Inzalo: iindlela, iindlela. Ukutyalwa kwentsholongwane njengendlela yokuchithwa kwe-disinfection

Ukulungiselela izixhobo zonyango kusetyenziswe iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Inzalo yinto enye. Le nkqubo inokusetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokukwazi ukubonelela ngempumelelo. Kodwa ukuba uqale ngalo kuyimfuneko ukuqonda injongo kunye nemisebenzi yale nkqubo.

Iindlela zokuzalisa inzalo

Ukuphunyezwa kwe- disinfection kunye ne-sterization yezixhobo zonyango kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukutshabalalisa okanye ukunciphisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-microorganisms. Ezi nkqubo zibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ukuba zinyanzelwanga, kukho ingozi yezifo ezithathelwanayo, i-purulent-septic equka. Yaye iqela elijongene nobungozi lubandakanya izigulane kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango.

Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuncitshiswa kwezixhobo zonyango. Ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho wokungakhutshwa kwe-disinfection, unokuhlolisiswa ngokutshintshela inkcazo ye-Staphylococcus aureus, kwakunye neebhaktheriya zeqela lamathumbu emathunjini kunye ne- Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Leyo nkqubo yokungahlanjululwa kwezixhobo ngokubanzi ichaza ukungcola, kulandelwa ukucoca nokunyanzelisa. Imigaqo yale nkqubo ivunyiwe nguNgqongqoshe wezeMpilo weRussia Federation. Ngaphambi kokuba sicinge ngeendlela zokutyunjwa kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwiyeza zanamhlanje, kuyafaneleka ukuba ufunde ngokubanzi ngokungafihlisi.

Yintoni ukungafihli

Eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukuchonga inkqubo evumela ukutshabalalisa i-microorganisms ezinobuncwane kunye ne-pathogenic kuyo nayiphi na indawo ephezulu egumbini, kubandakanywa phantsi, izindonga, ukutshintsha, iimveliso zonyango, izinto, njl.

Ezi ndlela zimele zisetyenziswe kunaliphi na iziko elinesiprofayili sokwelapha kunye neprophylactic. Umsebenzi oyintloko wokungakhutshwa kwe-disinfection ukucinywa, kunye nokuthintela inkqubo yokuqokelela, ukuvelisa, nokusabalala kwezifo.

Ukukhutshwa kwe-disinfection kungaba nefom ebalulekileyo kunye neyokuthintela. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziswa kule nkqubo. Inzalo kule nkalo igxininise ekukhuseleni abantu kwimeko yokusuleleka. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukucoca kwimihla ngemihla kunye nokuhlambulula ngokubanzi, eyenziwa nganye iveki. Kodwa i-disinfection igxininiswa yenziwa kuphela kwimeko apho kukho ukukrokra kokuvela nokusabalala kwintsholongwane kwiziko lempilo.

Yintoni esetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa komzimba ngokufanelekileyo

Ukuthetha ngesichengiselwano esithile esisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-microorganisms, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukhetho lwakhe lwenziwa ngokubhekiselele kwisifo esithintekayo.

Uluhlobo lwesicatshulwa sonyango luchaphazela umlinganiselo wokungakhutshwa komzimba. Ngalolu hlobo, le nkqubo inokuba nezinga eliphezulu, eliphakathi kunye nelisezantsi.

Izixhobo ngokwazo kunye nemveliso yonyango ingahlula kwiindidi eziliqela:

1. Iingxaki. Isetshenziselwa ukungena kwiinqanawa, izicubu ezinobunzima zomzimba, ngenxa yokuba zidibene nazo ezinezisombululo okanye igazi.

2. Uhlobo olufanayo. Kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwabo, qha ga mshelana nolusu olonakalisiweyo okanye iimbumba zamanqatha.

3. abangabhalwanga. Ziyadingeka ukuze uqhagamshelane nekhanda elungileyo.

Izindlela zokutyunjwa kwezixhobo zonyango

Le nkqubo inokuchazwa njengenxalenye yamanyathelo okukhubaza. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kuqhutywe ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezincinci:

1. Indlela yokuqhuba umbane. Ukuze ufumane umphumo oyifunayo, umphunga wamanzi usetyenziswa phantsi kwengcinezelo. Phunyezwa le ndlela yokuzalisa inzalo ingenziwa ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezizodwa - i-autoclave.

