Izithuthi Russian: iimoto, iilori, injongo ekhethekileyo. Imboni imoto Russian

Xa sithetha ngalo ishishini leemoto yasekhaya, into yokuqala ethi qatha engqondweni - imodeli iVolga Automobile Plant. Iimoto ezininzi selo xesha lethu of AvtoVAZ Lada Kalina. Iyafumaneka zombini ukuze kumazwe angaphandle kunye kurhwebo lwasekhaya. Umahluko phakathi kwezi iinguqulelo ezinzima, ngoko uzithelekise kwenza mqondo. Ngokwamanani zobugcisa, imoto iba intsebenzo entle kakhulu, ukuba nje ngokuba yenzelwe indlela emakhaya, yaye loo nto besithi eninzi.

Uphuhliso kushishino imoto Russian, leyo ngamaxesha Soviet, baba Bulelani edumileyo iimoto zilandelayo: "Moskvich" yaye "Lada", yaqala ngenkulungwane XIX. Phambi kokuba ukuvela kwe-Union of bamaxesha eziliqela ishishini wema ngeenyawo zakhe, wawa kanye, yaye kuphela ngo-1960 waphilisa ubomi ngokupheleleyo - motorization abaninzi sele zifakiwe. Out of ntlekele, bona babemlandele kwangoko emva kokuwa waseUSSR, kwaba ngenkankulu, kodwa icandelo imoto Russian eseke phandle. Ke kaloku, omnye abenzi inkulu, owabonisa ihlabathi imoto Lada Kalina, - i ngumqondo AvtoVAZ. Nangona eRashiya nalapha ngaphakatyhi iyafumaneka imoto langaphandle, imoto yonke yesibini umzekelo we imveliso yasekhaya. Kubonisa uthando kunye nothando kwabemi kwilizwe, kwakunye elingakanani iimoto vazovskaya enganeno xa kuthelekiswa nabantu basemzini. Imbali ezininzi ifundwe ngezantsi.

kushishino Russian jikelele de 1917

Iimoto yokuqala Russian yaqala ukubonakala 1896. Evela awaqala ngazo ixesha ukuphuhlisa ishishini auto yasekhaya. Umfuziselo yokuqala injini yokutsha yaye wabonakala ngaloo nyaka. Esidlangalaleni, oko "imele" Evgeny Yakovlev kunye noPetros Frese.

Emva iziganeko ezinjalo eRashiya kukho iinkampani lokuqala zabucala ukuba amele ushishino imoto Russian ngelo xesha. Noko ke, bonke bephela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukutshintsha umsebenzi wabo. Ngo-1912, "size" kukho iinkampani zokusebenza ezimbini kuphela. Sithetha malunga Russian-Baltic nqwelo mveliso nesityalo Puzyreva. Le yokuqala ise Riga, wesibini - eSt Petersburg. RBVZ waba ithuba ukukhulula umzekelo wabo wokuqala kwezithuthi ngo-1909, lo gama RAZIPP waqala ukusebenza ngowe-1911 kwiminyaka emine emva koko, yatshiswa isityalo yesibini, yaye emva kwexesha elifutshane ngexesha umsunguli walo wafa. RBVZ ngenxa neemeko sisondela Riga yahlulwe amasebe ezininzi: omnye ibekwe eSt Petersburg (apha amalungiselelo indibano-moya), lo wesibini - yaseTver.

