Izibakala kakhulu umdla malunga Bunin

Umbhali, intatheli, yimbongi umgxeki Ivan Bunin kungathathwa Likhonkco iincwadi Russian. Waye self-ezaneleyo umntu othile, soloko wanyula indlela yakhe. Andizange inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na intshukumo uncwadi, ingakumbi akazibandakanyi iqela, ucinga zobugcisa engamkelekanga ukuxuba nezopolitiko.

Eli nqaku liqulathe ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Bunin, abaninzi kwincwadi engobomi bakhe. Ngezantsi umfundi ukuba aqhelane nobomi kunye nomsebenzi yombhali.

Abantwana nolutsha

Umbhali elizayo wazalwa 10/10/1870, i (uhlobo endala) e Voronezh, apho abazali bakhe bafuduka kunye nabantwana abadala. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Bunin zinxulumene ikakhulu imvelaphi yayo, kuba fanele kwintsapho amanene yamandulo, ogama iingcambu ukubuyela nzulu Ages Aphakathi.

Noko ke, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, intsapho odumileyo yaye ohloniphekileyo endala yeengcungcu komyalelo yaba lihlwempu, ngoko Ivan ebuntwaneni kwenzeka kwifama encinane, apho ukufaka enye lifa lentsapho yesizwe. Imfundo lamakhwenkwe abenza notitshala ekhaya - umfundi University eMoscow. Naye Vanya waba nolwalamano oluhle, kunye Bunin sokuphila kakuhle nomcebisi yakhe yokuqala, ibulela kuye hayi kuphela isiseko esomeleleyo solwazi; kodwa ukuba ubuhlobo.

Ukukhumbula iinyaniso umdla yobomi Bunin, umntu asingekhe silibale ukuba umntu abatsha abanetalente Eletskii ngaphandle kokugqiba isikolo. Kwezinye izifundo (ozithandayo) kananjalo kudlule ngokukhawuleza izifundo eyunivesithi epheleleyo. Kwezemfundo ngenene wanceda lo mzalwana omdala linguYuliyo.

Umgca wokuqala

Ukuqokelela imvuthuluka leefekthi ezinomdla Bunin, zezifundo bafumanise ukuba abhale oko yaqala kwangethuba kakhulu - kwasekuqaleni nje emi-6 ubudala. Xa ndandineminyaka esixhenxe, wabhala umbongo wakhe wokuqala. Yeenowuthsi, apho zaqhutywa yi umbhali, wavuma ukuba ethelekisa yena kunye Lermontov kunye Pushkin.

Umfutho italente ukuvuka Ivan ubiza impembelelo ezintle utitshala wakhe wokuqala, lowo wamazisa kunye nengqokelela 'iimbongi IsiNgesi " kunye nencwadi ethi" The Odyssey. " A udumo kakhulu kwi umntwana unesiphiwo waba iingoma iintsomi, amabali, iintsomi, abahlali basekuhlaleni Hamlet. Konke oku kwanefuthe ukuyilwa ubuntu yoyilo.

Ukongeza italente zoncwadi ze-Ivan oluncinane endandinalo enye inkwenkwe yokuluka kakhulu. Wamemeza nangokubonisayo sacengceleza imibongo, kuquka lakhe. Njengomntu omdala, yena nayo ukuyifunda iprozi obubalaseleyo, incentive lobuqu nkqu abaphulaphuli dullest.

Ekuqaleni

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich, iinyaniso umdla ezo zichazwe inqaku epapashwe okokuqala kwiminyaka eli-16. Xa ngeminyaka umfana onjalo, wanika abafundi imisebenzi abaqolileyo profound: imihobe "Rural wehlwempu," "The ingcwaba S. Ya Nadsona," amabali "Nefedka", "sisibhadu ezimbini".. Oku le misebenzi baqalisa indlela ende kunye neziqhamo ukuba liqhawe kule ncwadi.

Ngowe-1889, umbhali oselula kuxhotyiswa kunye nezimvo revolution-yedemokhrasi wajoyina intshukumo populists. Kodwa kungekudala kakhulu ke kudana izenzo nezazi ezinkulu, kwaye ekushenxeni kude kuyo. Ivan waya kwisixeko Eagle. Apha uqala ukushicilela "Orlovsky kwiGazethi".

ingqokelela yakhe yokuqala yemibongo epapashwe ngo-1891. He phezulu ezifunyenwe yi abagxeki kunye noluntu efunda.

umsebenzi echumayo

Interesting izibakala nobomi Bunin enxulumene utyelelo lwakhe ngo-1895, eSt Petersburg eMoscow. Apha badibana elite ubugcisa - Bryusov, Grigorovich, Kuprin, yaseChekhov, Sologub kunye Balmont. Bathi lesitofu libe imeko.bume enkulu yoncwadi, apho imbongi kunye umbhali kuyamanyaniswa lula yaye ngokwemvelo.

