"Birthmark," Sholokhov: Uhlalutyo imveliso

Ngexesha Yehlabathi leMfazwe yokuQala, Revolution, kwaye ingakumbi imfazwe yamakhaya yaba luvavanyo kubo bonke abemi Russia. Wayibona wavakalelwa iziphumo Cossacks kweziganeko zezopolitiko. Inkululeko-onothando uhlobo Abantu ababa nazigqibo into yokuba kakuhle kumiselwa kangangeenkulungwane, ubomi elungileyo siyabutyaka. Kodwa ke into kunabo nkqu. Yenzeka phakathi kwabantu Wayaneka ukwahlulwa kumacala ahlukeneyo abamelwane zangaphambili, abahlobo kunye namalungu osapho omnye.

ingqalelo Kuninzi kuhlawulwa umfanekiso umvambo imfazwe yamakhaya kunye uhlalutyo yefuthe layo umbhali imicimbi yabantu uMikhail Sholokhov. Imveliso "Birthmark," ezibhalwe ngowe-1924 kwaye aphawula ekuqaleni komjikelo "The Amabali Don", waba ngowokuqala umsebenzi wakhe, owawubona inyaniso xesha ezoyikekayo. Ke inoveli uyindumasi "nenzolo aqukuqela i Don", apho umbhali kuthwa isihloko yonke sikanina, umbhali wawongwa Prize Nobel.

Zibonisa Ungumfanekiselo Cossacks Sholokhov

"I-Don Amabali" yaba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kwiincwadi eko. Abazange alibonakali kanje wadalwa kwisithuba amandla eSoviet ababhali uyazazi. Sofuzo Cossack kunye Connoisseur enkulu ubomi Don, Sholokhov bakwazi ukuyenza imisebenzi amancinci ngombala elikhethekileyo indlela original yokuphila nabantu basekuhlaleni. Wayirhola ingqalelo eyodwa iinkolelo yokuziphatha kunye nezimvo, ekuqaleni ngokusekelwe inceba nobuntu, kodwa wawela imfazwe fratricidal.

Umlinganiselo amabali kwaba isiqu. naturalism abaninzi bedidekile kunye nezinye imifanekiso yemfazwe yamakhaya, kodwa loo nto eye wavumela umbhali ukugqithisa umlinganiselo ntlekele. Le ndlela intsha ilawulwa le migaqo xa ubhala ibali "Birthmark" Sholokhov.

Isishwankathelo kwemveliso: nolwazi Nikolka

Kwisiqwenga bali ilula kwaye yakhiwe ngokulandelelanayo, kunye ezinxaxhileyo olungephi (retrospectives) kwixesha elidlulileyo. Umlinganiswa oyintloko - uNikolay Koshevoy, umphathi butho oselula Olubomvu Army. Nikolka'm elinesibhozo umntu onamava Cossacks, ngubani ehlonelwa ukuba nesibindi obungummangaliso. Nangona imidala injalo ayo, yena sele ikhokele butho iinyanga ezintandathu kwaye ixesha eli xesha ukuqhekeka imigulukudu ezimbini. Oku lomvuzo omkhulu kayise, a Cossack owaziwayo, "batshabalala" omnye imfazwe waseJamani. Yaba nguye owafaka unyana wakhe isibindi, unyamezelo, uthando amahashe: kwangethuba kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu, wafundisa unyana wakhe ukuba bahlale iinqwelo. Yaye ilifa uyise Nikolka (kwaye oku kuya kusekelwa phezu phambili uhlalutyo kwemveliso Solochov) adla kumlenze ngasekhohlo, ubukhulu iqanda nevukuthu.

