Isifo sephepha yethumbu: Oonobangela, Iimpawu, diagnosis and Treatment

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, uluntu iye ekulweni kunye tuberculosis emathunjini. Esi sisifo esibi kwaye iyingozi, okuzothi xa sithe asanyangwa kunokukhokelela ekufeni. Wonke umntu kufuneka azi ukuba yintoni na iimpawu kwesi sifo. Ngoko ke, yintoni na tuberculosis yethumbu? Ziziphi iimpawu uphawu ngenxa kwakhe?

Undoqo lwesifo sephepha emathunjini

Isifo sephepha - isifo eyaziwa abantu bonke. Oku iingcali gama ukuqonda isifo esinganyangekiyo esosulelayo. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba esi sifo liphathelene kuphela umonakalo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Enyanisweni akunjalo. Kukho iintlobo zezifo extrapulmonary. Omnye wabo - tuberculosis emathunjini. Kukho sisifo ebizwa ngenxa mycobacteria. Enye imithombo zokugula izigulane anayenza le mithetho kococeko lomntu buqu.

Abantu abanjalo abakude Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) nesifo unyaka abantu abambalwa. Kumthombo yosulelo kwaye ziquka iinkomo. Mycobacterium tuberculosis iyamelana kakhulu impembelelo ngeemeko zokusingqongileyo. Xa baboniswa iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo unokuba filter yamasuntswana ultra-entle okanye giant izakhiwo branched. Xa iimeko zivuma, iILO ukufumana imilo boqobo.

Forms tuberculosis isisu

Isifo Isihloko zahlulwe zibe eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Isifo sephepha usasazwa ugqithiselwa njengoko kwamathumbu, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba apho? Impendulo yalo mbuzo unikwa. Ngoko ke, isifo sephepha lokuqala kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

• Ngenxa ukusetyenziswa ubisi unboiled eemazi tuberculous.
• Xa yokusasaza hematogenous of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ukusuka kugxininiswa iphambili kwemiphunga, nkovu ezalathelwe.
• Ngenxa ukusetyenziswa ukutya izitya ukuba usulelwe Mycobacterium tuberculosis, okanye isikhephe, eyeye abantu sele unaso esi sifo.

Ifomu yesibini sifo lwenzeka xa abantu abagulayo kunye nomonakalo kwemiphunga ngenxa nokudla yesikhohlela kunye namathe. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ngale ndlela ukufikelela emathunjini nesifo nodonga lwawo (ikakhulu kuchaphazela ileum). Oku kuphumela fistulas kunye embhedeni. Yingozi ukuba engqongileyo tuberculosis emathunjini? легочной формы. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba sifo idla yinkqubo yesibini ezenzeka ngexesha ngenkqubela ifomu miphungeni. Kakhulu ngamaxesha amathumbu tuberculosis primary, ukuphuhlisa ngenxa usuleleko alimentary.

iimpawu

Xa tuberculosis yethumbu abantu izimvo kwi le miqondiso ilandelayo basole:

1. Iimpawu kunxilwe. Ngenxa yokugula awuzali ilahlekileyo, iqala ubunzima bomzimba bunciphe. Izigulane ezikhala ukubila ebusuku, nomkhuhlane. Abasetyhini ukuze sexesheni ndingekho.
2. iimpawu emathunjini. Ekuqaleni esi sifo kukho ukuqhina kwezinye abantu. Kuya kufuneka kulandelwe, njengoko umthetho, ixesha elide kunye norhudo isiba. Izigulane dibana iingcali kwakhona ezikhala iintlungu esiswini.
3. Ubukho wemfundo. Kwi Ngokucofa esiswini inokuba uvalo maloboleznennaya ithumba.

