Izibonelelo zonyango Kuryanovskoy - ezimbaxa ukuba unyango kwamanzi inkunkuma ezidolophini eMoscow

Bonke abahlali ikomkhulu likaThixo agalelwa olubi kunye nezindlu zangasese, ekugqibeleni iba kwizigidi cubic metres amdaka. Cwangcisa iminyaka emininzi eMnayileni eMoscow. Kuba yokucoca yezityalo kunyango amdaka ezimbini ezinezakhiwo: Lyubertsy kummandla abashicileli. Ngoko ke izityalo unyango Kuryanovskoy asebenza kwi-Sead (kwisithili mpuma azimeleyo), lelona mdala nomkhulu.

incazelo jikelele

Kule ndawo oluncedwa kwisitishi, ikhaya ukuya isixa esikhulu abantu - abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6 zabantu. Kwakhona kufuphi iinkampani ezininzi lemveliso. Ngoko ke isikhululo ifumana imihla imali ezinkulu ngokwenene kwamanzi amdaka - komyalelo ka-1.8 yezigidi m ^3. Kwezi,-20% yayikwicandelo zokuhlala, kunye 80% - kwimveliso. station Ifunyanwa Kuryanovskaya Sead (eMoscow), kwi-mveliso kwindawo Printers kwi wezandyondyo-bank lasekhohlo loMlambo eMoscow. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, esi sibonelelo ebalulekileyo yenye inkulu eYurophu.

Xa zizonke, le nkqubo iquka iibhloko ezintathu (NACA), iyileyo enokusetyenziswa ukuqhuba 1 Mio m ³ amanzi amdaka ngosuku. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abangama-izibonelelo zonyango Kuryanovskaya ziyilelwe ukuba umthwalo 3 MCM ³ iiyure eziyi-24.

A incinane

Izinto zokuqala kwesi sikhululo yakhiwa ngo-1939 Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa kokuqhambuka Second World War umsebenzi lumiswe ixesha elide. Wayethunywe izibonelelo zonyango Kuryanovo kuphela ngo-1950. Nangona station, kwakunye naziphi na ezinye iseti injongo efanayo, ukuba kude kakhulu kuwo umzi - emaqeleni kunye amahlathi, ecaleni izityalo ezininzi ezincinane. Ngokuthe ngcembe, kunjalo, ummandla eMoscow siyandiswa, kwaye isikhululo ekupheleni waba ngaphakathi kwimida yayo. Kwaye Wayengqongwe kuphela ngamashishini zoshishino nangoku zisebenza kuloo ndawo, kodwa kwiikota zokuhlala.

Kakade ke, ukwanda umthwalo wenza amandla kuyilo lokuqala kwisibonelelo ayonelanga. Ngoko, kwi 70s kule nkulungwane yokugqibela "imijelo eyakhiweyo" izityalo unyango amdaka kwindawo isigqibo sokwandisa abashicileli. Kummandla zakhiwo omdala kwakhiwa isikhululo Novokuryanovskaya ezibandakanya elide iiyunithi ezimbini, mihla. Ngaxeshanye ulwakhiwo wabo sandiswa kwaye ijelo zeemoto entsha.

Kakade ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, uyilo lixesha kwaye isikhululo esitsha. Ngoko ke, ngo-2011, waqala maxesha wabo omkhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lo msebenzi sele ugqityiwe.

zezithili Printers (eMoscow)

Ummandla yale yinxalenye imali ezingama-17,89 km ^2. Printers mmandla kwezitalato-30. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kummandla kwezityalo yokucocwa kwesuweji Kuryanovo ekhaya malunga 75 lamawaka. Man.

Yokugaya indawo yokuhlala okwangoku ingqalelo efanelekileyo kakuhle kakhulu. Iziseko apha aphuhliswe kakuhle kakhulu, umzekelo, kukho izikhululo engaphantsi amabini anesine - Kursk ulwalathiso IWD. Kutshanje, ukuba bathenge ezindlini kuleyo ndawo Printers mntu ngokukhethekileyo wayefuna. Yaba bonke ivumba elibi isasazeka ukusuka kwisityalo unyango. Noko ke, kutshanje, le ngxaki sele isonjululwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngayo indlela, makhe sithethe kancinane.

uyilo nokwakhiwa kwesikhululo

Kuryanovskoy complex, ngoko - lelona elikhulu yokucocwa kwamanzi amaziko eMoscow. inkqubo unyango Wastewater iqala kweli ziko kwelinye igumbi ezintathu ezifumana elidityaniswe ngqo abaqokeleli indle umzi. Ngenxa yoko komhlaba ilindle yombhobho flow isasazwa phezu isikhululo NACA (wokwakha grilles). amdaka Namhlanje ikakhulu kuza kwenye iibhloko ezimbini isikhululo esitsha. umbhobho welindle nganye, feed amanzi kwi NACA, kungenzeka eyakho esangweni imela vana. Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke neyunithi zokwenza nyulu, nokuphuma bancedwa ekwakheni iigridi kuba machining zaseprayimari. ke ezimpontshelwa esibatheni esantini. amdaka Eminye sidla ngokulandelana:

• e kwamatanki elala eziziiprayimari;

• nomoya;

• iitanki elala secondary;

• kwigumbi iplagi.

