Uhlobo lwe-Dolichocephalic yentloko: iqhelekileyo kunye neentsholongwane

Isiganeko esihle kakhulu sabasetyhini yintlanganiso yokuqala kunye nomntwana wakhe, awayezenzele yona kwiinyanga ezili-9 kwaye yonke le nto wayecinga nje ukuba yayibukeka njani. Kodwa ekugqibeleni umzuzu wokubeletha uza, kwaye intlanganiso ende elinde ixesha elide lwenzeka. Mhlawumbi, ngamnye umama uhlolisisa ukubonakala komntwana wakhe, kwaye ukuba uyayikhathalela ezinye iintsana, uya kubona ukuba akusiyo wonke umntu onesimo skull efanayo. Kulo phawu, umbuzo unokuvela: kutheni?

Ingaveli zefayili kubantwana

Oogqirha bahlula iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zee-skull kwiintsana:

1. Uhlobo lwe-Dolichocephalic yentloko. Kule meko, inomfanekiso oval oval and oblong.
2. Ubunjani beBrachycephalic yentloko. Ingqayi yakhe ijikeleze.

Ezi fom kwiyeza zithathwa njengesiqhelo.

Izizathu zokungaqhelekanga

Ngokubanzi, kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni abantwana bazalwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zentloko. Okokuqala, kuxhomekeke kwindlela umntwana azalwa ngayo. Kwaye namhlanje kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuzala:

• Zendalo;
• Kwicandelo leesesare.

Inyaniso kukuba xa umntwana ehamba kunye nomsele wokuzalwa, uphantsi kwengcinezelo. Ngethuba lolandelelwano, igubu le-encinci litshintshela kwisakhiwo samalungu omama, kwaye uhlobo lwe-dolichocephalic lwentloko lwenziwa. Ikhanda litshintshe umlo walo ngenxa yefontiel kunye neembrane ezi-elastic ezidibanisa amathambo ayo kumntwana. Ngoko ke, ukuma kwentloko ye-dolichocephalic iyaxhaphaka kakhulu kwiintsana ezizalwe ngendlela engokwemvelo.

Kwakhona kukholelwa ukuba ukubunjwa kwekhayi kwi-fetus kubunjwe ngethuba le-occipital. Oku kwenzeka xa indawo ekhankanywe ngentla yintloko yentombazana ngexesha lokuzalwa kweyokuqala idlula kwinqanaba lokuzalwa.

Abantwana abazalwe ngecandelo le-caesarean abaxinzezelekanga, ngoko ke i-gace igcina ingqungquthela yayo yangaphambili, i-brachycephalic shape. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba imo ye-dolichocephalic yentloko yesisu esivela kule miqathango emibini ithathwa njengamkelekileyo. Emva kwakho konke, ngokubonakala kwendalo yomntwana, yonke imfuyo yowutsha usungulwe.

Ngenxalenye yesondlo, ngokukodwa xa kucetywayo kwaye iqaliswe ngaphandle kokulinda ukuqala komsebenzi, akukho siqalo semvelo emzimbeni wengane esandula. Ngoko ke, kubantwana abazalelwe ngale ndlela, ukulungelelaniswa ebomini ngaphandle kwesibeleko somama kunokuthi kwenzeke ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunabantwana abazalwa ngokwemvelo.

Iifom ze-pathological zekrele lezinsana

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeengcambu zeengqayi zintsana:

1. Plagiocephaly, okanye "intloko ephantsi". Ngaloo ntsholongwane, inxalenye yangaphambili okanye ye-occipital isicatshulwa, kwaye inhloko iyimilinganiselo.
2. Acrocephaly. Ngaloo ntsholongwane, i-neonates ine-conical, shape width of head. Amagxa amathambo enkkull aphelelwe yintsholongwane.
3. Ukuxhamla. Eyona nto ibonakalisa ukuba ibangela ukuba i-ossification yangaphambili ikhenge, ngelixa iindawo zayo zangaphambili okanye ze-occipital zingakhupha kakhulu.

