye, Kakade ke, zange ngqalelo thina, kodwa ngokwesiseko ngemathiriyeli, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba ekufuneni ingeniso kwaye ukusukela izinto eziphathekayo abantu azimiseleyo isicelo nokuqhubeka umonakalo omkhulu-bume, lo gama ukucinga abafane malunga imiphumo yezenzo zabo.

Ukuzama ukuba kufikelelwe isiphumo ubuninzi ekuxhatshazweni kwemithombo yendalo, sahlawula ingqalelo kangako amanyathelo zothintelo, kwaye ngoku sinento esinayo. Umzekelo imifanekiso yale - kwilizwekazi North American, mhlawumbi yeyona ndawo kakhulu ephuhliswe kakhulu ehlabathini, iingxaki zokusingqongileyo nezikwa kakhulu kakhulu.