Umoya kwi iitanki nomoya inikezelwa ukusuka kwigumbi kumatshini elikhulu mayixhotyiswe turboduvkami eliphezulu. Udaka akumatanki yokubolisa eliya amatanki Umetyiso ezizodwa, apho iphela. I wahlukana irhasi nkqubo isetyenziswa yakhiwe ecaleni TPP encinane. Olo isisombululo umdla zobugcisa ukuba abonelele ngezixhobo zonyango Kuryanovskoy umbane eyakhe ngama-60%. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi okuhlamba aqukuqela imibhobho isebe ukuya Moskva emlanjeni. Emideni yonke amdaka yezityalo kwemali yi womxhuzulane. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngamnye uyaphumelela ibekwe kwezixhobo zokucoca ibekwe ngezantsi yangaphambili.

kanjani ukucoca mechanical

Eneneni yena technology unyango amanzi amdaka ngayo iinjineli of "Vodokanal" (Moscow) iye babecinga ukuba le nkcukacha zincinane. In Building gratings amdaka baye kwenkqubo yokuqala. Nazi ezi ubumdaka mechanical ezinkulu ziyasuswa. Ukuze benze oku, balityhutyha-grid okhethekileyo. Le yokugqibela i uhlobo isikhongozeli enkulu, fixed ngqo kumlanjana emanzini. Wakhethwa enkulu doti - anokuthintela yeplastiki Ndayishwabanisa yeebhotile, amaqhosha polyethylene, amagqabi, ingca, njl - .. Ngomhla ibhanti conveyer wathumela ngokurisayikilisha. Isimanga, uninzi iingxaki zabasebenzi kubahlangula workshops ilaphu cotton oluqhelekileyo. Imilinganiselo kufuneka kwicala ezinqamlezayo lincinane kakhulu, ngoko ke lula kugqitha kwisikhongozeli grid.

Ukwakha unyango lokuqala ngomatshini yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini. Ngamnye kubo upha ibhloko isikhululo esitsha. Emva Izakhiwo Iigridi amanzi ingena kumgibe entlabathini esikhethekileyo sokususwa ngamasuntswana amancinci kobutyobo. Wahlukana inkunkuma emanzini-ezingenakunyibilika yezimbiwa oluludaka kokuhlanjwa phambili zisiwe iifektri abathatha inxaxheba ekwenziweni isakhiwo Again, ukupheyiva njalo njalo. D.

ukucoca eziphilayo

Kakade ke, ukuze ahlambuluke amanzi ezikumgangatho ophezulu wasishenxisa enkukumeni eqhelekileyo zonke iintlobo ubumdaka mechanical akwanelanga. Kuryanovskoy station nomoya - a ekungcoleni mihla entsonkothileyo ezo zisesichengeni unyango kunye eziphilayo. traps Sand emva kokuba ufake clarifiers zaseprayimari. Apha, amanzi eseleyo kwi amasuntswana emsebenzini phantsi womxhuzulane ezantsi. iyunithi nganye lixhotyiswe 8 NACA ezinjalo amadike.

Emva alungise amanzi anikwa ukuya kwiitanki nomoya. Ngoko wabiza izingxobo ezikhethekileyo equlathe elitshisiweyo eziphilayo esebenzayo. bacterium ahlala kuyo aqalile nokuqhuba ukungcola usindileyo emanzini. Enyanisweni, inkqubo efanayo lwenzeka kumanzi zendalo. Noko ke, izikhululo inkqubo yokucoca kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. I-technology ngokuba unyango eziphilayo CBS eliquka mbane a komoya enamandla nomoya. Yena ivuselela ngokwendalo amagciwane. Isikhululo esimbaxa unyango amdaka ibandakanya, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kwaye zakhiwe ngale njongo kwigumbi lekhompyutha. Kwaba apha kwiitanki nomoya kunye iintsholongwane eziyimfuneko nomthamo umoya umlambo.

Ubunzima iphambili yeli nyathelo zokuhlanjululwa yimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza truboduvok kakuhle. Isibakala sokuba akukho live umoya iintsholongwane elitshisiweyo nomoya banokusweleka kumcimbi kwiiyure. Saphila labantu yabo elide kakhulu - kangangeenyanga eziliqela.

Emva nomoya phantse amanzi acocekileyo inikezelwa le clarifiers ezizisekondari. Kweli nqanaba, ukususwa ngoko ke iintsalela sele udaka. Emazantsi nganye clarifier zasesekondari basebenzisa indlela ekhethekileyo - ilosgrebatel. Esi sixhobo eqokelela kusombiwa itreyi enkulu. Ngaphezu koko yl kuthuthwa zokuyilahla ezizodwa ibekwe 60 km ukusuka kwikomkhulu.