2. Indlela yamachiza yokuzalisa inzalo. Kule meko iisombululo ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali zisetyenziswa. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-disinfectants ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide okanye i-alaminol ingasetyenziswa.

3. Ukucoca ngomoya. Isebenzisa umoya oomileyo omile, oveliswa ngoncedo lwe-oven.

4. Ezobugcisa. Isitshixo sawo sibheka ekusebenziseni izixhobo ngokubilisa ngamanzi adibeneyo, apho i-sodium ingafakwa khona.

5. Biological. Isekelwe ekusebenziseni ukuchasana kwamachiza ezincinci ezahlukeneyo. Ngendlela eyenziwa yi-bacteriophages, ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-pseudomonas aeruginosa, ibhakteria ye-typhoid, staphylococcus, njl njl.

6. Umlilo. Izixhobo zibonakaliswe kwiimitha ze-gamma.

7. Ukusetyenziswa kweplasma.

Eyona ndawo yayisasazekayo yayiyi-sterlization ye-steam. Izibonelelo zalo eziphambili ziyancitshiswa ukuze zisebenzise ukusetyenziswa, iindleko ezincinci kunye neendlela eziphathekayo (naziphi na izixhobo ezinokucutshungulwa).

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zonke iindlela kunye neerimimenti zentambo Fumana isicelo sabo kumaziko enyango kunye neprophylaxis, kunye neendlela zokwenza utywala kuphela azikhawulelwanga. Ngako oko, ingundoqo yazo kufuneka inikwe ingqalelo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwesitya

Ukuqwalasela indlela yokwenza umthamo we-steam, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba kuseyona ndlela efikelelekayo kwaye inokwethenjelwa yokucwangcisa iimveliso zonyango ezinganyangekiyo kwiindawo zezempilo.

Izixhobo zifakwe kwiiphakheji ezikhethekileyo okanye iibhokisi, ezinokuthi zifakwe kwisihlungi okanye ngaphandle kwayo. Njenge-arhente enokutshabalalisa, i-steam egcweleyo isetyenzisiweyo, ephantsi koxinzelelo olunzulu. Ngokuphathelele ezo zixhobo ezenziwe ngobhedu okanye isinyithi esingenasici, ngokuqinisekileyo azibonakalwanga kwi-autoclaving. Utshintsho, ukuba luya kwenzeka, luncinci.

Indlela yokutyunjwa kwamanzi isetyenziselwa ngokutsha ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezizodwa kunye nezixhobo eziphambili zokuhlinzwa, iinxalenye zezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezenziwe ngeesinyithi ezinqabile ukubola, ii-syringes (umaka 200 ° C), iiglasi, i-latex kunye nemveliso yeerubha, iintlobo ezithile ze-plastiki, i-suture kunye nokugqoka , Kunye nezambatho zangaphantsi.

Ukongezelela, indlela yokuqhuma isitya ingasetyenziselwa ukutyunjwa kwezinto zogqityi lwe- suture. Sithetha ngophilisi osikiweyo we- silk kunye ne- kapron ngentambo, iintambo ze-polyester, njl njl

Indlela yomoya

Ukusetyenziswa komoya oshushu ochaziweyo kungachazwa njengendlela endala kunazo zonke. Ngaphezu koko, kule minyaka yokuqala edlulileyo kuye kwaba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulwa nomngcipheko wosulelo. Kodwa okwangoku, iyeza zanamhlanje zisebenzisa indlela yomoya yokuzalisa inzalo Ngaphantsi kancinci, ukukhetha ukhetho lwesitya.

Ukuze kube nefuthe elifanelekileyo kwizixhobo, i-air-sterizers are involved in this process, iqondo lokushisa elifikelela ku-160-180 ° C. Kule meko, ukushisa omile akukaze kusetyenziswe ukutyundela izisombululo ezinobungozi. Oku kunokuchazwa ngento yokuba ngenxa yokuqhuba kwe-thermal low air, ubushushu bezisombululo azifinyeleli kwizinga elifunekayo. Kodwa i-talcum powder, ip powders-resistant-heat-resistant, izixhobo ezincedisayo kunye nezigulane zeglasi zingaphunyezwa ngempumelelo.

