Iparameters kunye neeklasi yenethiwekhi

networks Internet Modern, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokusekelwe isuntswana-32 i-IP Idilesi-entlantlu iinxalenye ezimbini - ID womnatha kunye umkhosi. Ukuze ubone yingxenye idilesi mkhosi, nto leyo emele womnatha, iye yaphuhliswa iindlela ezimbini. Ngoku nababoneleli-nkonzo Internet usebenzisa indlela Linokubakho Inter-Domain yomgudu, ngokusekelwe imaski subnet. Iiklasi Network wokuqala ukuba indlela eziphelelwe lixesha, leyo yayisekelwe kolundi.

IP-idilesi ye nayiphi na into, nokuba ngaba iseva okanye ikhompyutha rhoqo, nto leyo ngokusondeleyo igama womnatha. Yokuguqulela igama ukuba idilesi womnatha yenkonzo DNS ekhethekileyo, amagama domain ogunyazisiweyo. "Match" kwi igama womnatha umncedisi liya kubhaliswa kuphela kule nkonzo. Izixhobo ezinjalo abancedisi ziyafumaneka ngokuzenzekelayo kuluntu, kwaye wabacinezela nge Internet.

Kokuba kusetyenzwe IP-iidilesi, ahlawule ingqalelo iiklasi network. Bebonke kukho ezintlanu, yaye ngamnye uneempawu zawo. Class A isetyenziselwa enkulu uthungelwano lwehlabathi. Kulo, kunye Internet. Uluhlu yale iklasi inabela ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya 127 kwaye ibandakanya 126 yothungelwano. Uthungelwano enye iqulathe iiyunithi ezingaphezulu kwezigidi elinesithandathu. Eneneni network isazisi uphethe amasuntswana bokuqala abasibhozo kuphela, asele amasuntswana 24 ezisetyenziselwa iidilesi host.

Networks Class B iqulathe screens naphakathi ukuba ukuhlala idilesi uluhlu ukuya kwixabiso 191. Apha ngayo, i-IP-dilesi yahlulahlulwe efanayo iinxalenye bit-16. Enye inxalenye lugubungela inombolo yesazisi uthungelwano, lo gama enye igcinelwe umkhosi. Uthungelwano umanyanisa 65.534 node. Njengomgaqo, lisetyenziswa kwiiyunivesithi okanye kwiinkampani ezinkulu.

iiklasi C inkxaso grid encinane. Asezikhundleni uluhlu lwamaxabiso ukuya ku 223. Phantsi inombolo womnatha ke amasuntswana-24 zokuqala kunye eseleyo isithuba-8-bit ziyafumaneka kwi nginginya. Yenethiwekhi na indawo ukuya ku-256 iindawo, ezimbini kuzo igcinelwe IP-entengiso. Mandinazise ukuba iidilesi ezi ndidi zintathu ukubandakanyeka kukhokela kunye nolwakhiwo lwe sub-networks kuthungelwano lwehlabathi. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba 'wokwenene "okanye" white ".

Ezinye iiklasi womnatha Musa ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo enjalo. D-Inethiwekhi kuluhlu ukuya ku 239. Abayi ukuphumeza iindawo ukufikelela kwaye yenziwa ziyakusasaza multicast IP-imiyalezo. Class E networks kwakhona azinamgaqo iindawo. uluhlu awo ukuya ku-255, yaye zovavanyo.

Kuzo zonke iiklasi kukho ibhloko iidilesi zigcinelwe ukusetyenziswa zabucala. Zisetyenziswa kuphela networks local yabucala, ngoko ke Internet, le dilesi nje ezihambe ngayo kwaye zibizwa ngokuba 'grey "okanye" ngasese. " Ukujoyina i LAN abucala kunye nokuphuma ngabo, i-World Wide Web isetyenziswa NATED-umzila.

Ukususela kwiiklasi womnatha echazwe ngentla-ukuba inani eliqingqiweyo IP-iidilesi, sebenzisa asimonwabisi. Le enye yindlela apho inani le bytes ezinikeziweyo kungaphelelanga, kwaye esetyenziswa ngayo imaski subnet. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo endala akazange amlibale. Oku ayichazwa kwiincwadi ezininzi kunye neklasi D no-E needilesi nangoku kusetyenziswa ngasese.