Ukusetyenziswa methane

Akhiwe kwamatanki nomoya yl iyaqhubeka iphinde izivelise kwakhona. Intsalela ngenxa ngokuyinxenye igcinwe. Kamva, zinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwakhona. Inxalenye ephambili "extra" elitshisiweyo wathumela yokubola kwi kwamatanki ezizodwa semisubterranean - amatanki Umetyiso. Kukho yl ndinobushushu 54 ^{° C,} apho idityaniswe ngendaleko igesi uqala ukuba zenzeke. Methane ngenxa ebengena TPP ukuba umbane.

TPP

plant TPP Kuryanovskoy unyango (kufutshane Printers, eMoscow) liziko ekhethekileyo. Analogue amaziko anjalo naphi na ehlabathini. Ukuze kwakhiwe eli ziko isigqibo ngo-2005, emva kokuba ingozi enkulu, nto leyo ekhokelele de-amandla wawusele weMoscow, kuquka igumbi injini ka-CBS. Ngaloo mini, iintsholongwane kwi iitanki nomoya nababengalwamkelanga umoya ezifune ukuba malunga neeyure ezintathu. Ukwakhiwa TPP ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo ithuba okuphinde kwenzeke kwe meko ezingemnandi.

Njani na analysis amanzi amdaka

Kakade ke, umgangatho alahlwayo kwi Moskva amanzi emlanjeni kwisikhululo na ngamathuba ihlolwe. izifundo Mechanical luqhutywa ngokwamabakala, ngokutsho imida zilandelayo:

• lombala;

• ubushushu;

• ukunuka;

• elubala.

Eyokuqala i parameter ulinganiswa izidanga ze-Pt isikali. Lobushushu, ivumba, kunye nokucacisa - womgca. uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali amdaka kwenziwa kwi-pH reaction kunye umlinganiselo ezingcolisa ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho amabhodlo yokugqibela amdaka zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezine:

• ekungcoleni kamasipala (intsalela owomileyo - ubuncinane 500 mg / l);

• udidi yesibini (namanzi amdaka avela kwimizi-mveliso ukuya 5000 mg / l);

• udidi lwesithathu (ngaphezu kwama-5000 mg / l);

• isigaba sesine (ngaphezu kwama-30 amawaka. mg / l).

Le imichiza nokwakhiwa ekuzakuqalwa yamanzi amdaka alahlwa isikhululo Kuryanovskoy kufuphi Sead (eMoscow), elihambelana imigangatho SanPiN2.1.5.980-00.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba inkunkuma

ngamanzi okuhlamba sidla ngokupheleleyo kwigumbi osenyameni evela clarifier ezizisekondari. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba anikwe into bile obhobhozayo eqhagamshelwe Moskva emlanjeni, ubude abangama-700 m. Kutshanje, eli unyango amdaka yagqitywa. Kodwa kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo sakhiwa kwisakhiwo esitsha channel kweentsholongwane. Kukho olunye amanzi okuhlamba na iintsholongwane yi UV. Emva kwale unyango emanzini sibulawa amagciwane ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Oko kukuthi, izibonelelo zonyango amanzi Moscow kumlambo kuphalaza ngoku Kuryanovskoy kuphela kakuhle ukucocwa, kodwa decontaminated ngokupheleleyo. Oku kunegalelo ukuphucuka okubonakalayo imeko yokusingqongileyo kwikomkhulu.

Intlanzi kwisiteshi

Umgangatho wamanzi amdaka kwisikhululo Kuryanovskoy, elawula umsebenzi LLC "Vodokanal" (eMoscow), ngokwenene kwelona nqanaba liphezulu. Oku kungqinwa ubuncinane kukuba kwi complex offtake channel uhlala nje isixa esikhulu iintlanzi. Lwakuba nje babenza ngokuloba ezininzi abahlali balapha. Noko ke, akunjalo kwakudala, umnyango ukuya kwisikhululo yavalwa ku bangaphandle. Umyalelo apha ngoku bemlalele abalindi, ukungavumeli ummandla hayi nje abalandeli bayakuloba intlanzi, kodwa kananjalo nabafana bendawo.

iphunga

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, naziphi na iingxaki ezinxulumene ne izibonelelo zonyango, Muscovites abakhetha ukuhlala kwindawo Printers, musa uvavanyo. Kodwa kude kutshanje ummandla loo nto lonke okwilizwe kwaqhenqetha nevumba elibi kakhulu ivuza. Ngo-2012, emva kokuba izikhalazo ezininzi lwabahlali kulawulo wesithili kunye eMoscow, isigqibo senziwa kwi kuvuselelwa esitishini. Ngenxa yoko, egumbini ukwamkelwa ibekwe emnyango, phantse bonke ubuso yambathiswa kunye negilasi ephilayo.

Thintela ukwanda ivumba evela clarifiers lokuqala nawo isonjululwe esebenzisa inshorensi. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, iimakhishithi ezimbiwa asetyenziselwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izikhongozeli avalwa ezineziciko ezimbini - isikhitshane Incopho kunye cantilever eliphezulu. Kuryanovskoy Wastewater Treatment Plant - omnye kuphela entsonkothileyo ehlabathini, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa uyilo olusebenzayo angabizi hlobo. Abanye sele ngokungaphelelanga kutshatyalaliswa abahlala apha ekuhambeni maxesha sele ziphelisiwe.