Izinga lenzala: iimo kunye neentlobo kwesantya senzala

Mhlawumbi akukho olubonisa uqoqosho lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuhlolo Dynamics zonaniso lwangaphandle, njengoko izinga lenzala. Umahluko phakathi kwenzala ngenxa kwemali, okt umahluko wenzala yeyona nto iphambili ekumiseleni umtsalane iimali amabini, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, amandla imfuno imali nganye. Kwi kwiimalike zemali , kukho iindidi ezininzi kwenzala, leyo ezihambelanayo.

Ingcamango izinga lenzala

Kufuneka uqale kwenkcazo "inzala". Ipesenti imele isabelo inzuzo efunyanwa umbolekisi ukusuka mboleki imali-nkunzi, kuthathwa njenge-mboleko. Imvelaphi cent - ixabiso surplus ukuba idaliwe yi ukusetyenziswa imali mboleko.

Umyinge wenzala yi kumiselwa ngokungqinelana nemiqathango ethile yokusetyenziswa kwemali-mboleko, kwaye kananjalo into ngetyala emali kunye ngokomgaqo Central Bank. Kulo mzekelo, izinga lenzala negalelo okanye outflow okanye imali ekungeneni of capital kurhwebo lwangaphakathi. Ukuhamba of capital imali eliphezulu, kunye nentshukumo yabo phakathi zesizwe imali ezibonisa kwenzala. Inzala yolamlo sisixhobo esisetyenziswayo ukulungelelanisa iireyithi ezahlukeneyo kazwelonke. Ukuze nokuphuma kwemali enjalo asichaphazeli nje arbitrage inzala, kodwa nokunyuka kwemali.

Ngokutsho utshintsho izimvo umyinge wenzala classical ngenxa ifuthe izinga leengeniso. Eyona umyinge wenzala yi ibekwe kwaye uzimisele ngumdla sonikezelo kunye nemfuno. Ngenxa yoko, ubonelelo kunye nemfuno zigqitywa inani elikhulu eziliqela, kuquka iqondo nempembelelo karhulumente kuqoqosho, isigaba yophuhliso loqoqosho, imiba yangaphandle, umgaqo-nkqubo we-Central Bank njalo njalo.

Kukho nezinye izinto ezichaphazela ixabiso izinga lenzala:

• iirhafu;

• ubungozi credit ;

• izinga kulindeleke kwamaxabiso;

• izinga lotshintshiselwano iintshukumo njalo njalo.

kwenzala ebekwe yi-Central Bank, kuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo, ngoncedo apho lwangaphandle kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo zangaphakathi. Isiseko amazinga kwimarike imali yiyo umyinge isaphulelo okanye izinga yangoku umdla kwimisebenzi yebhanki engundoqo. kwiibhanki zorhwebo, ngokumisela inzala ekuzuzeni ukuba amazinga ye-Central Bank of lizwe.

Types of kwesantya senzala

Kwicandelo logcino isebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo kwenzala. , Inzala adjustable ngqo kuqala. Okwesibini, amaqondo enzala kwiimalike zoqoqosho nohlulwe ezibhankini kwifandesi.

kwenzala kwimali-mboleko kunye needipozithi ukuba nohlulwe inzala kwimali-mboleko abantu bendalo kunye amaqumrhu asemthethweni, neinsayderam kunye wangaphakathi.

Kwimeko-bume kwamaxabiso, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi iingqiqo ezifana yokwenene kunye lomyinge wenzala yesiqhelo. Phantsi umyinge wesiqhelo umdla ukuqonda oku, ukubalwa leyo azithathelwa emali akhawunti. Xa isigqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemali mboleko yeyona yokwenene umyinge wenzala ludlala indima ebalulekileyo.

Kwakhona, inzala umahluko kubume kunye indima engundoqo kunye nezasesekondari, ngokwemigqaliselo ye intengiselwano - ixesha elide kwaye elifutshane. Izinga lenzala inakho ezidadayo ize ilungiswe, oko aliguqukanga. Lencopho umyinge wenzala yi njengephepha ebhankini kunye credit kwiintengiselwano. Iyimfuneko ukuze kubuyekezelwe iilahleko abagcinisa kunye yebhanki. nokusebenzisa kwabo ivumela-mali ukuqinisekisa ukunyuka kwengeniso ngokutsho imeko kwimarike, kwaye ibhanki likuvumela ukuba uzikhusele ngokwakho yokwenyuka amazinga inzala kwimali-mboleko kwixa elizayo.