Ishishini imoto Russian baqalisa zokuphuhlisa santya ngenxa kokuqhambuka leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Kwaye zonke ngenxa yokuba iye yenyuka kakhulu imfuneko izixhobo olongezelelweyo. Urhulumente wakhupha umyalelo kwi ukusekwa kwezityalo emithandathu. Kuba ukwakhiwa kwayo sele inikezelwe malunga nezigidi ezili-11. Engange. Ngokutsho izibalo zemveliso lilonke abasemagunyeni ngayo kuba ngamawaka-10. Units ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zicwangciso yaphela ngendlela elusizi kakhulu. Emva kokuba revolution 1917 kunye nokuhla elandelayo, ekuweni kwinkqubo yezothutho eRashiya, ulwakhiwo izityalo khange ugqibile. Ekugqibeleni state swa omnye kuphela, ngalo converges ukukhanya kunye noomatshini enzima. Kuba 1917 sakwazi ukuqokelela phantse 500 iimoto kwisityalo eMoscow. Emva ekusekeni imeko abasemagunyeni baye bagqiba kwelokuba abuyele ukwakhiwa iingongoma ibandla. Kodwa ababini kubo ekugqibeleni ndaphelelwa yesifundo abayifundisayo.

inxalenye Russian USSR

cars Russian zaguqulwa kakhulu ngoxa eSoviet Union. Ixesha lokukhululwa truck F-15 Moscow mveliso kuthathwa kwindawo ekuqaleni uphuhliso kushishino ngomatshini. Emva kwethutyana ke igama Amo. Emva kuvuselelwa isityalo esaqala ngayo ukuvelisa iilori phantsi mvume. E Nizhny Novgorod, owayesaziwa ngokuba Gorky, ngoko ke wakha Naz. Esi sityalo, usebenzisa ngokwesigqibo Ford kwenkampani American, baqalisa ukuvelisa iilori neemoto umkhweli. Yinkampani ibe isidima wesizwe eSoviet Union, saza sakhupha imoto "Lada" - uphawu uRhulumente efanayo. Kunye brand imoto ezincinane kushishino imoto Russian wakhululwa eYurophu kwindawo yokuqala, wathabatha indawo yesibini kwi umba ilori didi ehlabathini. Phambi kokuqala ngquzulwano eSoviet Union kwi-sikhokelo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngaphezu kwesigidi esi-1. Iikopi zaye zaveliswa.

Ide uphuhliso 70s kushishino lwemoto naniqhubeka ngesantya kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, uninzi iimoto Russian linani elikhulu iilori - imveliso yabo bakhetha.

Inani labemi yaqala ukufumana iimoto lobuqu ngeloo xesha, njengoko Italy ligqibe ukwakha kummandla Union of the Wha. Isityalo iqhutywa ngesantya ngokwanelisayo ekhawulezileyo. Ekuqaleni eziveliswe kunyaka 660 amawaka. Iikopi, yaye emva koko, kufutshane kunyaka 80 th, eli nani lenyuka ukuya 730 lamawaka. Kwaye, kakade, imoto "Zhiguli" waba index kwisabelo sengonyama. Kunye kwenziwe kwaye "Field". Isityalo lazaliswa omnye yokuqala kummandla USSR wakhupha ibibanga yokuthutha.

Ngowe-1969, ukwakhiwa KAMAZ, oko sizaliswa 1976 Kuye kwaqaliswa yaba wavumela ukuba ukuguqulela izithuthi ezininzi Soviet ukuba iindlela amandla diesel. Phantsi isicwangciso, Eli shishini mveliso livelisa 150 lamawaka. Iilori amawaka 250. IiYunithi ngonyaka ngamnye.

Ngenxa inkxaso elungileyo evela kurhulumente kunye iinzame ezibambeneyo zonke izityalo, ngo-1980 i-yiSoviet Union ihlabathi:

• Indawo yokuqala imveliso iibhasi.
• indawo yesithathu ukuze imveliso iilori.
• indawo yesihlanu imveliso iyonke. Apha cars Russian wanika indlela eya Japanese, eMelika, isiJamani kunye noogxa isiFrentshi.

Yaye le ntlekele, ishishini imoto Russian waqhubeka ukukholisa umthengi yasekhaya brand new ngokupheleleyo yemoto. Ngelo xesha, imveliso uyekile ukuba ukukhula ubukhulu, kwakukho ukunqongophala abaza kuzisebenzisa. Ubunkokheli ye-USSR ngokuthe ngcembe. Kodwa ke kanye kweli xesha ihlabathi wabona loo imodeli "obungunaphakade" njenge imoto "Moskvich", "-zandla ekutayipheni", "Oka", "Tavria" kunye nezigadla.

