Izityalo yemifuno cultured: iintlobo kunye neempawu

izityalo Imifuno - ingqiqo ngokwaneleyo capacious, leyo imida imfiliba kakhulu. Bona ke ngoko ngokuqinileyo ebomini bethu, ukuba asithanga senze ucinge yokuba ekunokuthiwa kubo, nalapho bafika bevela. Xa ukulima, injongo ephambili kulinywe kukuba ukufumana imifuno ekugqibeleni.

Ucalulo lwezityalo yemifuno

Gns, leyo zihlelwe njengoko izityalo zemifuno enkulu. Baya zingahlukaniswa kuphela iimpawu morphological, kodwa ke ngexesha lomjikelo wobomi, kwakunye nemiqathango ezikhulayo, ixesha lokuvuna kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Noko ke, konke oku kungasentla elide iyavakala yamafama, kodwa umlinganiselo umthengi inomdla kakhulu ukuhlelwa inxalenye edliwayo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izityalo zemifuno xa uqala kubonakala ukuba ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, kuba iqela lemisebenzi esemqoka efanayo, ezenza kube lula ukubona kwi qela. Ucalulo semifuno kubalulekile nje kuphela amafama kodwa ukulungiselela ukupheka, abaphandi yorhwebo, zezityalo.

Ulwahlulo lesayensi

izityalo ezilinyiweyo (imifuno), imizekelo apho abaninzi kuthi kuzisa intabalala imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yokuziqhelisa nga zihlelwe kuxhomekeke yelo kwintsapho ethile okanye udidi ngezityalo. Kwilizwe lethu, kulinywa ingakumbi imifuno, ubandakanyeka Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae kunye neembotyi. Unako kwakhona ukuhlangabezana abameli khaphetshu, Amaryllidaceae, celery goosefoot.

Buhle yokuhlela lesayensi ukuba ikuvumela ukuba ukuvela izityalo (imifuno) kuyo yonke iyantlukwano yabo kubalelwa izityalo ezinxulumene, nto leyo ebalulekileyo xa ekhula nabo. Noko ke, nanku lonikezelo abathengi indisokolisa kakhulu, njengoko begadi zesiqhelo.

Ukwahlukanisa angalindela

Le yokuhlela kakhulu elula begadi amateurs zesiqhelo abangenazo olunzulu ulwazi Botany. Ngokutsho osahluleyo, uhlobo izityalo emifuno kuchazwa ngokuthi ngonyaka, obanjwa kunye ingaphelelwayo.

Annuals zihlukile ukuba umjikelo wobomi ukuqala zokutyala iphela kunye ukuyilwa iimbewu, indawo kunyaka omnye. Ezi ziquka: .. yemixoxozi, seqanda, umxoxozi, kwaneekomkomere, zucchini, radish, njl Inkoliso yabo eziqhelekileyo kuthi ukususela ebuntwaneni kwaye abakhoyo etafileni wethu phantse yonke imihla.

Xa isityalo ebakho qho kunyaka wokuqala kuyilwa nerozi kuphela amagqabi, kwakunye amalungu onemveliso, nto leyo bandisa reserve ethile kwezondlo. Ngoko, xa iimeko zemozulu lwangaphandle zibe ntle, bangene ixesha ebizwa njalo-yokuphumla. Apha kunyaka wesibini isityalo sele ekuqaleni ukwenza esikhondweni kunye nentyatyambo, uze emva koko ibunjiwe zivuthwe iziqhamo. Ezi ziquka: beetroot, itswele, ikhaphetshu, iminqathe, parsley, kunye nezinye imifuno yesiqhelo kunye eziqhelekileyo.

Perennials azikho exhaphakileyo kwilizwe lethu kwaye bazibonise ikakhulu ngezixa ezincinane. Plants nenkcubeko Imifuno ezi zilwanyana kunyaka wokuqala zezinto eziphilayo iingcambu kuphela, amagqabi emithi. Kodwa amalungu zabo nemveliso bakha kakhulu kunyaka wesibini nowesithathu ebomini. Uninzi lwezi ndlela ukuze baphile ezintathu - kweminyaka emihlanu. Perennials ezifanayo biennials ukuba ubusika beza kungena dormancy iqale ukubuyisela izondlo.

Kuba Perennials ziquka: ikonofile, artichoke, horseradish, hlaza, nangwevu, itswele Welsh, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, annuals ezininzi kwaye nazo kwakhula njengoba Perennials. Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa i ukulima zokugcina. Kwakhona kuyenzeka, nokubuyela emva. Ngokomzekelo, xa iminqathe elide nengqele kwentwasahlobo kunye beetroot zingaqalisa ukuba athwale isiqhamo kunyaka wokuqala.

