Uyilo elabiwe: injongo kunye neentlobo

Wonke umntu uqhelene ingqiqo wamaxabiso - kunokuthi kubonwe ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, ingakumbi zobunjineli. Ukwehla - yinkqubo ekuvumela ukuba simunce, ukuze uhlawule inxalenye impembelelo ebangelwa umzimba mnye okanye amandla phezu komnye umzimba. Lo mgaqo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi: ukusuka ukunciphisa impembelelo yezithuthi kwi imoto phambi kokuba kuthathelwa wear akhawunti nokukrazuka kwishishini.

Noko ke, kweli nqaku siza ke asithethi ngqo malunga lixabiso nezinto ezifana gear idrafti. Ukuba uninzi lwabantu sivile malunga absorbers umothuko, apha zixhobo kwabaninzi inokuba i ezintsha. Isibakala sokuba gear idrafti - sisixhobo ezizodwa kakhulu, nto leyo ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi koololiwe. Kwesi sigaba, le ndlela kubaluleke kakhulu, ifakwe kuzo zonke iimoto, kodwa unako ziyahluka iintlobo ukufunxeka. Oku yintoni eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku. Zeziphi iintlobo lezixhobo yaye yintoni iinjongo ukuba isetyenziswe ngezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo?

Yintoni na?

Into yokuqala baqonde ukuba idrafti gear kwaye ezo abawusebenzisayo. Ngenxa yoko, ifowuni ilungiselelwe ukuba ahlawule okanye simunce (ngoko ke kuthiwa) inxalenye amandla lwempembelelo agciniweyo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ukungakhuseleki kwi imikhosi ezahlukeneyo kuquka njengotsaleko ucinezelo, kukwisakhelo imoto apho lifakwe. njani gear idrafti? Ngaphakathi isixhobo kukho ukuxhathisa, oguqula amandla entshukumo kwezinye imikhosi Musani ukubaphatha kakubi imoto. Ngoko, ubukho isixhobo esinjalo imoto - akukho lukhetho, njengemfuneko, kungenjalo imikhosi eziphembelela inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu ekwakhiweni, nto leyo iza kuqulatha imiphumo ebuhlungu. Njengoko ngokuba iintlobo izixhobo ingqondo, apho kukho kakhulu inani elikhulu, kodwa hayi bonke bephela bandile. Eli nqaku liza ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha iintlobo eziphambili kunye neziphumo zazo, kwakunye bachatshazelwa iintlobo ngaphantsi ezithandwayo nezixhobo.

Alahle imithombo

izixhobo ngoku eqhelekileyo ezifana, ngokomzekelo, lubamba umatshini RT-120, kodwa oko akuthethi ukusebenzisa ngumthombo njengoko bekunjalo ekuqaleni. Izixhobo unalo iinkcukacha zilandelayo:

• uhlobo isixhobo: kunobunye.
• stroke benani 120 iimilimitha.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ubuninzi 90 kJ.
• Ubomi nkonzo (ukuze alungise): Iminyaka eli-16.
• Ubomi nkonzo iyonke: engama-32.

Ekuqaleni, ezi zixhobo kuphela kwentwasahlobo, kodwa ekugqibeleni baye endaweni luncedo lula, kodwa kakhulu ngakumbi isixhobo esebenza kakuhle. Kwakukho iingxaki ezimbalwa, noboya bokuqala kwabo imithombo kakhulu bahlehla. Oko kukuthi, ukuba bafakwe kakuhle kumandla entshukumo, kodwa wanikela phantse kakhulu kuyo njengoko okuncedisana eziluncedo kwabo. Okwesibini, ukuze ukuba isebenze ngokuchanekileyo iimoto, ke kuyimfuneko ukwenza imveliso enkulu kakhulu, kunokuthiwa enkulu, benjenjalo ziyalahlwa. power Low yayibaluleke, ngenxa yokuba ezinye izixhobo Wayengenako ukwenza na ngaphantsi kwe intwasahlobo ngempumelelo, kodwa Ngokomzi kakhulu ngakumbi. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba lo mzuzu zisetyenziswa iimoto, izixhobo ezifana nesixhobo ebangel PT-120, kunye neemodeli spring zisetyenziswa kuphela izixhobo buffer.

izixhobo Spring-ukukhuhlana

Noko ke, into yokuba izixhobo emthonjeni hayi owoyamaniswe neze ummandla omnye akuthethi ukuba amalungiselelo enjalo engasekho asetyenziswe kweli candelo. Bathi nje baba kakuhle kakhulu, ngoko zadalwa izixhobo spring-zochuku ekuhamba kuyo isiphumo engundoqo iimpikiswano zochuku intshukumo, lo gama imithombo yi kuphela uqi umsebenzi olongezelelweyo, oko kukuthi, bona kuphela uxanduva amandla kunokuba namandla entshukumo. Makhe sihlolisise kusebenza njani na oku. Umzekelo, iminyaka idrafti iiseyile luthatha amandla agciniweyo evela ingozi yokuba zizisu ezimbini. Ukuqala ukuchonga incazelo ye device:

• unit ubunzima: hayi ngaphezulu kwe 165 kilograms.
• unit ikhosi eyakhayo: 90 iimilimitha.
• Amandla Amandla wesiqhelo 110 kJ.
• Amandla Amandla ubuninzi 130 kJ.
• Amandla zokuqinisa yokuqala: 230 KN.
• Ukuvala amandla static: 1600 KN.
• Ubomi nkonzo iyonke: engama-32.
• Ubomi nkonzo phambi ukungcitywa: Iminyaka eli-16.