Emva kokuwa eSoviet Union, bayahlelwa kwishishini imoto Russian, Ukrainian kunye Belarusian waya kwiindlela zethu.

kushishino Modern Auto Russian

Le ntlekele ke wehla emva kokuba utshintsho ka-1992, phantse wayeka ukusebenza lonke ushishino imoto Russian. Ngaba amazinga production yancitshiswa, inani yeemoto ndawonye. Kwanabo ovelise iikopi cheap ngeendleko, lanqunyanyiswa imisebenzi yabo. Oku kubangelwa ukuba iingxaki ezoyikekayo ezoqoqosho kunye nemali. Sinokuthi ukuba yahlaselwa hlobo kurhulumente automakers kuphela komnqweno ngokwenene Russian - evunyiweyo. Sithetha ngalo Wha, irhasi kunye nezityalo Likhachev. Zalenza imoto edume ngokwenene - ". Bychkov" "Lada", "iVolga", Ngawo la uthotho ntlekele zonganyelwe ngempumelelo. Nangona ukwehla le engange ngo-1998, wabulala kakhulu ngabavelisi.

Kakade ngawo 2002, eli lizwe kwindibano ngokupheleleyo ujingi imifuziselo amazwe. Ngeli xesha urhulumente wavula amagatya amazwe ngaphezu elinesibini. Phakathi iimoto pesenti yayifudula-40%. Ukucwangcisa uphuhliso kwesigidi esi-1. iziqwenga amazwe ngonyaka ngamnye iye yaqaphela 2010.

Ngoku Russian Federation luluhlu phezulu abenzi-15 ehlabathini. Ngomhla kummandla urhulumente evulekileyo izityalo izithuthi ngaphezu kwama-50.

Imoto best zasekhaya

Ukuba sicinga imoto kakuhle ngokwenene yenziwe eSoviet Union, kubalulekile ukuba ayeke ingqalelo yabo yokuba inkonzo wafumana index "M-20". Liyinyaniso elokuba, ukuba a "uloyiso". Wawenziwe kwi kwisityalo Gorky ukususela ngowe-1946 ukuya 1958. malunga 240 lamawaka. iikopi zakhutshwa ngaphambi kokuba ukumisa imveliso.

Le moto yaba imilo olukhulu, kwaye zatsala abathengi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba permeability eliphezulu, uzinzo elungileyo. Kwesona santya siphezulu engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune uphawu-100 km / h. It is a imoto enjalo kwakufuneka abasindileyo yiSoviet zemfazwe. Eyona ethile engundoqo oomatshini, abaninzi ebizwa ngokuba injini. Eneneni, imodeli "M-20" iye oluthembekileyo kakhulu, kodwa ezingazinzanga kwisicwangciso somsebenzi yeyunithi yamandla. Nangona wayebalasele yi elide ubomi, kodwa, ngeliphandle, mna kunokuba buthathaka kulo hlobo matshini.

Iimoto Russian kubiza kakhulu ngamaxesha Soviet

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ZIS-110, nto leyo iba udidi iimoto olawulo. imveliso yawo yaqalwa ekupheleni konyaka yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Kwaye ngo 1958 yena indawo lelinye imoto lwe thotho efanayo. Xa isityalo yathiywa emva Likhachev, igama layo itshintshile a bit - ZIL-110. ixesha lilonke imveliso sakhulula ngaphezulu kancinane amawaka-2. Iikopi zawo onke amabandla.

umthengi eSoviet njalo waqaphela ubuhle isithuthi, kwakunye ubuhle umzimba. iisilinda injini Onyuswe kwaye 8 yasebenza imijikelo-4. umthamo wayo 180 enjini.