Oyilwayo we sebali uba umphathi bazisa ileta kunye neendaba malunga imbonakalo kwisithili emhlophe. Imfuneko yokwenza kwakhona ebangela umphathi yokucinga buhlungu ngendlela ubomi bakhe umkhosi udiniwe: "Learn to ... emva koko lemigulukudu."

isikhulu anobukroti

Kwi bethelekisa abalinganiswa ababini strong wakha ibali "I Birthmark" Sholokhov. Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa isimo sangaphakathi i Cossack ekhulile, kwiminyaka-7 ubudala abangabubonanga indlu kayise, - inxalenye elandelayo zomsebenzi. Wayelibanjwa waseJamani, wakhonza Wrangel, watyelela eConstantinople, yaye ngoku sele wabuyela ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe emantloko elihlonitshiweyo. Ataman umphefumlo coarsened ekuhambeni kweminyaka, uvakalelwa ngathi ziyalolana into ngaphakathi, ukuba haunted.

iintsuku ezintathu waya yi squad gang Nikolka, ngoko ingabekwa Miller, njengoko ingxelo yokugqibela Red Army. Ngoku ke ndileqeka namfama nesibindi Cossack Ataman. Ingqumbo yakhe lusabonelelwa ubuso beardless umnqweno ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo - nkqu bullet zange ayeke yena - kwabangela ubukrakra phakathi isikhulu. Ukongeza, omabonakude esifubeni sakhe ukuthetha ngokucacileyo malunga isikhundla iqhawe. Ngasuka ataman apho, yaye ukususela checkers stroke oselula umzimba bizkit. Amava yayinzima phezu zesibindi zobutsha. Emva koko, kunye lelonani kumkhupha Cossack endala iibhutsi ithole ngonyawo, naphantsi kwayo (emangalisayo unenyaniso yaye nangokweemvakalelo kubonisa ngamandla esi siganeko Sholokhov) - nolovane. Umhlaba wokuhlahlelwa acuteness ekhethekileyo ibali efikelela kuyo kule ndawo, nto leyo eyaba luvuthondaba bonke ebalisayo.

Abo baphambili ye emfazweni njengokuba antipodes

Ngelo xesha Ndifunde isikhulu iqashiso wabona unyana wakhe, ukubandezeleka nentlungu sawuzalisa umphefumlo wakhe: "! Nikolushka krovinushku .. yam ..". umzabalazo igazi zenzeka saa kumacala ahlukeneyo abantu zomthonyama, ebenza iintshaba ekrakra. Uyise akazange ukuxolela ngokwakhe ngokubulala unyana wakhe - Sbu amazinyo akhe "intsimbi Mauser 'iyadubula. Ndlela ebuhlungu ndigqibile ibali "Birthmark" Sholokhov.

Uhlahlelo kunye nenkcazelo yokuziphatha yabalinganiswa kubonisa indlela embi imfazwe wendalo, ingakumbi Nikolka. Iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu kwanyanzeleka ukuba silwe, yaye elinesibhozo sele wakhangela umntu otyhafileyo: kunye enemingxuma of imibimbi kufutshane namehlo, nesifombo umva. iphupha lakhe kukuba ukuze ufumane imfundo kwaye kube njalo. Itshatshazi kuphela wemka Nikolka iinkumbulo ubomi ezolileyo noxolo, xa kusekho unina esaphila kwaye uyise ezingafakwanga kuluhlu ufakele. Ezi Imizobo nostalgic kwenza kucace kangakanani senzo waye ngokwayo malunga imfuneko kwakhona ukuya edabini. Ekubeni kanye ekuqaleni kwebali "I Birthmark" Sholokhov (isishwankathelo kweengcinga hero ejonge qhalo) yenza kucace ukuba umfundi ukuba imfazwe - oku yinto nemvelo, yayintsha yobuntu. Ufuna ukubuyela ebomini iliso, kwaye njengokuba phambi alime umhlaba kunye isikhulu endala, wonke umntu uzama ewenzayo loo ndilangazelela okokuba ingamvumeli hop.

iinkcukacha Artistic kwimveliso

intetho okungaqhelekanga okuxoxa nokuzibonakalisa ezitsala imveliso "Birthmark". Sholokhov - iingxaki ezinxulumene nale bali ngqo - wongeza nemvakalelo yintlekele ngalo ukuguquka kwimifanekiso abantu eliqaqambileyo. Ngoko kabini inkcazelo ekuthethwa wesikhulu ingcuka. Okokuqala, loo nto eqaqambileyo, uthelekiso yokomfuziselo kunye endala Cossack "nabedivshimsya" inkokeli pack, ohamba ngokukhawuleza phambili. ilizwi elithethwe kunceda ukuqonda ngcono imeko ngokweemvakalelo lomlinganiswa. Emva koko, nje phambi kokuba idabi ebulalayo, ingcuka phambi kwabantu okuphuma esisiqobo, uphulaphula ngokucotha ebuyela. Ngenxa yesithethe, ingcuka imela abantu abalambileyo, elusizi, izilwanyana ngokuqhelekileyo wodwa ebangela ukuba nosizi ngaphezu uloyiko. Ngaloo ndlela kubonakala ezincwadini zamabali isikhulu endala.