Ukwahlukanisa ngalo lonke ixesha yexesha kwezityalo , yaye indlela yokukhula

izityalo Imifuno, imizekelo apho zinikwe kweli nqaku kwakhona zihlelwe ngobude kwexesha yabo esakhulayo. Kulo mba, sinako kuchongwa ntlobo ekuqaleni, phakathi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha. Kodwa ngokutsho indlela yokukhula iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zingahlukaniswa: komhlaba kunye Hothouse.

izityalo yemifuno Ground elungiselelwe ukulima endle, kodwa Hothouse - kuphela endawni zokugcina okanye zokugcina. Noko ke, imifuno kuphela ephantsi sandayo zingalinywa ongcolileyo. Okwangoku ke, ngokuba ukulinywa kwezityalo zokugcina onke amathuba ukusebenzisa emhlabeni. Amaninzi, iingcambu izityalo babekwa isisombululo ekhethekileyo, equka umxube kwezondlo kubalulekile. Kodwa kukho imbono yokuba elongezelelekayo kwimifuno ethe yalinywa ngale ndlela, nje kuphela kodwa iluncedo, yaye vice versa - banokubenzakalisa umzimba womntu. Ezibaluleke kakhulu nangoku imifuno yakhona.

Ucalulo kunye nokugcinwa umgangatho ukutya esetyenziswa kwi

Ukugcina umgangatho umisela isakhono kwivenkile yemifuno. Xa oku sinako ukuchonga izityalo yemifuno, ezidla ukuya kwimo yokuphumla, kunye nabo azinazo iimpawu ezinjalo.

Ngokutsho yingxenye kwisityalo unako ukutya, amaqela amabini amakhulu ziyakwazi ukuchongeka: iziqhamo, imifuno, okanye okuvelisa kunye kwezityalo. Iqela lokuqala luquka izityalo cereals yemifuno, ithanga nightshade. Nantsi ke wesibini zichongwe eziqhelekileyo kuthi bonke, ingcambu, tuber, imifuno ibhalbhu, ihlume yegqabi kunye nenkcubeko.

Le yokuhlela kakhulu elula abathengi eziqhelekileyo kunye abasasazi zemifuno.

izityalo Fruit emifuno

Uphawu ukwahlula ezi imifuno ithathwa ukuba into leyo isiqhamo imifuno. Ezinye zazo nga kulinika kwisigaba se sivuthiwe ngezityalo, abanye - kwisigaba lokuvuthwa zobugcisa. Ezi ziquka zonke ivatala ozithandayo, iitumato, umxoxozi, ithanga, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ezi zityalo kufuneka ukudala iimeko ukuze ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze aqale okwentyatyambo zibe neziqhamo. Kulo mzekelo, kuluncedo ukwenza kungakhathaliseki ngeziqhamo zabo kwezinye degree of sivuthiwe.

Iimpawu kulinywe izityalo yemifuno

izityalo ezilinyiweyo (imifuno), imizekelo apho zifumaneka kweli nqaku, yaye ezinye iimpawu ezikhulayo. Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le ndawo yokugqibela apha idlala isakhiwo site. Phambi kokuba uyazi, kufuneka uzame ukufunda ubuchule yezolimo nemifuno ukuba ufuna ukuhlakulela esizeni sayo.

iimpawu ngokobugcisa abo okanye ezinye izityalo kwakhona igalelo ukuba kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iimeko zemozulu ngayo imifuno ethile. Izityalo Imifuno abe yimfuneko eziqhelekileyo zokulinywa zabo: akunakwenzeka iminyaka emininzi efanayo okanye isityalo ezinxulumene ukulima kule sayithi enye. Ke ezinye iimfuneko ezikhulayo ezikhethiweyo kuphela ngamnye, kwakunye nokwakhiwa komhlaba kunye isixa isichumiso ezifunekayo.

Classification V. I. Edelshteyna

Isazinzulu Soviet Edelstein lenze kudidi okhethekileyo, eyenza kube lula ukwahlula izityalo imifuno azikho nje eziphilayo, kodwa kwiimeko agro-technical. Ngokwale yokuhlela angohlulwa imifuno zethu: ikhaphetshu, ingcambu, tuber, iibhalbhu, iziqhamo, igqabi, ingaphelelwayo neenkowane.

Nganye kwezi ndidi sele yabelwe kunye nosapho.

yokwahlukanisa jikelele

Ngokubanzi, oluhlobo abayazi kuthiwe lwezenzululwazi, kokukhona ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuba abathengi. It imifuno Akukho ndawonye ngama nayiphi lesiphumo, Noko ke, yimani ngaphandle iintlobo ezifana amatswele, iingcambu, izityalo kumila ikhaphetshu, yegqabi, okuneziqholo, itswele, tomato, ithanga, iimbotyi, cereal, dessert. Kodwa ke yi, ukuba wonke engalindelanga, izazinzulu ziye zigqibo ukanti akabanga namvuzo imifuno okanye iziqhamo.