Umgangatho wenkqubo yokuzalisa ininzi kuxhomekeke kwindlela efanayo ngayo umoya oshushu ogumbini. Kule meko, ezilungileyo zibhekwa njengabo bantu, abavumelekile ukuba bafumane ukuhamba kwe-laminar yomoya, ephilisa ukushisa okufunayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemistri

Indlela yamakhemikhali yokwenza inzalo ayinakubizwa ngokuba yindlela eyona nto, kodwa yenza inkqubo encedisayo ngokwaneleyo. Le nkqubo isetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa ezo zixhobo ezingenako ukujongana nokushisa okuphezulu.

Inkqubo ngokwayo iqhutyelwa ngamagumbi aqingqiweyo agcwele i-ethylene oxide. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iiyure ezili-15 ukuya kwezi-16 ukuzalisa inzalo. Ngelo xesha, iqondo lokushisa ligcinwe kwi-18 ° C.

Kwakhona, ukufezekisa ukukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo, izixazululo ezizodwa eziqinileyo (formalin, i-povidone-iodine, pervur, njl.) Zingasetyenziswa.

Inkqubo yePlasma

Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ithatha indawo yokunyango lweekhemikhali kwiziko lempilo. Umgca ongundoqo kukuba emva kokucubungulwa kunye nezixazululo okanye i-ethylene oxide, izixhobo azikwazi ukusetyenziswa ixesha elithile - ngenxa yeziphumo ezinobungozi ngexesha lwenkqubo yokuzalisa inzalo. Xa usebenzisa i-plasma, ezinjalo iingxaki zipheliswa.

Ingundoqo yendlela ilula kakhulu: ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo, i-hydrogen peroxide umphunga kunye ne-plasma yayo inikwe, iqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwe-36 ° C. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yempembelelo yintsimi ye-electromagnetic, ama-radicals akhululekayo akhiwa, awanciphisa iintsholongwane. Ukufezekiswa kweziphumo ezifunwayo, kuya kuthatha imizuzu engama-30-40 yempembelelo kwizinto zonyango kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.

Ungasebenzisa ezinye iindlela. Ukuzaliswa kwe-Ozone, umzekelo, kubonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo xa ukucubungula iimveliso ezingangeni kwisigaba semikhiqizo engabandezeli.

Indlela yokwenza imitha

Kule meko, ukuqhutyelwa kwezixhobo kuqhutyelwa ngoncedo lwemibala ye-gamma. Indlela enjalo yokungahlanjululwa isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ezo zixhobo ezijongene nempembelelo yamakhemikhali kunye nokushisa okuphezulu. Ngolu hlobo lokungafihlisi, ii-microorganisms zitshabalaliswa ngokukhutshwa kwamandla e-ionizing.

Kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba le ndlela isandul 'ukuba isaziwa ngaphantsi kunezinye iindlela. Ukutyunjwa kwalolu hlobo Iyakhangisa ingqalelo kwiintlobo ezininzi ezibonakalayo:

- izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zingasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza emva kokugqitywa kwenkqubo yokukhubazeka;

Unyango olusebenzayo lunokwenzeka nakwiiphakethi ezitywinwe, ezinokugcinwa ixesha elide;

- azikho izinto ezinobuthi ezishiywe kwizixhobo.

Ulawulo lomgangatho

Kukho naziphi na iziko lempilo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula inzalo zisetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwe-disinfection. Kungenxa yezenzo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukulungiselela izixhobo. Iyakususa iincinci ezincinci ezinokuhlala emva komsebenzi.

2. Amanzi akhethwe kuphela kumgangatho ophezulu kwaye uyathandeka. Oku kugwema ukulimaza i-autoclave kunye ngqo nomxholo ngokwawo, owenziwe inzalo. Eyona ndlela ikhethileyo ichithwe okanye idityaniswe ngamanzi.

Ukubeka esweni rhoqo uxinzelelo, ubushushu kunye nobude benkqubo yonke eyenziwa.

4. Ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokulayisha isixa sempahla engenakunqunyulwa.

Kucacile ukuba iindlela zokubangela inzalo kungekudala nje kuphela indlela yokukhubazeka kwiyeza zanamhlanje. Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetheknoloji, indlela yokulungiselela isixhobo kwizibhedlele zaseRashiya inokuchazwa njengokuba iguquguquke kwaye iphumelele.