Emva ekwenzeni igalelo kwiziphumo iye ingabi bahlehla amandla imithombo kunye entshukumo amandla zochuku (okt ukukhuhlana) kunye amandla enokubakho deformation ye emthonjeni. Oku kwaba ngaphezulu kwe ikufanele uphelelo kweemoto, ngoko zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Ngoku yonke indawo ungakwazi ukuba ahlangabezane izixhobo 73ZW ebangel kunye nezinye ezifanayo. iimpawu zobugcisa isixhobo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• unit ubunzima: 214 kg.
• unit ikhosi eyakhayo: 90 mm.
• Iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza kugcwala + 50 ° C ukuba -60 ° C.
• Imilinganiselo: ubude - 625 mm Ububanzi - 318 mm, ukuphakama - 230 mm.
• Amandla okokuqala ukuqinisa torque: 200 KN.
• Amandla yokuvalwa weyunithi: 1600 KN.

Izinto eziluncedo izixhobo yasentwasahlobo-ukukhuhlana

izixhobo Spring-zochuku ifakiwe kwi iimoto ixesha elide kwaye usebenzise unanamhla. Ezinye iintlobo izixhobo ezikhoyo, kodwa olu hlobo yenye yezona ixhaphakileyo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Okokuqala, kuba lula. Okwesibini, ukufakelwa ukufunxa iingcinga olu hlobo ilula kwaye inkqubo elula. imilinganiso yabo mincinci kakhulu izixhobo spring, ngoko nokuhlala izixhobo iinqwelo kulula ukufaka kwaye musa ukuba ubunzima ekugcinweni elizayo. Ukongeza, Kakade ke, makuqatshelwe Ukwahluka kunye noyilo olusisiseko kwezi zixhobo.

imishini hydraulic

Iiklasi aphezulu izixhobo zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kwaye kubo kukho olunye uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu. izixhobo hydraulic ngomfanekiso izenzo kwahluka kakhulu emthonjeni-zochuku, njengoko uthathe ngokwesiseko kulwelo olunika ukunceda eliphezulu kwabo. Le fowuni ine-orifice ukukala ngokufanelekileyo. Uhamba ke ukuba owawunqumla kulwelo damping. Ezi Ekungeneni ukuxhuma kunye nemingxuma emibini zizaliswe ngezi nge-zicatshulwa, kuxhomekeka umthwalo. Ngenxa yoko, oko kudala ukumelana efanayo ilastiki, okusebenzayo ngempumelelo nokuba kwi impela Punch enamandla.

Ekuqaleni, kwakukho ingxaki encinane, nto leyo ke loo nto ilulwelo ngokukhawuleza ukubuyela endaweni yalo, ngoko isixhobo esinjalo kwakhokelela ayekelele oziphosileyo, oko kukuthi, abo zihlandlo xa ulwelo kwigumbi elinye akazange abe ixesha flow kungena omnye ukunciphisa komnquma imoto . Kungenxa yoko le nto na ixesha nkulu uxhathiso kwilastiki kwi koomatshini hydraulic baqala ukusebenzisa igesi egalelwe. Ukulungiswa zikwazi iingcinga olu hlobo isuntswana ngakumbi kunzima yaye kuziindleko, kodwa ukusebenzisa kwabo yinkqubo ephumelelayo lula. Le yunithi ithathwa sikreqile ukuba ukuvuza elibhaqiweyo fluid, ukutshintsha ikhondo okanye wear ngokugqithiseleyo.

Njani ekuqengqelekeni koomatshini hydraulic?

Ukuba sicinga imoto ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi unit ebangel, kubalulekile ukuba ayeke ngakumbi kwi-siseko ukusebenza kwalo sixhobo. amanzi ukuthambisa njani otshayayo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ibonelelwa physics, ngokuba lexinene viscosity kwamanzi inika ngentlawulelo kunye entshukumo Ukunciphisa amandla impembelelo leyo ilahlekileyo kwinkqubo edlula ulwelo ngexesha yokulwa nokunyanzelisa kwigumbi ezikufutshane ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezizodwa. Ngoko ke, lo coupler isixhobo ebangel, imoto kunye nezinye nto inokuba hydraulically, ngokuba wahlela nokuba nzima kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwegesi egalelwe kulo mzekelo ungayikhetha. Kodwa kule kweziyobisi ukumelana ulwelo banda izihlandlo eziliqela, kwakunye nokukhawulezisa ukubuyela kwimeko yalo yantlandlolo ukwenza stroke elandelayo.

