Imisipha yomva. Isatomy of the musculature ngemuva.

I-Biomechanics yomzimba womntu inokubonga kuphela kwisakhiwo esichaseneyo se-anatomiki, zombini umzimba wonke, kunye neenkqubo ezithile ngokukodwa. Izixhobo ze-muscular zidlala indima ehamba phambili kwinkqubo yokunyuswa. Umzekelo, unokuzibuyisela izihlunu zakho. I-anatomy ye-spinal musculature yinkimbinkimbi kwaye idinga ukufundisisa ngokubanzi ngabagqirha abaqeshwe ngokubanzi, i-neurosurgeons, i-traumatologists kunye ne-urologists. Ezi ngcali zidla ngokujamelana nombuzo onjalo.

Ngoko, ziziphi iimpawu zesisipha zangasemva? I-anatomy ye-musculature ye-trunk ibonakaliswa yimissifi emikhulu. Iimfayili ze-muscle kumqolo zinomlinganiselo omkhulu, xa kuthelekiswa nentloko okanye intamo, ngenxa yokuba Ukuziva umthwalo onamandla kwintsebenzo kwaye uhlala kwindawo enkulu emzimbeni womntu. Imisipha yamathambo, ubunzima babo obubunzima kakhulu ngenxa yenani elikhulu leepressus ze-nerve kunye nezicathulo ezibalulekileyo ezikhoyo kule ndawo, ngokugqithiseleyo zidlulele kwi-musculature yomqolo nesifuba. Imisipha yomqolo ihlukaniswe yaba ngamaqela amabini aphezulu, ahluke omnye komnye ngeso lathiso lweemfayili ze-muscle - ngokungenangqiqo nangaphezulu.

Kukholelwa ukuba izidumbu zangaphambili zangaphambili, i-anatomy yazo ehambelana neprogramlene ehambelana nesakhiwo semisipha yeengalo, ziyimisipha ehambile kwinkqubo yophuhliso esuka kwibhande elingaphezulu. Imisipha yomninzi, njengokuba ikholelwa ngokuqhelekileyo, ivela kwi-fold circular muscular folds, okanye i-myotomes, kule ndawo. Baye bagcinwa kwifom ekhethekileyo isakhiwo esithile. Umgaqo wokusasazwa kweengcambu ezinzulu kukubunjwa kwezi zakhiwo zamatye amaninzi. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukujula kwe-muscle, kukufutshane.

Ukuxhamla umsi womnxeba ungaphantsi kwezi zilandelayo:

I- trapezius muscle , okanye i-musculus trapezius, eqala kwi-bone skeleton yeenkqubo ze-spinous zodidi olupheleleyo lwe-vertibrae ye-thoracic. Umsebenzi wayo kukunyuka kwamagxa ehlombe kunye nokongezwa kwentloko.

- i- muscle ephezulu kakhulu ehlala kuyo yonke indawo yayo. UMn. Latissimus dorsi, njengomthetho, uqala ukusuka kwi-vertebrae ephantsi ye-thoracic, kunye nazo zonke iinkqubo ze-vertical spinous ze-lumbar kunye ne-Sacral, ezine zombini zeembambo eziphantsi kunye nezibini zomzimba we-ankac. Umsebenzi: ukwehliswa kwesandla esiphakanyisiweyo kunye nokujikeleza kwegxala ngaphakathi.

- muscle rhomboid . Ilala ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwe-trapezoidal. Umsebenzi m. I-Rhomboideus idibaniswa nokufuduka kwe-scapula.

- Imisipha ephakamisa i-scapula . Esi sihlunu siphumela kwiinkqubo ze- vertebrae esele zisekholini, eziphelile kwi-scapula, ekhoneni eliphezulu. UMnu levator scapulae, ephendula egameni layo, wenza uphakamiso lwe-scapula.

- Imisipha ebuyela emva nangaphezulu . Ezi zihlunu ziphikisana. Ukuba okokuqala (intsingiselo ye-Serratus yangasentla phezulu) iphakamisa iimbambo, i-latter (m. Serratus yangaphantsi), ngokuchaseneyo, iyawashiya.

Ukuthetha ngezihlunu ezinzulu zangasemva, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ziquka amaqela ahlukeneyo omzimba omude kunye omfutshane afumaneka kuyo yonke inkomfa yomqolo omde. Oku kuvela kwithambo le-occipital yentloko kunye nommandla we-sacral. Ubunzima bomnxeba buquka:

- I- muscle eqondisa i-trunk . Itholakala kwingingqi ye-sacrum kunye namaqhosha omabini omhlaba, apho ivela khona, iya ngqo kwaye iphele kwisithambo se-occipital. Umsebenzi wayo uhambelana nokulungiswa nokuguqulwa kwesaziso, kunye nokuthambekela kwayo. UMnu erector trunci unesahlulo sesithathu, ukusuka ekunciphiseni kuyo impawu yokunyuka kuya kuxhomekeka.

- I- Transverse-muscle enezandla , okanye m. I-Transversospinalis yinkimbinkimbi eququzelelwe yimibhobho emancinci neyifutshane. Ezi zihlunu zangemuva, i-anatomy yazo ekuqalekeni ibonakala ibuthathaka, iya kwi-direction oblique ukusuka kwiinkqubo ze-vertebrae kwaye uncedise ukongezwa kwe-back and trunk.

- i- belt muscle . Yenza intloko ijika kunye nokwandiswa kommandla wesibeleko.

Imisipha ye-Lumbar, eqinisweni, ayikho yohlobo lwesisu somgudu olufanelekileyo. Ziye zihambelana nesatomically ne-girvic girdle musculature.