Xa kuyabulala sisilonda sikabhobhosi amathumbu kwenzeka iimpawu aphazamiseke peritoneal. Izigulane enomkhuhlane. Endleni kukho igazi okanye iinxalenye zayo (erythrocytes, leucocytes) zifumaneka ziingcali kuphando usebenzisa ngemicroscope. Ukuze inkqubo wenze atshabalalisayo lungachazwa iingxaki. Ngokufuthi apho ukopha, emathunjini, waphula ingqibelelo eludongeni lwayo.

ekuxilongweni TB

Lokufunyaniswa "sephepha wamathumbu" zingaziswa ziingcali emva nokukhuthala ngenxa. Oku kuquka:

• tuberculin;
• -X-reyi;
• colonoscopy;
• barium enema;
• laparoscopy kunye biopsy.

iindlela kakhulu ulwazi na Itomography ikhompyutha kunye laparoscopy. Xa isicelo ezi iindlela iingcali kwesifo zifumaneka rhoqo kwizigulane calcified iindawo nkovu mesenteric, tubercles. Enengcombolo kunye X-ray yoviwo. Ngenxa kuye, iingcali zibonisa iimpawu sephepha yethumbu (umzekelo, barium ukugcinwa kwi cecum kwi kwinkululeko namanye amasebe).

Kvantiferonovy uvavanyo - indlela kwilebhu mihla ekuvumela ukuchonga usulelo. Layigubungela isifo sephepha ufanele ngokunjalo. Ngoko ke, eli kovavanyo kukuba ukufunda igazi yesigulane. Yena ukuqasha isisu esingenanto kusasa ukusuka apho iphuma khona baze bafakwe kit ekhethekileyo eliquka ngemibhobho ezintathu. Emva yokuqokelela igazi iingcali baqhuba uphando. test Kvantiferonovy anganika HIV, ezingakhiyo hlolo:

1. Isiphumo plus libonisa ukungenwa Office.
2. Isiphumo ezigxekayo ifunyenwe kubantu abasempilweni. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba xa akukho mfuneko ukuze kuthintelwe usulelo kunye Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Umphumo inokuba elibi lobuxoki. Oku kwenzeka kumaxesha okuqala zosulelo, ngokuba immunodeficiency ithi.
3. japan athandabuzekayo kunokwenzeka kunye iimpawu ngamnye sifo, kwakunye besaphula iimfuno preanalytical. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi, oogqirha isigqibo kucingo yegazi entsha okanye ukuqeshwa yeesaveyi ezongezelelweyo.

diagnosis umehluko

Ezo mpawu eziqatshelwe ziingcali kwi uphando abantu ngesifo sephepha ekucingelwa emathunjini inokuba kubalulwa zezinye izifo arhabaxa. Kukhulu, nezifo eziqhelekileyo ubizwa ngokuba sisilonda sikabhobhosi, isifo Crohn kaThixo, segazi amoebic, nangezilonda emathunjini. Ukuba abeke ukuxilongwa echanekileyo kufuna diagnosis umehluko :

1. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho segazi amoebic , kunye nangezilonda, iimviwo histological kufuneka kwenziwe.
2. Ngenxa endoscopic granulomas sarkoidopodobnye biopsy inokufumaneka, eliquka lymphocyte ukuba embindini iiseli ezinkulu ezifana Pirogov-Langhans. Ezi zithinteli ezenziwa isifo sephepha wamathumbu kunye nesifo Crohn kaThixo. Ukwahlula sifo kwezinye ekwaziyo nganye kumakhaya caseous necrosis. Kwenzeka kuphela granulomas e tuberculosis emathunjini.

unyango lwesifo

Xa unesifo unyango "lwesifo sephepha wamathumbu" iqala kwizibhedlele ezikhethekileyo. injongo yakhe - ezinzileyo ukuphiliswa nakujoliso olutsha losulelo, ukupheliswa iimpawu. Unyango lwesifo sephepha kakhulu elide. Indawo yoBuyiselo-kwenzeka phakathi ngonyaka nge-avareji. Kwezinye iimeko, kuthatha ixesha elininzi ngakumbi ukuba abaphilise.

