Izinto zentlalo anthropogenesis: intsebenziswano iqela, impilo ... Abaqhubi anthropogenes

Ukuba uyakholwa Darwin wathi abantu bavela ezinkawini. Ukuba ngokutsha amaphecana zonqulo, ngoko yonke ehlabathini, kuquka abantu, uThixo wadala. Kwaye ukuba babuyele kuphando lwakutshanje, kusenokwenzeka ukuba isilwanyana abantu bavela kwenye abameli yolwandle. Mhlawumbi, uya kuba kukho eninzi uluntu luya kuba siphikise malunga nemvelaphi okwenyaniso Homo sapiens. Kodwa imibandela yezentlalo anthropogenesis kudala kwaziwa kwinzululwazi, ngoko kufuneka siqwalasele kubo.

Yintoni anthropogeny?

Into yokuqala kufuneka luqalwe, le nkcazelo iingqiqo. Akukho data noluthembakeleyo ngenkqubela-imvelaphi umntu wokuqala, kodwa inzululwazi yenza kube lula ukufumana inkqubo yophuhliso yayo kunye nokwenziwa kwanokuchithwa. kwemvelo - ke ukubunjwa kwabantu kwinkqubo zazivelela. Oku kuquka uphuhliso ngokwasemzimbeni, ukuvela yokuthetha, ukudalwa izixhobo kunye nendlela kusetyenziswana yokuhlala. Ngenxa yale nkqubo, umntu akwazi ohlulwe kwabanye ezanyisayo kwaye baqalisa ukukhulisa izakhono njengomntu, iintlobo ngamnye ezikrelekrele.

Imfundiso anthropogenesis kakhulu ephilileyo ngokwesayensi imfundiso Darwin yendaleko. Kwemvelo ezinye izinto ahlukile le anthropogenesis yabantu. Eyokuqala ulawulwa kuphela imithetho yendalo. Man, echasene kule mithetho, ndakwazi ukuze baphuhlise iitalente zabo kwaye uzisebenzise practice, ukutshintsha bume ukuze zilungele iimfuno zakho.

izinto key

kwemvelo - inkqubo lokuba abantu. Kodwa ke njengokuba uyazi, abantu - ntle yoluntu, ngoko ke uphuhliso yayo iphenjelelwa kuphela imiba nokomzimba. Ngoko ke, ngethuba zazivelela kwakukho ukhetho zendalo eye wavumela basinda abantu anamandla kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuye kwakhokelela yokugqithisela yemfuza zomeleleyo yaphando kwisizukulwana ngasinye. Le yenye yezona zinto zibe eziphilayo ukuba idlale indima enkulu lokuqala anthropogenesis. Le nkqubo iye unike umntu ithuba lokuba zikhule ngokomzimba, ukuba zomelele yaye naphaya.

Kwelinye icala, Friedrich Engels wachaza ukuba ukuvela iintlobo zinabasebenzi kuphenjelelwa zentlalo imiba anthropogenesis. Ezi ziquka:

• Sicinga.
• Speech.
• Employment.
• Umnqweno bahlala ngokwamaqela.

Izinto zendalo nezentlalo anthropogenesis kwenziwa "ukusuka umntu lwenkawu." Ngelo xesha xa utshintsho lwemozulu, sinciphise iindawo ehlathini, Homo sapiens kwafuneka ukuba ukuziqhelanisa: ukuma ngemilenze (bipedalism), ukwenza izixhobo ukufumana ukutya, ukuze zenze amaqela ukuze bazikhusele kumarhamncwa.

izigaba anthropogenesis

Ukuba indoda ethatha million eminyaka. Ukususela mzuzu xa kuqala lwenkawu ngeenyawo zawo, ukuya kwindawo apho baqala ukungena kwi qela, kwaqengqeleka amawaka eminyaka. Ngokubanzi, ukulandelelana anthropogenesis angohlulwa ngezigaba ezithathu eziphambili:

1. izinyanya Anthropoid. Ezi ziquka obeku-, ukuba unako ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwi imilenze yomibini ezisezantsi ukusebenzisa izinto ezilula, ezifana amatye, izinti, amathambo.
2. Paleoanthropes. Okanye abantu bamandulo. Baye bahlala ngokwamaqela amancinane (uluntu) ziye ingcamango yintoni ukuzingela, wafunda ukwenza izixhobo izinto ezilula, babehlala emiqolombeni bakwazi ukwenza umlilo. Ngaphandle into efana nendoda.
3. Neanthropines. Isakhiwo somzimba ngokupheleleyo ngokuhambelana kunye nendoda mihla. Bona babe izakhono zonxibelelwano kwakudala. Ngaphandle ngokuzingela, kuvunwa iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Wayeyazi indlela yokwakha izindlu, imizobo eludongeni epeyintwe, ukususela izikhumba zezilwanyana ezifileyo sikhe.

imibandela yezentlalo anthropogenesis

Anthropogenesis ayikho inkqubo ngokulandelelanayo kwaye agudileyo, kwinqanaba ngalinye yayo abunjwe noko imisinga ephuhlisa ngokwahlukileyo enye kwenye. Ngaphezu koko, ngalinye bentshukumo iba ingcambu unobangela ukuvela iindlela ezintsha zophuhliso. Ngoko ke, xa kukho umgudu joint, kwabakho imfuneko ukuncokola, ukulawula izenzo zabo. Emva koko indoda wasungula ulwimi. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi kwabangel eyahlukileyo, kwaye ngethuba imbali, abantu baye bakwazi ukuba ukusuka kwintetho ekubhaleni. A ulwimi ebhaliweyo kuye zizaliswe epithets, izikweko, imithetho kunye namanye amathuba kwe binzana.

