Izigaba ezine ezibonakalisa ukuveliswa kwemali yehlabathi

Namhlanje, inkqubo yezemali yamazwe ngamazwe yinkqubo enzima, ekhulayo nokuguqula. Ngokwemvelo, amazwe angundoqo awanike le nto okanye loo vector, ebonisa ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zezimali zehlabathi, ngamazwe anezoqoqosho. Oku akumangalisi, kuba le nxalenye yabadlali kuzo zonke iimarike zehlabathi ezineenzuzo eziyinhloko kwigolide kunye nemali.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuguqulwa kweenkqubo zezimali zehlabathi kubandakanya izigaba ezine ezipheleleyo, ezisekelwe kwiinkqubo ezine ezahlukeneyo zobudlelwane bezemali. Isigaba sokuqala sophuhliso, ngokuchanekileyo, isigaba sokubunjwa, siye saba yinkqubo ye-standard standard yegolide. Ngaphantsi kweli nkqubo, nayiphi na imali eyayiqhutywe kwimarike yasekhaya (amazwe amaninzi) ingafakwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwigolide. Ulwalamano olunjalo luye lwavela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwenzeka malunga nokuphela kwekhulu le-19. Kucacile ukuba zonke izigaba zokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zezimali zehlabathi, kubandakanywa nomgangatho wegolide, zineenkcukacha ezithile. Kule meko, le nto: iyunithi nganye yemali inomxholo wayo othile kwixabiso elifanayo legolide; Ukuguqulwa kwemali kwigolide kwenzeke, bobabini ngaphakathi kwelizwe nangaphandle kwayo; Ukubunjwa kwembambano ecacileyo phakathi kweendawo zokugcina zegolide kunye neentlawulo zemali ezihambelanayo . Izigaba ezinjalo ekuphuhlisweni kwenkqubo yezemali yelizwe zithetha ireyithi echanekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba kuqaphele ukuba izinga elimisiweyo malunga nexesha lokuphuhliswa kobudlelwane boqoqosho lulahlekelwe intsingiselo yalo kwaye latshintshwa yinkqubo yokunxibelelana.

Isigaba sesibini, esiye sabona ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yemali yehlabathi, yayiyizinga legolide. Ingundoqo yale nkqubo iyancitshiswa ukuba kubekho ukutshintshiselana kwemali kwi-mottos ebizwa ngokuba yii-checks, iindleko zokutshintshiselana, amanqaku eebhanki kwamanye amazwe, nawo angatshintshwa ngqo kwigolide. Eli nqanaba, eliqhubekele phambili uphuhliso olongezelelweyo lwenkqubo yezemali yehlabathi, yamkelwa yilizwe lehlabathi kwiNkomfa yaseGenos, eyayibanjwe ngo-1922. Njengoko uyazi, i- bhili yaseBrithani kwaye, ngokwemvelo, idoli yase-US inikwe inxaxheba yendima yesiqubulo ngeli xesha. Kususela ngaloo ndlela kubakho ukulawulwa kwezi currenti kwiimarike zehlabathi.

Isigaba esilandelayo, esasiyi-system yezemali, yayiqhelekileyo yegolide neyemali. Le nkqubo yenziwa phantsi koxinzelelo lweemeko eziguqukayo zokusebenza koqoqosho lwehlabathi ngeli xesha le-30s ukuya kuma-50 yekhulu lokugqibela. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, ngokusemthethweni, i-jure, le nkqubo yenziwa ngokusemthethweni ngowe-1944 kwi-American Bretton Woods. Kule meko, iindleko zemali zatshintshwe ngokuthe ngqo, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwegolide, eyaba yinto ebalulekileyo yolu hlobo lwenxulumano lwemali yehlabathi. Kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba igolide ngexesha lophuhliso, kwakunye nakwiiyathelo elidlulileyo lokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zezimali zehlabathi, ligcine umsebenzi walo wokubaluleka kunye nokuhlaliswa kokugqibela phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo.

Uninzi lweengxaki zehlabathi, ingakumbi ingxaki yamandla ngowe-1974, ekugqibeleni kwaye yatshintshi ngokucacileyo inkqubo yeBretton Woods. Ngowe-1976, ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yemali yehlabathi kwanyuka kwinqanaba lokugqibela, ubuncinane kwinqanaba langoku lokuphuhliswa. Isici esahlukileyo sale nqanaba kukupheliswa komsebenzi wegolide njengeyunithi yemali. Kuye kwandlela ngandlela-thile ixabiso lezinto eziqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngaloo mzuzwana kwindlela eyayibizwa ngokuba yintlawulelo yokutshintshiselana, esiyibonayo namhlanje.