Umgangatho weGolide: imbali, isitshixo

Umgangatho weGolide yinqanaba lokugqibela lokuphuhliswa kwazo zonke iinguqu zegolide zeentengo. Le yinkqubo yokugqibela, apho umntu nje ubuncinane wayenethuba lokutshintshela imali yakhe yephepha ngegolide yangempela. Ngelishwa, umgangatho wawunemiphumo embi, ekugqibeleni eyakhokelela ekubeni zonke ihlabathi zishiya.

Imbali yemigangatho yegolide

Nangona abantu besetyenziselwa iimali ezivela kwiintsimbi ezinqabileyo kuninzi kwimbali yayo, kuphela kwi-18 ye-18 yokuqala yokuqala yemigangatho yegolide yamkelwa ngokusemthethweni. Kancinci, wenza utshintsho oluthile, kwaye ekugqibeleni amazwe ehlabathi, ukuphepha ingxaki yemali, washiya inkqubo enjalo. Ukususela kwimilinganiselo yegolide yegolide, ekupheleni, kuphela ukubhekisela kwintsimbi exabisekileyo. Kwaye ekugqibeleni wanyamalala.

Iimpawu zefayili yemali yegolide

Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yezemali luchaza ukuhamba ngokukhululeka kweemali zombini zegolide kunye namaphepha ebhanki. Bakwazi ukutshintshaniswa nanini na umnini ngokukhawuleza ngegolide, ngokulinganayo nenani leendlela ezicacisiweyo zokubala. Umgangatho onjalo wawuboniswa ukuzinza okukhulu nokuthembeka, kodwa kukho neengxaki ezibalulekileyo.

Ngoko, umzekelo, kwakungenayo igolide ngokwaneleyo, inani labantu ehlabathini liye landa, kwaye emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala kwagqitywa ukuba yishiye inkqubo ngokubhekiselele kwelinye eliphambili. Njengoko uyakubona, bekuyimfazwe yehlabathi ekhokelela ekugqibeleni ngokukhawuleza kwesikhonkwane segolide. Iingcali ezininzi zidibanisa zombini utshintsho kwinkqubo yezemali yehlabathi, kunye ne-economic jerks, kunye neendlela ezibonakalayo zoshishino zamazwe ahlukeneyo ngqo neengxabano zomhlaba, okwenza kube yimfuneko ukuhlaziywa ngokutsha yonke into ebekhona ngaphambili.

Ixabiso leGold Standard

Le yenguqu ye sibini yesikimu sokwenza indawo yokuhlala. Ngokwale qhinga, izinga legolide kunye negolide, umgangatho wegolide kunye nomgangatho weegolide zeehadi, kusenokuba kugcinwe ithuba lokutshintsha imali ngensimbi yesigxina. Enyanisweni, ngoku kwakukho umqobo omkhulu, owawubandakanya ukuba intshintsho ingenziwa kuphela kwiingots zesayizi ethile kunye nexabiso. Le ndlela ikhutshwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwintlu yalabo abafuna ukufumana igolide ezandleni zabo bonke abazange bakwazi ukuyihlawula. Ixabiso le-ingot enjalo laliphezulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kuphela yinkqubo ende yokuqokelela okanye inemali ephezulu kakhulu umntu wayenethuba "lokuziva" isinyithi esixabisekileyo.

Enyanisweni, le nto yayifumaneka kwinqanaba elincinci labantu, kodwa le ndlela ayizange iphelise ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yokunqongophala kweendawo zegolide, kuba amaninzi amazwe ayengenakho ukufikelela kwiindawo ezincinci zendalo ezincinci. Ngenxa yoko, kukho isidingo sokwenza utshintsho oluthile.

Umgangatho weGolide

Kwakule nqanaba ukuba yonke imbali yenkqubo iphelile, ingqalelo ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezinqabileyo zetsimbi. Kwakunokugqibela, kwaye abantu abaqhelekileyo sele bengenakufikeleleka. Kutshabalalise ngokufutshane, ngowe-1976. Kwaye kwaba khona ixesha elifutshane, ngaphantsi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ukususela ngo-1944, xa iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yayiphelile.