Xa tuberculosis yethumbu kuyimfuneko ukugqibezela unyango. ingxenye main Its - a ichemotherapy. Oogqirha ezikhethiweyo nemixube ezithile imisela ithamo lwabo udibaniso. Ekuqaleni le chemotherapy kakhulu. It abangaphangeliyo ukuphindaphindwa mycobacteria, kunciphisa inani labo. Ngokumalunga iirejimeni zonyango kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba yonke imihla zingasetyenziswa:

• "INH" yaye "rifampicin";
• "INH" yaye "Ethambutol".

Indibaniselwano yokuqala iziyobisi esimiselwe ixesha leenyanga ezili-9 ukuya ku-12, kwaye eyesibini - at 18 Loo unyango ixesha elide kuyimfuneko ngenxa yokuba mycobacteria zanda kancinane, kwaye elide isebenze.

Ukuba kutyhilwa uxilongo isifo sephepha isisu, iya akunyanzelekanga eyabelwe unyango endala. Akusoloko nako ukunika isiphumo kulindeleke. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha ukumisela uqhaqho. Ibonisa uphuhliso iingxaki. Umzekelo, umsebenzi kufuneka yabelwe kunye isixa esikhulu ulwelo kwi kwisisu. Surgery kufuna kokuphazamiseka mechanical emathunjini. kubangelwa inokuba ukuhlala emva ephilisa namanxeba azikhuli phakathi ephambuka kwamathumbu.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene ne unyango

Eyona ngxaki inkulu kunye unyango lwesifo sephepha wamathumbu kukungabikho yembeko abantu abagulayo. izigulane ezininzi musa ukulandela iingcebiso ziingcali kwaye ziphazamise ulwamkelo neziyobisi tuberculostatic. Ngenxa ukupheliswa ngaphambi ichemotherapy namandla inkqubo. Enye ingxaki kukuba emva ukuthatha amayeza kagqirha kubonakale iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. imiphumela emibi imiphumo enetyhefu kwamachiza zezi:

1. Kohlobo - sisifo yokukrala esibindini.
2. Thrombocytopenia - imeko apho ukuncitshiswa ezendeleyo inani ziiplatelets.
3. Neuritis - sisifo yokukrala luvo.
4. ukusilela kwezintso - imeko zophendlo lwezifo esibonakala ukuphazamiseka umsebenzi sezintso.

iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga musa kuvela rhoqo kakhulu. Nazo 3-5% labantu abafumana "rifampicin" yaye "INH", yaye 1-2% ezigulane iphathwa "isoniazid" yaye "ethambutol". Xa ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga yahluka inkqubo yonyango.

nemiphumela tuberculosis isisu

I-ALS kwesifo ixhomekeke ngokukhawuleza ngayo iingcali ukufumanisa isifo kunye nonyango isabelo. Kwiimeko aphambili, kunye izilonda etshabalalisayo emathunjini uqikelelo obhityileyo elingamncediyo ngenxa ukwenzeka emathunjini kunye malabsorption kwezondlo. Ngaphantsi zemo ophambene zinikwe izitshanguba ze ikholoni.

zokuthintela izifo

Ukwenzela ukuthintela isifo sephepha namathumbu unyango lothintelo. Ukuze kubonwe ukuba ngaba kufuneka umntu othile, enze inkcazo owandulelayo test tuberculin. Xa ngaba isiphumo HIV, unyango lokuthintela umiswa. Kuyinto chemoprophylaxis "isoniazid" phakathi kunyaka 1. ngokuba lulondolozo lokuthintela wenziwa hayi kuphela elihle isikhumba uvavanyo tuberculin ukuthintela izifo ezifana nesifo sephepha yethumbu. Izizathu zokuqeshwa lwakhe kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Indoda xa wadibana nabantu babe TB esebenzayo.
• Isigulane uthatha corticosteroids kunye arhente immunosuppressive.
• Umntu ophethwe immunodeficiencies of imvelaphi ezahlukeneyo.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukubonakala iimpawu ibitheni obabuthandwa nesifo isisu, kufuneka ngoko nangoko uye ekliniki ukuya kugqirha. Ukuba abarhanelwa lweengcali ogama sifo, isigulana siya kuthunyelwa kumaziko ezizodwa TB.