Isithintelo seNtloko kwiintsana

Akukodwa nje ubunzima nokuphakama komcimbi osandul 'ukuzalwa, kodwa ubukhulu bekhanda, kunye nelokujikeleza kwalo. Ezi zikhombisi zinokuxelela oogqirha abaninzi malunga nomzimba womzimba ozelweyo.

Ubungakanani kunye nomjikelezo wekhanda lilinganiswa ngeteksi elincinci elingaphantsi kweendawo ezininzi kakhulu - i-nape kunye nemigca yamashiya. Ukulinganisa ujikelezo lwentloko yesana olusuka kulwesibini ukuya kutsho lwesine lobomi bakhe, emva kokunyamalala kwe-edema emva kokuzalwa.

Isiqhelo sijikelezo sama-35 centimeters, kodwa ukuguquka kwe-32 ukuya kuma-38 cm kukuqhelekileyo ukuphambuka. Ngayiphi na yalezi zikhombisi, intloko ye-head circumference kubantwana i-2.5 cm enkulu kunokuba isayizi somfuba. Xa umntwana uneminyaka engama-5 ubudala, ama-indices angentla angalingana. Kwaye ngomnyaka omnye isifuba somntwana sifanele sidlule kwi-circumference yentloko nge-2.5 cm efanayo.

Ukuba emva kwemilinganiselo yacaca ukuba kukho ukuphambuka, oku kubonisa indlela yokukhubazeka. Ngenkcazelo yayo echanekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba uluphi ulwaphulo oluphambene nalo okanye luphantsi.

Hydrocephalus

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane. Esinye sazo sisifo ezifana ne-hydrocephalus (okanye, ngamanye amazwi, i-dropsy). Esi sifo, ukwanda kwomsindo we-cerebrospinal fluid kwi-gazi yomntwana uyabonwa.

Ifoto yabantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa kunye nale ngxaki ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ubukhulu bentloko bunyuke kakhulu, isebe leengqondo likhulu ngobukhulu xa lithelekisa ubuso, kwaye inxalenye engaphambili iqhubela phambili. Ukuqokelelwa kwesi sixhobo kubangela ukwanda kweengcinezelo zengcinezelo.

Iimpawu ze-hydrocephalus

Iimpawu ze-dropsy, okanye i-hydrocephalus, zi:

• Ukwanda kwinqanaba lentloko;
• Ikhanda lomntwana emva kokuzalwa liyaqhubeka landa;
• Umntwana uphahla emva kwentlalo;
• Unomsindo, ucecekile, u-whiny, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ngokuchaseneyo, uba ngumsindo;
• Usana luyakwazi ukuphathwa kwintloko;
• Ngokuqhelekileyo unesicupho kunye nokuhlanza;
• Oogqirha, njengomgaqo, bafumanisa utshintsho kwi-fundus;
• Ukubanjelwa kwesifo sokuxhamla;
• Ukungabikho kwamanzi e-Urinary.

Ukuba umntwana ufumaneka nge-hydrocephalus, kuyimfuneko ukuyibonisa kwi-neurosurgeon. Ngokuqhelekileyo esi sifo siphathwa ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye i-neurosurgeon emva kokuhlolwa kunye novavanyo olupheleleyo lunikeza ubungqina okanye ukuchasene nokusebenza okuzayo.

Emva kokungenelela ngempumelelo kokungenelela, isigulo, njengombandela, asiqhubeki. Umntwana unokuya kwiziko eliqhelekileyo lokufunda (igadidi) kunye nesikolo kunye noontanga bakhe. Ngamanye amaxesha unyango luyenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinciphisa umveliso we-cerebrospinal fluid. Ubume bekrele bubuyela ngokuqhelekileyo kwinto eqhelekileyo.

Microcephaly

Uhlobo lwesibini lwentsholongwane olwenzekayo olutsha luyisifo esinjenge-microcephaly. Ngaloo nto, kuncipha kwinqununu yengqondo kwintsana, ngokuchasene nabantwana abasempilo, kunye nokunciphisa ukulandelwa kobukhulu bendawo yokuhamba kwentloko.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezibangela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo. Ingaba izifo ezazisasazekayo, ezithunyelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuxilwa komntwana kwisisu somama onotywala, ucuba kunye neziyobisi. Eyona nto ingozi yile miphumo kwimigangatho yokuqala yokukhulelwa, xa zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo zomntwana zenziwa kuphela.