Inkqubo yemali yemigangatho yegolide neyegolide yayiyinkqubo apho zonke iirhafu zibophelelwe ngemali enye-i-dollar yase-US. Yaye kuphela le mali inokutshintshaniswa ngegolide, kwaye ke ngoko yodwa ngemibutho emikhulu yeebhanki. Indoda elula yayinqatshelwe elo thuba. Kwexesha elithile ukuzinza koqoqosho kulondoloze imeko, kodwa kancane kancane inani leedola liye landa kangangokuba izitokho ezikhoyo azizange zanele ngokwaneleyo ukubonelela zonke iindlela zokuhlawula. Ngenxa yoko, lo mgangatho waqedwa.

I-Pros & Cons of Standards

Kwinqununu yalo, igolide yegolide, igolide kunye negolide, imilinganiselo yegolide yindlela yokuhambisa isitye esibalulekileyo phakathi kwabemi behlabathi. Abantu abaninzi, igolide elingaphantsi komntu wonke. Simele sitshintshe, silungise kwaye senze into ethile. Ukwahlula kokuqala, okwakusetyenziswe uluntu kwiinkoliso zembali yayo, unomnye omkhulu kunye - wonke ummi omnye wabantu beliphi na ilizwe uhlale eyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unomlinganiselo othile wemali ongeke uhambe kuyo. Enyanisweni, akukho nkathazo yezemali yehlabathi, iimfazwe kunye nokunye okunjalo akunakunciphisa imali kule meko.

Ukwahlula okwesibini komgangatho kusalokhu kugcinwa izibonelelo ezifanayo, kodwa apha zifumaneka kuphela kwinani elincinci labantu. Kwaye emva kokutshintshwa kwangoko, xa umgangatho wegolide ubonakala, imingcipheko yaba yinto ehlabathini lonke kangangokuba umntu ocebileyo akanako ukufumana isinyithi esibalulekileyo ezandleni zakhe. Oku kungenzeka ukuba uhlala kuphela kumaziko amakhulu ebhanki. Ngelo xesha, ukulahleka kwegolide kwandiswe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ekugqibeleni kwanyanzeleka ukuba inqabe ukubopha nayiphina imali kule nsimbi eyigugu.

Imeko yangoku

Emva kokuba kwacaca ukuba umgangatho wegolide awunakuyicombulula ingxaki, kodwa wawushiya ngaphandle kwithuba elide kakhulu, kwagqitywa ekubeni ulahle izibalo kwigolide ngokubanzi. Phantse zonke iihlabathi ezikhokelayo zehlabathi zivumelene nale maxesha ahlukeneyo, ezinye zibeka nje phambi kweqiniso. Ngoku amaxabiso emali ajikelezayo, kuxhomekeke kwimiba eninzi yezinto eziza kuba neengcali ezinamava amaninzi kulo mhlaba akunakuze zibonise ukuba ireyithi iya kuhamba nini.

Imeko efana ngoku kunye neendleko zempahla eyahlukileyo. Ukuba kwangaphambili ixabiso labo liye lenziwa ngokusekelwe kwiindleko ezipheleleyo zokudala, ukuthutha, ukugcinwa, umvuzo, njalo njalo, ngoku zonke ezi zikhokelo zisekondari. Kwaye kwindawo yokuqala kwafika umgaqo wokuba ubuninzi bempahla enikeziweyo lukulungele ukuhlawula. Enyanisweni, indleko yeyona nto nayiphi na imveliso yanamhlanje ayifanelekanga isahlulo seshumi semali esiyiceliwe. Kodwa ngelixa kukho abantu abakulungele ukuhlawula imali eceliwe kule mpahla, imeko ayiyi kutshintsha.