Enye irhamncwa Asikokungena ibali "Birthmark" Sholokhov. Uhlalutyo imeko yokugqibela kunye nosilwangangubo, lowo ngokuhlwa ngaloo mini lokubulala, iyabhabha imke intloko isikhulu aze kwakhawuleza esibhakabhakeni okubonisa udiniwe, batyakatywa umphefumlo Cossack, eshiya umzimba kunye ukwenyuka esibhakabhakeni.

Ezi nkcukacha zinceda umbhali ngendlela capacious zibonisa ukuba umsebenzi mkhulu ukubandezeleka kwabantu, kuncothulwa ukuhamba zoxolo wobomi ngebhaxa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-7 ukuba bathathe inxaxheba yintoni na umphefumlo amanga.

Amava wobomi umbhali

ukuthembeka Sholokhov kunye naturalism kwi inkcazo iziganeko kweMfazwe Civil ngenxa yokuba, ngo-1918-19, waba ingqwalasela inkcaso ezimhlophe kunye ezibomvu Yelanskaya kwindawo lwenkunzi. Umbhali uye ubungqina inkohlakalo kabi nobundlobongela njengalowo okanye kwelinye icala, yaye xa wada yathinjwa Nestor Makhno, kodwa emva bebuzana wakhululwa. Ukususela ngo-1920, Sholokhov ngokwakhe "bakhonza kunye ukuzulazula ilizwe Don." Ngokutsho uvumo wakhe, baphethukela emigulukudu nokusukelana omnye komnye.

Ezi ziphumo, nto leyo ekhokelela umfundi Sholokhov

"Igala" - isiqulatho lonke ibali akanako ukumshiya nabani lingenandaba - yenza ngokwenene ucinga ukuba iimeko ezinzima ugxothwa kunye nobutshaba nesele abantu nomsindo bayakhohlwa nangentando nemfesane. Umbhali ayithethi oku, kunye namanye amabali, angokulungileyo nokungalunganga, kuba nje ukuba kule meko. Le mfazwe yamakhaya iye yaba yintlekele jikelele, leyo kufuneka ingaze ilityalwe - kuba ufuna ukutsala ingqalelo kumfundi Sholokhov. Birthmark (uhlalutyo yebali kukhokelela kwesi sigqibo) abe uphawu ubudlelwane igazi olungaqhawukiyo: ukusuka Nikolka oko kunto-nye njengoko wenzayo noyise. Ngoko ke, ngokuchasene abalinganiswa (uyise wazala nonyana) akukho abaphumeleleyo, ekuqaleni ngokunxamnye nemvelo yabantu.

Ixabiso lika "amabali Don 'of Sholokhov

Imfazwe Civil yaba intlekele ngenene, ngenxa leyo yatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngokwemimiselo yokuziphatha , wabatshabalalisa unxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi kwabantu. Oku kubonisa bali "Birthmark" Sholokhov. Uhlalutyo Isikhokelosemisebenzi neemvakalelo abalinganiswa isiqinisekiso yale mbono. Le yokuqala icwangcisa ilizwi kumjikelo lonke, naphambi kwamehlo umfundi omnye emva komnye imifanekiso eyoyikekayo kuza ubomi, ebalisa usizi abantu ibingenakubalwa. Kwaye ndifuna ukuba ndibhenele bonke abemi behlabathi: "Abantu, kuza ezingqondweni zakho! Ukuba umzalwana obulele umzalwana wakhe noyise -, nyana ukuba yonke into antywiliselwe lulwandle igazi, into ukuze aphile "?