unit ngamandla Energy

Xa siqwalasela iiseyile idrafti, enye iparameter ibalulekileyo-mhlaba amandla, yaye loo nto kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo indawo yokuqala. Le parameter imele umlinganiselo wamandla agciniweyo onako ukufunxa isixhobo ukugqibezela sezulu ucinezelo damping, ngamanye ukuya mzuzu xa ifowuni ayikho nako ukufunxa wothuka ngakumbi. Ngako oko, le elikhulu inani, ngcono. Imithombo babe ukusetyenziswa amandla ephantsi kakhulu, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba akukho asetyenziswa iimoto ezinkulu, apho amandla nefuthe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu Oluma emthonjeni, ethintela amandla elincinane kakhulu. Kwakhona sinikele ingqalelo yokuba izixhobo badalwe ngendlela yokuba amandla kwikinetiki kwelifunekayo ngokupheleleyo - kufuneka ibe umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wamandla ezinokuthi ukubuyela ifowuni kwindawo yayo yokuqala. Yiyo loo nto i-gas egalelwe lisetyenziswa koomatshini hydraulic njengoko Bulelani ezifunekayo kuye na amandla kakhulu entshukumo ukuya kulwelo ukubuyela sikhundla iqala.

Ezinye iintlobo izixhobo

ezi ntlobo ezichazwe-ngentla iplanethi izixhobo kuphela - apho kukho ezininzi, kodwa, njengoko watshoyo ekuqaleni, apho kuza kuchazwa kuphela ethandwa kakhulu. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba kubalulekile ukuqaphela elastomeric idrafti nezixhobo, nayo leyo has a kuthandwa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka xa kufakwa iinqwelo. Olu hlobo phantse kanye replicates kudizwe oomatshini hydraulic, kodwa umahluko ophambili kukuba endaweni amanzi eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo wamkrwitsha ngokusebenzisa imingxuma ukukala kwezi zixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ulwelo eyodwa elastomeric nge viscosity eliphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo eyandisa lokusebenzisa amandla, kodwa lukhuni efanayo kulondolozo, kwaye yandisa indleko. Kwakhona ayikwazi izakulahlwa kwaye izixhobo zochuku ezijongwa izixhobo lweziqalelo elastic. Bathi Ukunciphisa amandla agciniweyo kwenzeka ngenxa deformation eziqalelo ngenxa ivuse zabo. Ekubeni uhlobo enjalo komhlaba sele sifundile, xa ufunda malunga kwisixhobo ezifana nezixhobo spring-kunobunye.

imishini zihlangene

Kwakhona sifanele sithethe malunga izixhobo zidityanisiwe, omnye umzekelo eseyiphantse uhlobo iqhelekileyo - entwasahlobo-kunobunye. Ngamafutshane, ukuba izixhobo idibene zezo ezidibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo wamaxabiso. Kulo hlobo mzekelo, intlakohlaza kunobunye. Ukuhlanganiswa ngaloo zinokohluka. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwinqaku, ukuhlanganiswa ifuthe imithombo nezinto zochuku wamnika ngaphezu HIV. Yile hlobo odityanisiweyo we izithuthi yeyona edumileyo. Kule ndawo msebenzi kuvunyelwe, asizizo zonke iintlobo yokudibanisa iindidi ezimbini iplanethi izixhobo. Umzekelo elula ukuhlanganiswa elastomer kunye ihydraulic izixhobo ngenxa yokuba ngokufanayo kwaye zahluke ngokuyimfuneko kuphela ulwelo esetyenziswa enkonzweni yawo.

Ukukhetha lwemoto

Yintoni ekufuneka ukukhetha ifowuni ukuphumeza le njongo? Okokuqala, ndithanda ukubalula le parameter engundoqo izixhobo aphezulu - intsebenziso yabo amandla. Kwenza akukho mqondo ukufaka umatshini amandla ophezulu iimoto okanye ezinye izinto ngamandla ephantsi kwikinetiki le ngesibetho, njengoko iya waphawula iindleko ezinkulu ngaphandle ekuphuculeni intsebenzo. Kwakhona, kulo naliphi na ityala ayikwazi ukubeka izixhobo kunye power ephantsi izinto ziphantsi zizothuso kakhulu, kuba amandla umatshini kukuba nje ukuba oziphosileyo kukufakwa imali efunekayo wamandla, kwaye uqhankqalazo ziya kufumana babomelele ngakumbi kuyavumeleka ngokungqinelana nemigaqo emiselwe.

Kakade ke, zikho nezinye iindlela ukuba kuhle ukunikela ingqalelo, ezifana uzinzo, oko kukuthi, inani ufunxe ngempumelelo uyothuka ngokunxulumene inani lawo elipheleleyo okanye ixabiso yamandla lisenza ephumayo, apho ixabiso ngokupheleleyo ukufunxa isixhobo kwaye isetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo ukubuyela yokuqala yayo sikhundla. Ezi parameters ingqalelo ngamnye ukwenzela iprojekthi nganye kuya kuvunyelwana phambi kokukhetha uhlobo oluthile idrafti kubuywa ngokungqinelana yonke imilinganiselo kunye neemfuneko.