Isiphumo esibi kukusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Impembelelo yomsakazo omsakazo, utyhefu obusetyayo obunetyhefu, ukungaqhelekanga kwemfuzo kunye nokulimala kokuzalwa kunokudala i-microcephaly kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngelo xesha, i-gaqa yengane iya kuba yincinci, xa kuthelekiswa nabantwana abangenayo i-pathology.

Iimpawu ze microcephaly

I-microcephaly yintsana iyakwazi ukuqwalaselwa nakubonwayo, ngaphandle kokuqhuba iimviwo ezongezelelweyo. Esi sifo sihamba kunye neempawu ezilandelayo:

1. Umqolo wentloko kwintsana i-2-3 ihlukeneyo ukusuka kwimiqathango yesiqhelo. Ukuba abantwana abasemgangathweni bangama-32-38 cm, kwiintsana ezinokuzalwa kunye ne-microcephaly, esi sibonakaliso singama-25-27 centimeters kuphela. Kwisithombe sezingane ezisandul 'ukuzalwa ezine-microcephaly, kubonakala ukuba ukuguquka kwekhayi kuguqulwa - ubuso bomntwana bukhula, kwaye intloko ngokwawo ihlala encinane.
2. Ubunzima bobuchopho kubantwana abanobuhle bungaba ngu-400 g, kwaye kwiintsana ezinokuzalwa kunye ne-microcephaly, litshintsha ngama-250 g.
3. Iziqabane eziqhelekileyo zesi sifo zinjalo ukuphambuka njengokuthi "intsimbi ye-hare", intambo, "ingcuka yomlomo".
4. Izigulane ezine-microcephaly zizalwe nge-fontanel evaliweyo, okanye ukuvalwa kwayo kwenzeka ngenyanga yokuqala yobomi.
5. I-baby lags ibonakala ngokubonakalayo ekuphuculweni kwemvakalelo nokuthetha. Ngethuba elifanayo, akakwazi nje ukuvelisa amagama aze azwakalise, kodwa naye akayiqondi into enikezwa ngabanye.

I-Microcephaly ngoku, ngelishwa, isifo esingenakuphilisa. Unyango lujoliswe kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukuphuhliswa kweenkohlakalo.

Macrocephaly

Olunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane yokukhubazeka luyi-macrocephaly. Kwiyeza, oku kuthiwa ukwanda kwimiqulu yeckull kunye nobukhulu beengqondo ngokungabikho kwehla. Ngesi sifo, ubunzima beengqondo bunokufikelela kuma-2850 amagremu. Le ntsholongwane ingabonakali, kwaye ukubonakala kwengqondo kule meko ngokuqhelekileyo akufaniyo nokuqhelekileyo.

I-Macrocephaly isifo sesifo sokuzalwa, kodwa ngezinye izihlandlo sinokuvela emva kokuzalwa. Ngelishwa, izizathu ezivela kuyo aziziwa ngoku.

Nangona umntwana wakho osandul 'uzalwa unomzimba owenziwe ngentloko kwaye akukho ziphoso kunye neentsholongwane ezinjengekrele, kuyimfuneko ukunyamekela umntwana ngokuchanekileyo ukukhusela ukuvela kwezilwanyana zangemva kokubeletha. Inyaniso kukuba amathambo ekhanda ekuzalweni kwamakati athathaka, azinzima, ngoko xa umntwana eselala ixesha elide kwisithuba esinye, ukuguquka kwamathambo enkayiba kwenzeka, kwaye ekugqibeleni intloko ithola isimo esingavumelekanga. Ukuze i-dolichocephalic isimo sekhanda itshintshe ebusweni, kwiiveki ezili-12 zokuqala, abazali bafuna ukutshintsha isikhundla sentsana ngokutsha kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngexesha ngalinye ukuyibeka ngaphesheya.