Bunin waphila ebhalelwa kunye Antonom Pavlovichem Chehovym, lowo wambiza ngokuba "Umbhali enkulu." idol yakhe Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Ivan A. wambongoza abaphulaphuli bakhe yaye ndonwabile ukudibana nabantu inkosi enkulu Russian amagama.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Ivan Bunin ngo-1896, zincediswa yi iziphumo umsebenzi wakhe ngumguquleli. Ngeli xesha ihlabathi wabona le nguqulelo bezobugcisa umsebenzi "Ingoma Hiawatha" apho Bunin wawongwa Pushkin Prize isidanga sokuqala. Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, uYohane wabafundisayo ngokwakhe IsiNgesi.

Ngowe-1897 wapapasha incwadi yokuqala zombhali - "Ekupheleni zehlabathi", ngo-1898 - ". Phantsi izulu livulekile" ingqokelela yemibongo, Le misebenzi kakhulu gqitha kulinganiswa abagxeki kunye noluntu.

Ngowe-1900 it wapapasha ibali "apile Antonovsky". Yanyuselwa ambiguously. Umzekelo, Mxim Gorky, esithi ubabalo umbhali uncwadi, wawukhalimela kabukhali naye sokubandakanyeka kwintsapho amanene. Bunin wayedla bagxeka "olinene 'ukuba akakhathali. Aphila - kunye iifeni nabagxeki - ekuvunyelwene ngokoluvo Ivan waba ikratshi engaqhelekanga. Yena umntu elula onyanisekileyo.

umhambi

Ukuqhubeka ukubeka iinyani ezinika umdla malunga Bunin, umntu asingekhe silibale ukuba umbhali nangokuzinikela wayethanda zohambo. Wayenomsebenzi ukutyelela iindawo ezintsha, bedibana nabantu abatsha, indlela yabo yokuphila kunye nezithethe.

Ivan watyelela amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu: eJamani, eItali, eSwitzerland, France. Abaninzi baya eCaucasus, esamenza ukuba umjikelo "Birds Shadow" kwaye bali "amanzi amaninzi."

Umbhali Bathandwa eAfrika Asia, uye waya kude.

ingqalelo kwihlabathi

Abantu abaninzi bayamangaliswa engobomi ubunzima Bunin, iinyani ezinika umdla malunga ngaye. Singasathethi ke ukuba Bunin - umbhali yokuqala Russian ophumelele ibhaso Nobel. Le mbasa eliphezulu nanako ngoNovemba 1933. Ukususela ngelo xesha kuye ingqalelo kwihlabathi-ngokubanzi ufikile. imisebenzi yakhe zapapashwa eYurophu. ethandwa lombhali yayina.

impilo Personal

Engenakulibaleka biography Bunin. olunika umdla ezihambelanayo kuphela ngendlela enobuchule, kodwa kwakhona kunye nobomi lobuqu zombhali. Waye watshata izihlandlo ezithathu.

umtshato wakhe wokuqala nentombazana Varvara Pascenco akuphumelelanga. Abantu Abaselula awuyifumani ulwimi okuqhelekileyo ekugqibeleni umtshato. Ngokuba Bunin yaba ukuphoxeka omkhulu Varvara nangoko bendivula emva komtshato atshate umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni.

Umfazi wesibini umbhali baba zizityebi nokuhomba Greek Anna Tsakni. Xa umtshato, unyana, uNicholas, ngubani wayeyoliswa kakhulu Bunin. Inkwenkwe wafa eneminyaka engama-5 ukusuka fever ebomvu. Unkosikazi yombhali ngasekhohlo. abantwana Ivan wayengekho.

umfazi wesithathu nothando okwenyaniso Vera Muromtseva. Wayeneminyaka kuphela nomfazi Bunin, kodwa umhlobo wakhe, iqabane lakhe. Ngayo, wafumana uxolo nolonwabo. Emva kokufa zombhali ngo-1953, yena wabhala kwimbali yobomi "Ubomi Bunin," wayekhangele kwindawo zokugcina bakhe, elungiselela ngqangi ukupapashwa.