Le moto angabekwa ngokuhambelana "empumelelweni '. Umahluko phakathi kwabo kuphela ukuba i "M-20" ukwanda efumileyo olufanelekileyo ngakumbi ngenxa nkqubo amaxabiso ochazwe - ephezulu.

imoto Russian eyenzwe

I "UAZ ngokuthanda uhlanga" entsha (okanye UAZ-3163) ngokuzithemba isesikhundleni akhokelayo phakathi iimoto inokuthenjwa Russian. SUV has zonke iinketho eziyimfuneko, iimpawu kunye neempawu eziya kudingeka ukukhwela kwiindlela Russian. Le moto iye iingcango ezintlanu, kwakunye kwenqanaba nokuphola kweli gumbi imithwalo kunye umkhweli. "Ngokuthanda uhlanga" ugqibelele lokuqhuba kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ezithe inokongezwa kuyo izinto ezongezelelweyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye SUV yemveliso yasekhaya. Le series iveliswa ukususela ngo-2005 Ulyanovsk isityalo. Ukongezelela iimpawu ezigqwesileyo zobugcisa, oko kwaye ibukeka omhle kakhulu yaye etsala abantu ezinzulu, njengoko kwenziwe minimalism.

imoto ezinokuthenjwa Russian

Naluphi na umhlali of Russia ukubhiyozela kolu didi imveliso imoto vazovskaya. Kakade ke, sithetha imoto "Lada", nto leyo eyaziwa ngcono phantsi igama "nesenti". Akukho nto, kuba emva kwexesha elide kangaka ukususela ekukhululweni kwayo, oko usahamba ku kwiindlela Russian. Yonke imoto sesithathu eRashiya - ukuba "Zhiguli". Kubalulekile ingqalelo.

Imoto kakhulu elihle

"I Inqina" yi ikhulu ekhulwini ngokuphumelela olu didi phakathi zonke iinqwelo zasekhaya. Wawenziwe kwi kwisityalo Gorky. Kwaye waphuma phantsi kwimbali njengoko umatshini lowo kaninzi amagosa aya. Bona ezitsalwa ukubonakala ezintle nobugcisa.

Best imoto Russian

"Lada Priora", ngokoluvo wabaqhubi ezininzi, ukutyeba. Ingakumbi kuyimfuneko ukuba ndibhenele abathengi banamhlanje musa abangxolise ezintsha kakhulu yafumba iimeko. Le umfuziselo lokuqondisa lwamandla, yamnandi ukunqunyanyiswa kunye umoya.

imoto eyonga

Njengoko i imoto kuqoqosho "Oka" onokubonwa. Products Vaz soloko ngexabiso eliphantsi-iindleko, kodwa le modeli iye yaba yeyona cheap. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba uneempawu Nakuba elungiselelwe amacandelo karhulumente.

"KamAZ": dumper

Akumangalisi ke, i "KAMAZ" - enye abavelisi best eRashiya, xa sithetha iilori. Zisetyenziswa phantse onke amacandelo: kwezolimo, zikamasipala, isakhiwo. Ngo-2010, le nkqubo kwakhona oxhobele cabin ezitsha, nto leyo eyahlukileyo lula kwalo. "KamAZ" series (yokulahla) umxhelo. imodeli ngamnye nokusilela kwakhe zawo. Ixabiso eyiyona enye yezi cars jikelele amawaka 170. Engange. Iimoto kakuhle lakhenketha ngendlela eqhelekileyo, kodwa musa ukumelana lokuqhuba endleleni.

ZIL umlilo

iilori umlilo uya ngokuqinisekileyo kuyimfuneko rhoqo. Kufuneka iinkcukacha ezinkulu. Le yenye iintlobo zezithuthi apho lweenkcukacha zangaphandle yinto engabalulekanga ngokupheleleyo. Kangangexesha elide iimoto zaye zaveliswa ngenxa USSR yezikhululo umlilo Likhachev isityalo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, baye kwaphuculwa kuzo zonke iinkalo. ZIL mlilo umzekelo ilungileyo USSR.