Konke oku kwaba Bulelani kunokwenzeka ukuba zazivelela yeemeko zentlalo. Xa iyonke kukho izinto ezine lwentlalo zaba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu lokuqala anthropogenesis. Ezi ziquka:

• Indawo yokuhlala e qela.
• Ukuphucula izinto zokusebenza.
• umsebenzi yabasebenzi Iyonke.
• Ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zomsebenzi.

Ngoku khangela nganye ngokweenkcukacha.

Indawo yokuhlala e kwiqela

Emva kokuba le ndoda phezu uneenyawo ezimbini, waqonda ukuba ikhuseleke kakhulu ukuhlanganisa kunye ngohlobo lwazo. Group nentsebenziswano eye wavumela abantu bokuqala ukuba lizingela ixhoba elikhulu, yaye ngokukhuselekileyo ukukhangela evulekileyo sezwe. Indawo yokuhlala e qela wanika ixesha umntu kwanokuphucula izixhobo. Akazange abe ukuba rhoqo phezu qwa, njalo lonke ixesha lakhe lolaleliso enikelwe ekuyilweni izixhobo ezintsha kunye nophuhliso lwesicwangciso esitsha ukuzingela. Kwiqela ngalinye ukuze sifeze indima yayo: Amadoda ezingelwa ukutya, ngoxa abafazi banyamekele abadala kunye nabantwana. Ngenxa ukwabiwa liabilities yehle ukufa.

Ukuphucula izinto zokusebenza

ubungayi kuba kwenzeke ngaphandle idlulise ulwazi nezakhono ukusuka kwisizukulwana omdala abaselula Ukuphuculwa izixhobo. Kungenxa yoko le nto abadala ayahlonitshwa. Baya sikuxelele indlela lizingela, leyo edliwayo izityalo, ukudala njani izixhobo njalo-njalo. D. Njengoko imbali ibonisa, basinda kuphela ezo amaqela eziye zafumana ootitshala abaneqhuzu, ababenokuyidlulisela ulwazi lwabo kwisizukulwana esitsha.

Amaqela lowo izixhobo phambili ngakumbi, kungathatha eziku ilungileyo, kancinane abanye abahlali beendawo ngaphantsi efanelekileyo ebomini. Ngenxa yoko, wasinda kakhulu nimble nekhawulezayo kakuhle kwaye lisisidenge, ngubani na eqale amava kwabanye, kodwa ukuncedisana kunye, ulwazi omtsha ezifunyanwa.

umsebenzi Inani zabasebenzi

Ngenxa ezingela ezihlangeneyo, jikelele co-ubukho kunye nokusasazwa amava babeyibiza abaphezulu, uluntu ndafumana ithuba lokusinda. yonke le nto, kodwa kufuneka iimpawu ezizodwa ukuze abelane ngolwazi. Uphuhliso Imisebenzi ndibanisela Group sele unobangela zentetho.

Ekuqaleni, abantu ukuxumana izimbo zomzimba, nembonakalo yobuso kunye izandi ngamnye. ngcembe kwingqula engaphuhliswanga yaguquka yaba izixhobo iqine, kwaye le ndoda ingumnini wefowuni yakwazi ukufunda indlela entsha ukudlulisa ulwazi.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezanyisayo ephakamileyo baphendule utshintsho kubume esebenzisa amalungu emehlweni, ekuyiveni Isivamvo sokujoja, abantu ithuba lokusebenzisa inkqubo umqondiso wesibini. Homo sapiens unako ukusebenzisa amagama ukuba amalungiselelo iziganeko umyalezo omfutshane. Le yenye umahluko ophambili phakathi komntu nesilwanyana, uphawu abayinqobo, awela, umntu waba yintloko yendalo.

Ukuphucula impilo

Ubukho intetho kunye nomsebenzi edibeneyo lokuqinisa amatyathanga phakathi kwabantu ngokwamaqela. Baqala ke ukuba ukusebenza kunye ngcono. Ke ngeenxa zonke nezinye amaqela nanini na umzuzu kungenza angi kwi kwintsimi bengafanele ukuhlalwa. Ukongeza, iimeko zemozulu baba akucingeleki, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba asinde.

Malunga nalo udidi lwabantu bamandulo baqalisa ukuphucula. Into yokuqala baqalisa - ukuba izixhobo. Kamva, ezilukhuni kunye nabasebenzi kwiinkqubo ngokwabo. Ngaphandle ngokuzingela, abantu baqalisa ukuba abuthele iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, maxa wambi ubusi ubuthabathe evela iinyosi zasendle. Kodwa indima ephambili kwinkqubo anthropogenesis ngokuqinisekileyo yadlala ukusetyenziswa komlilo. ukutya okuphekiweyo kuwo tastier kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukutya okunjalo akuthethi ukulayisha izixhobo masticatory, kwaye emva kokuba inkawu nkulungwane izihlunu ukuhlafuna enamandla namathambo nezihlanganisi kubo baphulukana ukubaluleka kwabo.

intetho lokuvala

Emva yimbonakalo intetho bethetha abantu waphawula uphuhliso ebalulekileyo neuron. Kwelinye icala, oku negalelo yokucinga ukuba wenza kusinda nkqubo ayikho kakhulu gqithi kangaka.

imibandela yezentlalo anthropogenesis wadlala indima kwinkqubo wokuba abantu. Kodwa bekuya kuba nzima ngaphandle utshintsho zokuqala emzimbeni. Kwaye ke, iinguquko ukusebenza komzimba kuye kwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko zentlalo zazivelela uqhuba.

Inkqubo yokuba indoda yathatha million eminyaka. indoda Modern - sisiphumo nomxokelelwane elide utshintsho, apho kubonakala kwimbali komda: ukusuka mzuzu xa lwenkawu yokuqala ngeenyawo zawo, phambi kokufika ubugcisa obutsha.